<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://veggy.wetpaint.com/xsl/rss2html.xsl" type="text/xsl" media="screen"?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://veggy.wetpaint.com/scripts/wpcss/wiki/veggy/skin/clubclass/rss" type="text/css" media="screen"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><channel><title>Gee - Recently Updated Pages</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/pageSearch/updated</link><description>Recently Updated Pages on http://veggy.wetpaint.com</description><language>en-us</language><webMaster>info@wetpaint.com</webMaster><pubDate>Fri, 30 May 2008 05:59:54 CDT</pubDate><lastBuildDate>Fri, 30 May 2008 05:59:54 CDT</lastBuildDate><generator>wetpaint.com</generator><ttl>60</ttl><image><title>Gee</title><url>http://www.wetpaint.com/img/logo.gif</url><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com</link><description>Legal-Anthropology Studies</description></image><item><title>yudha</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/yudha</link><author>Anonymous</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/yudha</guid><pubDate>Fri, 30 May 2008 05:59:54 CDT</pubDate><description>There is no abstract available for this page revision.&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>surat keputusan direksi bank indonesia no 28/32/KEP/DIR tanggal 4 juli 1995</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/surat+keputusan+direksi+bank+indonesia+no+28%2F32%2FKEP%2FDIR+tanggal+4+juli+1995</link><author>Anonymous</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/surat+keputusan+direksi+bank+indonesia+no+28%2F32%2FKEP%2FDIR+tanggal+4+juli+1995</guid><pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 08:21:38 CDT</pubDate><description>There is no abstract available for this page revision.&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>pandangan+peter+blau</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/pandangan%2Bpeter%2Bblau</link><author>Anonymous</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/pandangan%2Bpeter%2Bblau</guid><pubDate>Fri, 14 Sep 2007 22:34:28 CDT</pubDate><description>There is no abstract available for this page revision.&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>UU No.24 tahun 2004 tentang Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/UU+No.24+tahun+2004+tentang+Lembaga+Penjamin+Simpanan</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/UU+No.24+tahun+2004+tentang+Lembaga+Penjamin+Simpanan</guid><pubDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2007 00:51:21 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;NOMOR 24 TAHUN 2004&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;TENTANG&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;LEMBAGA PENJAMIN SIMPANAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menimbang:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa untuk menunjang terwujudnya perekonomian nasional yang stabil dan tangguh, diperlukan suatu sistem perbankan yang sehat dan stabil;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa untuk mendukung sistem perbankan yang sehat dan stabil diperlukan penyempurnaan terhadap program penjaminan simpanan nasabah bank;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa dalam rangka melaksanakan program penjaminan terhadap simpanan nasabah bank tersebut perlu dibentuk suatu lembaga yang independen yang diberi tugas dan wewenang untuk melaksanakan program dimaksud;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a, huruf b, dan huruf c, perlu membentuk Undang-Undang tentang Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Mengingat:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pasal 5 ayat (1), Pasal 20 ayat (1), Pasal 23, dan Pasal 33 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1992 Nomor 31, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3472), sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1998 Nomor 182, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3790);&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1999 tentang Bank Indonesia (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 66, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3843) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2004 (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 7, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 4357);&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2003 Nomor 47, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 4287);&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2004 tentang Perbendaharaan Negara (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 5, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 4355);&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dengan persetujuan bersama&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menetapkan:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG LEMBAGA PENJAMIN SIMPANAN.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB I&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN UMUM&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam Undang-Undang ini yang dimaksud dengan:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Simpanan adalah simpanan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang tentang Perbankan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank adalah Bank Umum dan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang tentang Perbankan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Lembaga Pengawas Perbankan, yang selanjutnya disebut LPP adalah Bank Indonesia atau lembaga pengawasan sektor jasa keuangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang tentang Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Indonesia adalah Bank Sentral Republik Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang tentang Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Nasabah Penyimpan adalah nasabah penyimpan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang tentang Perbankan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;6.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Nasabah Debitur adalah nasabah debitur sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang tentang Perbankan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;7.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Gagal (failing bank) adalah bank yang mengalami kesulitan keuangan dan membahayakan kelangsungan usahanya serta dinyatakan tidak dapat lagi disehatkan oleh LPP sesuai dengan kewenangan yang dimilikinya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;8.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penjaminan Simpanan Nasabah Bank, yang selanjutnya disebut Penjaminan, adalah penjaminan yang dilaksanakan oleh Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan atas simpanan nasabah bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;9.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Komite Koordinasi adalah komite yang beranggotakan Menteri Keuangan, LPP, Bank Indonesia, dan Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan yang memutuskan kebijakan penyelesaian dan penanganan suatu Bank Gagal yang ditengarai berdampak sistemik.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;10.&lt;/font&gt;          &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Cadangan Penjaminan adalah dana yang berasal dari sebagian surplus Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan yang dialokasikan untuk memenuhi kewajiban di masa yang akan datang dalam rangka pelaksanaan tugas dan wewenang Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;11.&lt;/font&gt;          &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Cadangan Tujuan adalah dana yang berasal dari sebagian surplus Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan yang digunakan antara lain untuk penggantian atau pembaruan aktiva tetap dan perlengkapan yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan tugas dan wewenang Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;12.&lt;/font&gt;          &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Peraturan Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan adalah peraturan yang ditetapkan oleh Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan dalam rangka penjaminan serta penyelesaian dan penanganan Bank Gagal sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang ini.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;13.&lt;/font&gt;          &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner adalah organ tertinggi Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;14.&lt;/font&gt;          &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Keputusan Dewan Komisioner adalah keputusan yang ditetapkan oleh Dewan Komisioner Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan yang memuat aturan intern.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;15.&lt;/font&gt;          &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;RUPS adalah Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB II&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PEMBENTUKAN, STATUS, DAN TEMPAT KEDUDUKAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan Undang-Undang ini, dibentuk Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan, yang selanjutnya disebut LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) adalah badan hukum.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS adalah lembaga yang independen, transparan, dan akuntabel dalam melaksanakan tugas dan wewenangnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS bertanggung jawab kepada Presiden.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS berkedudukan di ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS dapat mempunyai kantor perwakilan di wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai persyaratan dan tata cara pembentukan kantor perwakilan diatur dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB III&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;FUNGSI, TUGAS, DAN WEWENANG&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Fungsi LPS adalah:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menjamin simpanan nasabah penyimpan; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;turut aktif dalam memelihara stabilitas sistem perbankan sesuai dengan kewenangannya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam menjalankan fungsi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4 huruf a, LPS mempunyai tugas:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;merumuskan dan menetapkan kebijakan pelaksanaan penjaminan simpanan; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melaksanakan penjaminan simpanan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam menjalankan fungsi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4 huruf b, LPS mempunyai tugas sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;merumuskan dan menetapkan kebijakan dalam rangka turut aktif memelihara stabilitas sistem perbankan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;merumuskan, menetapkan, dan melaksanakan kebijakan penyelesaian Bank Gagal (bank resolution) yang tidak berdampak sistemik; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melaksanakan penanganan Bank Gagal yang berdampak sistemik.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam rangka melaksanakan tugas sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 5, LPS mempunyai wewenang sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menetapkan dan memungut premi penjaminan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menetapkan dan memungut kontribusi pada saat bank pertama kali menjadi peserta;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan pengelolaan kekayaan dan kewajiban LPS;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mendapatkan data simpanan nasabah, data kesehatan bank, laporan keuangan bank, dan laporan hasil pemeriksaan bank sepanjang tidak melanggar kerahasiaan bank;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan rekonsiliasi, verifikasi, dan/atau konfirmasi atas data sebagaimana dimaksud pada huruf d;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt;                &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menetapkan syarat, tata cara, dan ketentuan pembayaran klaim;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;g.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menunjuk, menguasakan, dan/atau menugaskan pihak lain untuk bertindak bagi kepentingan dan/atau atas nama LPS, guna melaksanakan sebagian tugas tertentu;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;h.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan penyuluhan kepada bank dan masyarakat tentang penjaminan simpanan; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;i.&lt;/font&gt;                &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menjatuhkan sanksi administratif.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS dapat melakukan penyelesaian dan penanganan Bank Gagal dengan kewenangan:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengambil alih dan menjalankan segala hak dan wewenang pemegang saham, termasuk hak dan wewenang RUPS;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menguasai dan mengelola aset dan kewajiban Bank Gagal yang diselamatkan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;meninjau ulang, membatalkan, mengakhiri, dan/atau mengubah setiap kontrak yang mengikat Bank Gagal yang diselamatkan dengan pihak ketiga yang merugikan bank; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menjual dan/atau mengalihkan aset bank tanpa persetujuan debitur dan/atau kewajiban bank tanpa persetujuan kreditur.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam menjalankan tugas dan wewenangnya, LPS dapat meminta data, informasi, dan/atau dokumen kepada pihak lain.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setiap pihak yang dimintai data, informasi, dan/atau dokumen sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), wajib memberikannya kepada LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB IV&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PENJAMINAN SIMPANAN NASABAH BANK&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Pertama&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Kepesertaan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setiap Bank yang melakukan kegiatan usaha di wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia wajib menjadi peserta Penjaminan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kewajiban bank menjadi peserta Penjaminan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak termasuk Badan Kredit Desa.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Sebagai peserta Penjaminan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 8, setiap Bank wajib:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menyerahkan dokumen sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1)&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;salinan anggaran dasar dan/atau akta pendirian bank;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2)&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;salinan dokumen perizinan bank;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3)&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;surat keterangan tingkat kesehatan bank yang dikeluarkan oleh LPP yang dilengkapi dengan data pendukung;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;4)&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;surat pernyataan dari direksi, komisaris, dan pemegang saham bank, yang memuat:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;i.&lt;/font&gt;               &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;komitmen dan kesediaan direksi, komisaris, dan pemegang saham bank untuk mematuhi seluruh ketentuan sebagaimana ditetapkan dalam Peraturan LPS;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;ii.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;kesediaan untuk bertanggung jawab secara pribadi atas kelalaian dan/atau perbuatan yang melanggar hukum yang mengakibatkan kerugian atau membahayakan kelangsungan usaha bank;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;iii.&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;kesediaan untuk melepaskan dan menyerahkan kepada LPS segala hak, kepemilikan, kepengurusan, dan/atau kepentingan apabila bank menjadi Bank Gagal dan diputuskan untuk diselamatkan atau dilikuidasi;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;membayar kontribusi kepesertaan sebesar 0,1% (satu perseribu) dari modal sendiri (ekuitas) bank pada akhir tahun fiskal sebelumnya atau dari modal disetor bagi bank baru;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;membayar premi Penjaminan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menyampaikan laporan secara berkala dalam format yang ditentukan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;memberikan data, informasi, dan dokumen yang dibutuhkan dalam rangka penyelenggaraan Penjaminan; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt;                &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menempatkan bukti kepesertaan atau salinannya di dalam kantor bank atau tempat lainnya sehingga dapat diketahui dengan mudah oleh masyarakat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Kedua&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Simpanan Yang Dijamin&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 10&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS menjamin Simpanan nasabah bank yang berbentuk giro, deposito, sertifikat deposito, tabungan, dan/atau bentuk lainnya yang dipersamakan dengan itu.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Nilai Simpanan yang dijamin untuk setiap nasabah pada satu bank paling banyak Rp 100.000.000,00 (seratus juta rupiah).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Nilai Simpanan yang dijamin dapat diubah apabila dipenuhi salah satu atau lebih kriteria sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;terjadi penarikan dana perbankan dalam jumlah besar secara bersamaan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;terjadi inflasi yang cukup besar dalam beberapa tahun; atau&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;jumlah nasabah yang dijamin seluruh simpanannya menjadi kurang dari 90% (sembilan puluh per seratus) dari jumlah nasabah penyimpan seluruh bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perubahan besaran nilai Simpanan yang dijamin sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dikonsultasikan dengan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Hasil konsultasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) ditetapkan lebih lanjut dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai penentuan nilai Simpanan yang dijamin untuk setiap nasabah penyimpan pada satu bank sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), diatur dengan Peraturan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Ketiga&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Premi&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Premi Penjaminan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 huruf c dibayarkan 2 (dua) kali dalam 1 (satu) tahun untuk:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pembayaran periode 1 Januari sampai dengan 30 Juni; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pembayaran periode 1 Juli sampai dengan 31 Desember.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Premi untuk masing-masing periode sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dibayarkan selambat-lambatnya tanggal:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;31 Januari untuk periode sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf a; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;31 Juli untuk periode sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf b;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;berdasarkan rata-rata saldo bulanan total Simpanan pada periode sebelumnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Premi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) ditambah atau dikurangi sesuai dengan realisasi rata-rata saldo bulanan total Simpanan pada periode yang bersangkutan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penambahan atau pengurangan premi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) dilakukan pada saat pembayaran premi untuk periode berikutnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai tata cara pembayaran premi ditetapkan dengan Peraturan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 13&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Premi untuk setiap periode sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 12 ditetapkan sama untuk setiap bank sebesar 0,1% (satu perseribu) dari rata-rata saldo bulanan total Simpanan dalam setiap periode.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tingkat premi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat diubah apabila dipenuhi sekurang-kurangnya satu kriteria berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;terjadi perubahan nilai Simpanan yang dijamin untuk setiap nasabah pada satu bank sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 11 ayat (1);&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;akumulasi cadangan penjaminan telah melampaui tingkat sasaran sebesar 2,5% (dua puluh lima perseribu) dari total Simpanan di setiap bank; atau&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;terjadi perubahan tingkat risiko kegagalan (exposure) pada industri perbankan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perubahan tingkat premi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dikonsultasikan dengan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Hasil konsultasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) ditetapkan lebih lanjut dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 14&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penghitungan premi dilakukan sendiri oleh bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS dapat melakukan verifikasi atas perhitungan premi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Verifikasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan dokumen, pemanggilan pejabat bank yang bersangkutan, dan/atau pemeriksaan langsung pada bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemeriksaan langsung pada bank sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) dilakukan oleh LPP atas permintaan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPP harus menyelesaikan pemeriksaan langsung pada bank sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) paling lambat 3 (tiga) bulan sejak permintaan LPS diterima oleh LPP.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal terdapat perbedaan hasil perhitungan premi yang dilakukan sendiri oleh bank dengan hasil verifikasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2), bank wajib melakukan penyesuaian jumlah premi yang dibayar pada saat pembayaran premi periode berikutnya berdasarkan hasil verifikasi LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Cara penetapan premi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 13 ayat (1) dapat diubah sehingga tingkat premi menjadi berbeda antara satu bank dan bank yang lain berdasarkan skala risiko kegagalan bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal tingkat premi ditetapkan berbeda antara satu bank dan bank yang lain, perbedaan tingkat premi yang terendah dan yang tertinggi tidak melebihi 0,5% (lima perseribu).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perubahan cara penetapan premi dan tingkat premi berdasarkan skala risiko kegagalan bank sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dikonsultasikan dengan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Hasil konsultasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) ditetapkan lebih lanjut dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Keempat&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pembayaran Klaim Penjaminan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS wajib membayar klaim Penjaminan kepada Nasabah Penyimpan dari bank yang dicabut izin usahanya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS berhak memperoleh data Nasabah Penyimpan dan informasi lain yang diperlukan per tanggal pencabutan izin usaha dari LPP dan/atau bank dalam rangka penghitungan dan pembayaran klaim Penjaminan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS wajib menentukan Simpanan yang layak dibayar setelah melakukan rekonsiliasi dan verifikasi atas data sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) selambat-lambatnya 90 (sembilan puluh) hari kerja terhitung sejak izin usaha bank dicabut.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS mulai membayar Simpanan yang layak dibayar selambat-lambatnya dalam waktu 5 (lima) hari kerja terhitung sejak verifikasi dimulai.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam rangka rekonsiliasi dan verifikasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3), pemegang saham, dewan komisaris, direksi, dan pegawai bank yang dicabut izin usahanya, serta pihak lain yang terkait dengan bank dimaksud wajib membantu memberikan segala data dan informasi yang diperlukan oleh LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS mengumumkan tanggal dimulainya pengajuan klaim Penjaminan pada sekurang-kurangnya 2 (dua) surat kabar harian yang berperedaran luas.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(7)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jangka waktu pengajuan klaim Penjaminan oleh Nasabah Penyimpan kepada LPS adalah 5 (lima) tahun sejak izin usaha bank dicabut.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(8)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai rekonsiliasi, verifikasi, penetapan kelayakan simpanan, serta tata cara pengajuan dan pembayaran klaim Penjaminan ditetapkan dengan Peraturan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 17&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pembayaran klaim Penjaminan dapat dilakukan secara tunai dan/atau dengan alat pembayaran lain yang setara dengan itu.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setiap pembayaran klaim Penjaminan dilakukan dalam mata uang rupiah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Klaim Penjaminan dari Simpanan dalam mata uang asing dibayarkan dalam bentuk ekuivalen rupiah berdasarkan kurs tengah. Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Alat pembayaran klaim Penjaminan dan kurs tengah yang digunakan ditetapkan lebih lanjut dengan Peraturan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal Nasabah Penyimpan pada saat yang bersamaan mempunyai kewajiban kepada bank, maka pembayaran klaim Penjaminan dilakukan setelah kewajiban Nasabah Penyimpan kepada bank terlebih dahulu diperhitungkan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Klaim Penjaminan dinyatakan tidak layak dibayar apabila berdasarkan hasil rekonsiliasi dan/atau verifikasi:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;data Simpanan nasabah dimaksud tidak tercatat pada bank;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Nasabah Penyimpan merupakan pihak yang diuntungkan secara tidak wajar; dan/atau&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Nasabah Penyimpan merupakan pihak yang menyebabkan keadaan bank menjadi tidak sehat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai pihak yang diuntungkan secara tidak wajar dan pihak yang menyebabkan keadaan bank menjadi tidak sehat diatur dengan Peraturan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal Nasabah Penyimpan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 19 ayat (1) merasa dirugikan, maka nasabah dimaksud dapat:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengajukan keberatan kepada LPS yang didukung dengan bukti nyata dan jelas; atau&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan upaya hukum melalui pengadilan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal LPS menerima keberatan Nasabah Penyimpan atau pengadilan mengabulkan upaya hukum Nasabah Penyimpan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), LPS hanya membayar Simpanan nasabah tersebut sesuai dengan Penjaminan berikut bunga yang wajar.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB V&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PENYELESAIAN DAN PENANGANAN BANK GAGAL&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Pertama&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pengambilan Keputusan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 21&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS menerima pemberitahuan dari LPP mengenai bank bermasalah yang sedang dalam upaya penyehatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang perbankan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS melakukan penyelesaian Bank Gagal yang tidak berdampak sistemik setelah LPP atau Komite Koordinasi menyerahkan penyelesaiannya kepada LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS melakukan penanganan Bank Gagal yang berdampak sistemik setelah Komite Koordinasi menyerahkan penanganannya kepada LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penyelesaian atau penanganan Bank Gagal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 21 ayat (2) dan ayat (3) dilakukan oleh LPS dengan cara sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;penyelesaian Bank Gagal yang tidak berdampak sistemik dilakukan dengan melakukan penyelamatan atau tidak melakukan penyelamatan terhadap Bank Gagal dimaksud;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;penanganan Bank Gagal yang berdampak sistemik dilakukan dengan melakukan penyelamatan yang mengikutsertakan pemegang saham lama atau tanpa mengikutsertakan pemegang saham lama.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Keputusan untuk melakukan penyelamatan atau tidak melakukan penyelamatan suatu Bank Gagal sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf a ditetapkan oleh LPS, dengan sekurang-kurangnya didasarkan pada perkiraan biaya penyelamatan dan perkiraan biaya tidak melakukan penyelamatan Bank Gagal dimaksud.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS melakukan perhitungan atas perkiraan biaya penyelamatan dan perkiraan biaya tidak melakukan penyelamatan Bank Gagal sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 23&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perkiraan biaya penyelamatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 22 ayat (2) meliputi penambahan modal sampai bank tersebut memenuhi ketentuan tingkat solvabilitas dan tingkat likuiditas.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perkiraan biaya tidak melakukan penyelamatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 22 ayat (2) memperhitungkan biaya pembayaran Simpanan nasabah yang dijamin, biaya talangan gaji terutang, talangan pesangon pegawai, dan perkiraan penerimaan LPS dari penjualan aset bank yang dicabut izin usahanya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Kedua&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Penyelamatan Bank Gagal yang Tidak Berdampak Sistemik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 24&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS menetapkan untuk menyelamatkan Bank Gagal yang tidak berdampak sistemik jika dipenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;perkiraan biaya penyelamatan secara signifikan lebih rendah dari perkiraan biaya tidak melakukan penyelamatan bank dimaksud;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;setelah diselamatkan, bank masih menunjukkan prospek usaha yang baik;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;ada pernyataan dari RUPS bank yang sekurang-kurangnya memuat kesediaan untuk:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menyerahkan hak dan wewenang RUPS kepada LPS;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menyerahkan kepengurusan bank kepada LPS; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tidak menuntut LPS atau pihak yang ditunjuk LPS apabila proses penyelamatan tidak berhasil, sepanjang LPS atau pihak yang ditunjuk LPS melakukan tugasnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bank menyerahkan kepada LPS dokumen mengenai:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;penggunaan fasilitas pendanaan dari Bank Indonesia;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;data keuangan Nasabah Debitur;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;struktur permodalan dan susunan pemegang saham 3 (tiga) tahun terakhir; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;4)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;informasi lainnya yang terkait dengan aset, kewajiban termasuk permodalan bank, yang dibutuhkan oleh LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai persyaratan penyelamatan bank sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diatur dengan Peraturan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 25&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setelah persyaratan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 24 dipenuhi, RUPS menyerahkan segala hak dan wewenangnya kepada LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 26&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setelah RUPS menyerahkan hak dan wewenang sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 25, LPS dapat melakukan tindakan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menguasai, mengelola, dan melakukan tindakan kepemilikan atas aset milik atau yang menjadi hak-hak bank dan/atau kewajiban bank;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan penyertaan modal sementara;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menjual atau mengalihkan aset bank tanpa persetujuan Nasabah Debitur dan/atau kewajiban bank tanpa persetujuan Nasabah Kreditur;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengalihkan manajemen bank kepada pihak lain;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan merger atau konsolidasi dengan bank lain;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt;                &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan pengalihan kepemilikan bank; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;g.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;meninjau ulang, membatalkan, mengakhiri, dan/atau mengubah kontrak bank yang mengikat bank dengan pihak ketiga, yang menurut LPS merugikan bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 27&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Seluruh biaya penyelamatan bank yang dikeluarkan oleh LPS menjadi penyertaan modal sementara LPS pada bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal ekuitas bank bernilai positif pada saat penyerahan kepada LPS sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 25, LPS dan pemegang saham lama membuat perjanjian yang mengatur penggunaan hasil penjualan saham bank setelah penyelamatan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal ekuitas bank bernilai nol atau negatif pada saat penyerahan kepada LPS sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 25, pemegang saham lama tidak memiliki hak atas hasil penjualan saham bank setelah penyelamatan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 29&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam perjanjian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 28 ayat (1) diatur mengenai penggunaan hasil penjualan saham bank yang telah diselamatkan dengan urutan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pengembalian seluruh biaya penyelamatan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh LPS;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pengembalian kepada pemegang saham lama sebesar ekuitas pada saat penyerahan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 25.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Apabila setelah penggunaan hasil penjualan saham bank sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) masih ada sisa, maka dibagi secara proporsional kepada LPS dan pemegang saham lama sesuai dengan perbandingan huruf a dan huruf b pada ayat (1).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS wajib menjual seluruh saham bank yang diselamatkan dalam jangka waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun sejak penyerahan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 25.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penjualan saham sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan secara terbuka dan transparan, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan tingkat pengembalian yang optimal bagi LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tingkat pengembalian yang optimal sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) paling sedikit sebesar seluruh penempatan modal sementara yang dikeluarkan oleh LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal tingkat pengembalian yang optimal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) dan ayat (3) tidak dapat diwujudkan dalam jangka waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun, jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat diperpanjang sebanyak-banyaknya 2 (dua) kali dengan masing-masing perpanjangan selama 1 (satu) tahun.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal tingkat pengembalian yang optimal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) dan ayat (3) tidak dapat diwujudkan dalam jangka waktu perpanjangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (4), maka LPS menjual saham bank tanpa memperhatikan ketentuan ayat (3) dalam waktu 1 (satu) tahun berikutnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Ketiga&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bank Gagal yang Tidak Berdampak Sistemik yang Tidak Diselamatkan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 31&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal tidak terpenuhinya persyaratan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 24 atau LPS memutuskan untuk tidak melanjutkan proses penyelamatan, maka LPS meminta pencabutan izin usaha bank dimaksud sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS melaksanakan pembayaran klaim Penjaminan kepada Nasabah Penyimpan bank yang dicabut izin usahanya sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam Bab IV Bagian Keempat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Keempat&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Penanganan Bank Gagal yang Berdampak Sistemik dengan Penyetoran Modal oleh Pemegang Saham&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 32&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penanganan Bank Gagal yang berdampak sistemik dilakukan oleh LPS dengan mengikutsertakan pemegang saham (open bank assistance).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 33&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penanganan Bank Gagal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 32 hanya dapat dilakukan apabila:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pemegang saham Bank Gagal telah menyetor modal sekurang-kurangnya 20% (dua puluh perseratus) dari perkiraan biaya penanganan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;ada pernyataan dari RUPS bank yang sekurang-kurangnya memuat kesediaan untuk:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menyerahkan kepada LPS hak dan wewenang RUPS;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menyerahkan kepada LPS kepengurusan bank; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tidak menuntut LPS atau pihak yang ditunjuk LPS dalam hal proses penanganan tidak berhasil, sepanjang LPS atau pihak yang ditunjuk LPS melakukan tugasnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bank menyerahkan kepada LPS, dokumen mengenai:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;penggunaan fasilitas pendanaan dari Bank Indonesia;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;data keuangan Nasabah Debitur;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;struktur permodalan dan susunan pemegang saham 3 (tiga) tahun terakhir; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;4)&lt;/font&gt;             &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;informasi lainnya yang terkait dengan aset, kewajiban, dan permodalan bank, yang dibutuhkan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai persyaratan penanganan bank sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), diatur dengan Peraturan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 34&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Terhitung sejak LPS menetapkan untuk melakukan penanganan Bank Gagal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 33, maka berdasarkan Undang-Undang ini:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pemegang saham dan pengurus bank melepaskan dan menyerahkan kepada LPS segala hak, kepemilikan, kepengurusan dan/atau kepentingan lain pada bank dimaksud; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pemegang saham dan pengurus bank tidak dapat menuntut LPS atau pihak yang ditunjuk LPS dalam hal proses penanganan tidak berhasil, sepanjang LPS atau pihak yang ditunjuk LPS melakukan tugasnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 35&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal ekuitas bank bernilai positif setelah pemegang saham lama melakukan penyetoran modal sementara, LPS dan pemegang saham lama membuat perjanjian yang mengatur penggunaan hasil penjualan saham bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal ekuitas bank bernilai nol atau negatif setelah pemegang saham lama melakukan penyetoran modal, pemegang saham lama tidak memiliki hak atas hasil penjualan saham bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 36&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam perjanjian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 35 ayat (1) diatur mengenai penggunaan hasil penjualan saham bank dengan urutan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pengembalian seluruh biaya penanganan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh LPS;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pengembalian kepada pemegang saham lama sebesar ekuitas pada posisi sesaat setelah pemegang saham lama melakukan penyetoran modal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 33 huruf a.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Apabila setelah penggunaan hasil penjualan saham bank sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) masih ada sisa, maka dibagi secara proporsional kepada LPS dan pemegang saham lama sesuai dengan perbandingan huruf a dan huruf b pada ayat (1).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 37&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS bertanggung jawab atas kekurangan biaya penanganan Bank Gagal setelah pemegang saham lama melakukan penyetoran modal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 33 huruf a.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Biaya penanganan Bank Gagal yang dikeluarkan oleh LPS menjadi penyertaan modal sementara LPS pada bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 38&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS wajib menjual seluruh saham bank dalam penanganan paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun sejak penyerahan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 34 huruf a.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penjualan saham sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan secara terbuka dan transparan, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan tingkat pengembalian yang optimal bagi LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tingkat pengembalian yang optimal sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) paling sedikit sebesar seluruh penempatan modal sementara yang dikeluarkan oleh LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal tingkat pengembalian yang optimal sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dan ayat (3) tidak dapat diwujudkan dalam jangka waktu paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun, jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat diperpanjang sebanyak-banyaknya 2 (dua) kali dengan masing-masing perpanjangan selama 1 (satu) tahun.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal tingkat pengembalian yang optimal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) dan ayat (3) tidak dapat diwujudkan dalam jangka waktu perpanjangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (4), maka LPS menjual saham bank tanpa memperhatikan ketentuan ayat (3) dalam jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun berikutnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Kelima&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Penanganan Bank Gagal yang Berdampak Sistemik Tanpa Penyetoran Modal oleh Pemegang Saham&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 39&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal penanganan Bank Gagal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 32 tidak dapat dilakukan, LPS melakukan penanganan Bank Gagal dimaksud tanpa mengikutsertakan pemegang saham.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 40&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Terhitung sejak LPS menetapkan untuk melakukan penanganan Bank Gagal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 39, maka berdasarkan Undang-Undang ini:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS mengambil alih segala hak dan wewenang RUPS, kepemilikan, kepengurusan, dan/atau kepentingan lain pada bank dimaksud;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemegang saham dan pengurus bank tidak dapat menuntut LPS atau pihak yang ditunjuk oleh LPS dalam hal penanganan tidak berhasil, sepanjang LPS atau pihak yang ditunjuk LPS melakukan tugasnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 41&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setelah LPS mengambil alih segala hak dan wewenang RUPS, kepemilikan, kepengurusan, dan/atau kepentingan lain pada bank tersebut sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 40 huruf a, LPS dapat melakukan tindakan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 26.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Seluruh biaya penanganan Bank Gagal yang dikeluarkan oleh LPS menjadi penyertaan modal sementara LPS pada bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai penanganan Bank Gagal sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), diatur dalam Peraturan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 42&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS wajib menjual seluruh saham bank dalam penanganan paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun sejak dimulainya penanganan Bank Gagal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 39.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penjualan saham sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan secara terbuka dan transparan, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan tingkat pengembalian yang optimal bagi LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tingkat pengembalian yang optimal sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) paling sedikit sebesar seluruh penempatan modal sementara yang dikeluarkan oleh LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal tingkat pengembalian yang optimal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) dan ayat (3) tidak dapat diwujudkan dalam jangka waktu paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun, jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat diperpanjang sebanyak-banyaknya 2 (dua) kali dengan masing-masing perpanjangan selama 1 (satu) tahun.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam, hal tingkat pengembalian yang optimal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) dan ayat (3) tidak dapat diwujudkan dalam jangka waktu perpanjangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (4), maka LPS menjual saham bank tanpa memperhatikan ketentuan ayat (3) dalam jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun berikutnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal ekuitas bank bernilai positif pada saat penyerahan kepada LPS sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 40 huruf a, maka dalam rangka penggunaan hasil penjualan saham bank dimaksud berlaku ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 29.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(7)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal ekuitas bank bernilai nol atau negatif pada saat penyerahan kepada LPS sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 40 huruf a, pemegang saham lama tidak memiliki hak atas hasil penjualan saham bank setelah penanganan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB VI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;LIKUIDASI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Pertama&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Likuidasi Bank Gagal oleh LPS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 43&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam rangka melakukan likuidasi Bank Gagal yang dicabut izin usahanya, ITS melakukan tindakan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan kewenangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 6 ayat (2);&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;memberikan talangan untuk pembayaran gaji pegawai yang terutang dan talangan pesangon pegawai sebesar jumlah minimum pesangon sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan tindakan yang diperlukan dalam rangka pengamanan aset bank sebelum proses likuidasi dimulai; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;memutuskan pembubaran badan hukum bank, membentuk tim likuidasi, dan menyatakan status bank sebagai bank dalam likuidasi, berdasarkan kewenangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada huruf a.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 44&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota tim likuidasi sebanyak-banyaknya 9 (sembilan) orang.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal diperlukan, salah satu anggota direksi, dewan komisaris, atau pemegang saham lama dapat ditunjuk sebagai anggota tim likuidasi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 45&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Keputusan pembubaran badan hukum bank sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 43 huruf d wajib:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;didaftarkan dalam daftar perusahaan dan di panitera pengadilan negeri yang meliputi tempat kedudukan bank yang bersangkutan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;diumumkan dalam Berita Negara Republik Indonesia dan 2 (dua) surat kabar harian yang mempunyai peredaran luas; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;diberitahukan kepada instansi yang berwenang.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pengumuman sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf b memuat pula pernyataan bahwa seluruh aset bank dalam likuidasi berada dalam tanggung jawab dan pengurusan tim likuidasi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 46&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pelaksanaan likuidasi bank dilakukan oleh tim likuidasi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dengan terbentuknya tim likuidasi tanggung jawab dan kepengurusan bank dalam likuidasi dilaksanakan oleh tim likuidasi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, tim likuidasi berwenang mewakili bank dalam likuidasi dalam segala hal yang berkaitan dalam penyelesaian hak dan kewajiban bank tersebut.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 47&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Sejak terbentuknya tim likuidasi, direksi dan dewan komisaris bank dalam likuidasi menjadi non aktif.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemegang saham, direksi, dan dewan komisaris serta pegawai dan mantan pegawai bank dalam likuidasi berkewajiban untuk setiap saat membantu memberikan segala data dan informasi yang diperlukan oleh tim likuidasi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemegang saham, direksi, dan dewan komisaris serta pegawai bank dalam likuidasi dilarang secara langsung atau tidak langsung menghambat proses likuidasi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 48&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pelaksanaan likuidasi bank oleh tim likuidasi wajib diselesaikan dalam jangka waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun terhitung sejak tanggal pembentukan tim likuidasi dan dapat diperpanjang oleh LPS paling banyak 2 (dua) kali masing-masing paling lama 1 (satu) tahun.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 49&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pengawasan atas pelaksanaan likuidasi bank dilakukan oleh LPS Pasal 50 Dalam hal terdapat sengketa dalam proses likuidasi, maka sengketa dimaksud diselesaikan melalui pengadilan niaga sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 50&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal terdapat sengketa dalam proses likuidasi, maka sengketa dimaksud diselesaikan melalui pengadilan niaga sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 51&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam melaksanakan tugas, dan wewenangnya, anggota tim likuidasi secara sendiri-sendiri atau bersama-sama dilarang melakukan tindakan untuk keuntungan diri sendiri atau pihak lain yang tidak berhak.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota tim likuidasi bertanggung jawab secara pribadi apabila dalam melaksanakan tugasnya melanggar ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 52&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk kepentingan aset atau kewajiban bank dalam likuidasi, tim likuidasi dapat meminta pembatalan kepada pengadilan niaga atas segala perbuatan hukum bank yang mengakibatkan berkurangnya aset atau bertambahnya kewajiban bank, yang dilakukan dalam jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun sebelum pencabutan izin usaha.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dikecualikan dari ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) adalah perbuatan hukum bank yang bersangkutan yang wajib dilakukan berdasarkan Undang-Undang.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 53&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Likuidasi bank dilakukan dengan cara:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pencairan aset dan/atau penagihan piutang kepada para debitur diikuti dengan pembayaran kewajiban bank kepada para kreditur dari hasil pencairan dan/atau penagihan tersebut; atau&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pengalihan aset dan kewajiban bank kepada pihak lain berdasarkan persetujuan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 54&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pembayaran kewajiban bank kepada para kreditur dari hasil pencairan dan/atau penagihan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 53 dilakukan dengan urutan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;penggantian atas talangan pembayaran gaji pegawai yang terutang;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;penggantian atas pembayaran talangan pesangon pegawai;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;biaya perkara di pengadilan, biaya lelang yang terutang, dan biaya operasional kantor;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;biaya penyelamatan yang dikeluarkan oleh LPS dan/atau pembayaran atas klaim Penjaminan yang harus dibayarkan oleh LPS;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pajak yang terutang;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt;                &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bagian Simpanan dari nasabah penyimpan yang tidak dibayarkan penjaminannya dan Simpanan dari nasabah penyimpan yang tidak dijamin; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;g.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;hak dari kreditur lainnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Segala biaya yang berkaitan dengan likuidasi dan tercantum dalam daftar biaya likuidasi menjadi beban aset bank dalam likuidasi dan dikeluarkan terlebih dahulu dari setiap hasil pencairannya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Honorarium tim likuidasi yang termasuk salah satu komponen dalam biaya sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) ditetapkan dengan berpedoman pada Peraturan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Apabila seluruh kewajiban bank dalam likuidasi telah dibayarkan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) masih terdapat sisa hasil likuidasi, maka sisa tersebut diserahkan kepada pemegang saham lama.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Apabila seluruh aset bank telah habis dalam proses likuidasi dan masih terdapat kewajiban bank terhadap pihak lain, maka kewajiban tersebut wajib dibayarkan oleh pemegang saham lama yang terbukti menyebabkan bank menjadi Bank Gagal.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 55&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setelah selesai menyelesaikan proses likuidasi sesuai dengan cara sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 53 atau paling lama dalam jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 48, tim likuidasi menyampaikan neraca akhir likuidasi dan mempertanggungjawabkan pelaksanaan tugasnya kepada LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 56&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setelah menerima pertanggungjawaban tim likuidasi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 55, LPS:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;meminta tim likuidasi:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1)&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengumumkan berakhirnya likuidasi dengan menempatkan dalam Berita Negara Republik Indonesia dan dalam 2 (dua) surat kabar harian yang mempunyai peredaran luas;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2)&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;memberitahukan kepada instansi yang berwenang agar nama badan hukum bank tersebut dicoret dari daftar perusahaan; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;membubarkan tim likuidasi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 57&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tagihan yang timbul setelah proses likuidasi selesai dapat diajukan terhadap sisa hasil likuidasi yang menjadi hak pemegang saham.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 58&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Status badan hukum bank yang dilikuidasi hapus sejak tanggal pengumuman berakhirnya likuidasi dalam Berita Negara Republik Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 56 huruf a angka 1.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 59&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam, hal kantor cabang dari bank yang berkedudukan di luar negeri dicabut izin usahanya oleh LPP, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;seluruh aset kantor cabang yang bersangkutan terlebih dahulu digunakan untuk pembayaran seluruh kewajibannya di Indonesia;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;kantor pusat bank yang bersangkutan bertanggung jawab atas pemenuhan kewajiban kantor cabangnya di Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam melaksanakan ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), LPS membentuk tim penyelesai yang memiliki hak, kewajiban, dan kewenangan seperti halnya tim likuidasi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam melaksanakan ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf b, LPS bekerja sama dengan LPP.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Batas waktu penyelesaian kewajiban sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) bagi kantor cabang dari bank yang berkedudukan di luar negeri paling lambat 2 (dua) tahun sejak terbentuknya tim penyelesai dan dapat diperpanjang oleh LPS paling lama 1 (satu) tahun.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 60&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal menurut LPS, anggota tim likuidasi tidak menjalankan tugas dengan baik dan/atau melakukan pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan perundang-undangan, LPS memberhentikan yang bersangkutan dan menunjuk penggantinya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Kedua&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Likuidasi Bank oleh Pemegang Saham&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 61&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Likuidasi bank yang dicabut izin usahanya atas permintaan pemegang saham sendiri dilakukan oleh pemegang saham yang bersangkutan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS tidak membayar klaim Penjaminan Nasabah Penyimpan dari bank yang dicabut izin usahanya atas permintaan pemegang saham sendiri sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB VII&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;ORGANISASI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Pertama&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Organ LPS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 62&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Organ LPS terdiri atas Dewan Komisioner dan Kepala Eksekutif.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 63&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner adalah pimpinan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner merumuskan dan menetapkan kebijakan serta melakukan pengawasan dalam rangka pelaksanaan tugas dan wewenang LPS sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang ini.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner dipimpin oleh seorang Ketua Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tata tertib dan tata cara pelaksanaan tugas dan wewenang Dewan Komisioner ditetapkan dalam Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 64&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Salah satu anggota Dewan Komisioner yang ditetapkan sebagai Kepala Eksekutif bertugas melaksanakan kegiatan operasional LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tugas dan wewenang Kepala Eksekutif ditetapkan dalam Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Kedua&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 65&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisioner berjumlah 6 (enam) orang, yang terdiri atas:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1 (satu) orang pejabat setingkat eselon I Departemen Keuangan yang ditunjuk oleh Menteri Keuangan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1 (satu) orang unsur pimpinan LPP yang ditunjuk oleh pimpinan LPP;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1 (satu) orang dari unsur pimpinan Bank Indonesia yang ditunjuk oleh pimpinan Bank Indonesia;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3 (tiga) orang anggota yang berasal dari dalam dan/atau dari luar LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisioner sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diangkat oleh Presiden atas usul Menteri Keuangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jumlah calon anggota Dewan Komisioner sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf d diusulkan oleh Menteri Keuangan sebanyak 2 (dua) orang untuk setiap anggota Dewan Komisioner yang akan diangkat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal calon yang diusulkan oleh Menteri Keuangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) untuk setiap anggota Dewan Komisioner yang akan diangkat tidak disetujui oleh Presiden, Menteri Keuangan mengusulkan 2 (dua) calon lain dalam waktu paling lambat 14 (empat belas) hari sejak tanggal penolakan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 66&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Salah seorang dari anggota Dewan Komisioner sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 65 ayat (1) huruf d, ditetapkan oleh Presiden sebagai Ketua Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Salah seorang dari anggota Dewan Komisioner sebagaimana, dimaksud dalam Pasal 65 ayat (1) huruf d yang bukan Ketua Dewan Komisioner, ditetapkan oleh Presiden sebagai Kepala Eksekutif.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisioner diangkat untuk masa jabatan 5 (lima) tahun dan hanya dapat diangkat kembali untuk 1 (satu) kali untuk masa jabatan berikutnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisioner sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 65 ayat (1) huruf d melakukan tugas secara penuh waktu dan tidak diperbolehkan menduduki jabatan eksekutif di tempat lain, kecuali merupakan penugasan sehubungan dengan jabatan yang dipegang atau merupakan bagian dari kegiatan sosial.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 67&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk dapat diangkat sebagai anggota Dewan Komisioner harus memenuhi syarat-syarat sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;warga negara Indonesia;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mampu melakukan perbuatan hukum;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;sehat jasmani dan rohani;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;berusia setinggi-tingginya 63 tahun;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bukan sebagai konsultan, pegawai, pengurus, dan/atau pemilik bank baik langsung maupun tidak langsung;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt;                &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bukan pengurus partai politik;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;g.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;memiliki pengalaman dan/atau keahlian di bidang ekonomi, keuangan, perbankan, dan/atau hukum;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;h.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tidak pernah dipidana penjara karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;i.&lt;/font&gt;                &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tidak pernah dinyatakan pailit atau tidak pernah menjadi pengurus bank/perusahaan yang menyebabkan bank/perusahaan tersebut pailit atau dilikuidasi; dan&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;j.&lt;/font&gt;                &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tidak dinyatakan sebagai orang perseorangan yang tercela di bidang perbankan dan jasa keuangan lainnya berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 68&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Sesama anggota Dewan Komisioner dilarang mempunyai hubungan keluarga sampai derajat kedua atau besan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 69&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisioner hanya dapat diberhentikan oleh Presiden apabila:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;berhalangan tetap;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;masa jabatannya berakhir;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengundurkan diri;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tidak hadir dalam rapat Dewan Komisioner sebanyak 4 kali berturut-turut tanpa alasan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tidak menjalankan tugasnya sebagai anggota Dewan Komisioner lebih dari 6 (enam) bulan meskipun dengan alasan yang dapat dipertimbangkan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt;                &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;memiliki hubungan keluarga sampai dengan derajat kedua atau besan dengan anggota Dewan Komisioner yang lain, dan tidak ada satu pun yang mengundurkan diri; atau&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;g.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tidak lagi memenuhi syarat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 67.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisioner sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 65 ayat (1) huruf a, huruf b, dan huruf c diberhentikan dari jabatannya karena alasan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) atau tidak lagi menjadi pejabat setingkat eselon I di Departemen Keuangan, anggota unsur pimpinan LPP atau anggota unsur pimpinan Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemberhentian sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dan ayat (2) ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Presiden, berdasarkan usulan dari Menteri Keuangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemberhentian anggota Dewan Komisioner dan pengusulan anggota yang baru harus dilakukan sedemikian rupa hingga jumlah anggota Dewan Komisioner sekurang-kurangnya 3 (tiga) orang.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal anggota Dewan Komisioner diberhentikan, anggota Dewan Komisioner penggantinya harus ditetapkan dalam waktu paling lambat 3 (tiga) bulan sejak tanggal pemberhentian.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Masa jabatan anggota Dewan Komisioner yang diangkat untuk menggantikan anggota yang diberhentikan bukan karena berakhirnya masa jabatan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf c adalah sisa masa jabatan anggota Dewan Komisioner yang digantikannya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner berwenang mewakili LPS di dalam dan di luar pengadilan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner dapat mendelegasikan wewenang sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) kepada Kepala Eksekutif atau anggota Dewan Komisioner lain, dengan atau tanpa hak substitusi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai pendelegasian wewenang sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) diatur dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 71&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner wajib mengadakan rapat secara berkala sekurang-kurangnya 1 (satu) bulan sekali dengan agenda yang memuat:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menetapkan kebijakan Penjaminan Simpanan Nasabah berdasarkan Undang-Undang ini;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menetapkan kebijakan LPS dalam mendukung stabilitas sistem perbankan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Penjaminan Simpanan Nasabah dan pelaksanaan peran LPS dalam mendukung stabilitas sistem perbankan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menerima dan mengevaluasi hal-hal lain yang dilaporkan Kepala Eksekutif; dan/atau&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;hal-hal lain yang berhubungan dengan tugas LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketua Dewan Komisioner memimpin rapat-rapat Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal Ketua Dewan Komisioner berhalangan sehingga yang bersangkutan tidak dapat memimpin rapat, Ketua Dewan Komisioner dapat menunjuk anggota Dewan Komisioner lainnya untuk memimpin rapat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal Ketua Dewan Komisioner berhalangan sehingga yang bersangkutan tidak dapat memimpin rapat dan tidak dapat menunjuk anggota Dewan Komisioner untuk memimpin rapat, maka anggota Dewan Komisioner lainnya secara musyawarah untuk mufakat memilih salah satu di antara mereka untuk memimpin rapat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai tata cara penyelenggaraan rapat Dewan Komisioner diatur dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pengambilan keputusan Dewan Komisioner dilakukan atas dasar musyawarah untuk mencapai mufakat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal musyawarah untuk mencapai mufakat sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak tercapai, keputusan ditetapkan berdasarkan suara terbanyak.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam pengambilan keputusan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) dan ayat (2), Kepala Eksekutif tidak memiliki hak suara.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Keputusan Dewan Komisioner sah apabila berdasarkan rapat Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Rapat Dewan Komisioner dinyatakan sah apabila dihadiri sekurang-kurangnya oleh lebih dari separuh anggota Dewan Komisioner yang memiliki hak suara.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Keputusan Dewan Komisioner mengikat seluruh anggota Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(7)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Semua catatan dan data termasuk argumentasi yang di kemukakan oleh anggota Dewan Komisioner dalam pengambilan keputusan Dewan Komisioner wajib dimuat dalam risalah rapat dan wajib ditandatangani oleh semua anggota Dewan Komisioner yang hadir.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(8)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai tata cara pengambilan keputusan Dewan Komisioner diatur dalam Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 73&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal anggota Dewan Komisioner mempunyai kepentingan pribadi, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung, yang dapat menimbulkan benturan kepentingan dengan objek yang akan diputuskan, yang bersangkutan tidak boleh memberikan suara dalam pengambilan keputusan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 72 ayat (1) dan ayat (2).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 74&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner menetapkan struktur organisasi, uraian tugas dan jabatan, serta prosedur operasional LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner membentuk komite audit, komite informasi, dan komite lainnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Struktur organisasi, uraian tugas dan jabatan, prosedur operasional LPS sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dan pembentukan, keanggotaan, dan tugas komite sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 75&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner dapat mendelegasikan tugas dan/atau wewenang pelaksanaan operasional LPS kepada pegawai LPS dan/atau pihak lain yang khusus ditunjuk untuk itu, kecuali wewenang pendelegasian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 70.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam melaksanakan tugas dan/atau wewenang yang didelegasikan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), pegawai yang menerima pendelegasian harus melaksanakan sesuai dengan delegasi yang diberikan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai pendelegasian tugas dan/atau wewenang sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) dan ayat (2) ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 76&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Gaji, tunjangan lainnya, dan fasilitas bagi Ketua dan anggota Dewan Komisioner ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Besarnya gaji dan tunjangan lainnya bagi Ketua Dewan Komisioner sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditetapkan paling banyak 2 (dua) kali dari gaji dan tunjangan lainnya dari pegawai dengan jabatan tertinggi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Ketiga&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Kepala Eksekutif dan Direktur&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 77&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kepala Eksekutif dibantu oleh sebanyak-banyaknya 5 (lima) orang direktur.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Direktur sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diangkat dan diberhentikan oleh Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kepala Eksekutif dan direktur sekurang-kurangnya menjalankan fungsi penjaminan, manajemen risiko, hukum, keuangan, penyelamatan, likuidasi, dan administrasi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kepala Eksekutif dapat mendelegasikan tugas dan/atau wewenangnya kepada pejabat dan/atau pegawai LPS, kecuali wewenang pendelegasian.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai jumlah direktur, persyaratan dan tata cara pengangkatan direktur, serta pembagian tugas direktur ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Bagian Keempat&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Kepegawaian&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 78&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner menetapkan sistem kepegawaian, sistem penggajian, penghargaan, program pensiun dan tunjangan hari tua, serta penghasilan lainnya bagi pegawai LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kepala Eksekutif mengangkat dan memberhentikan pegawai LPS selain direktur.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pelaksanaan ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pelaksanaan ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Kepala Eksekutif.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 79&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap anggota Dewan Komisioner atau mantan anggota Dewan Komisioner, Kepala Eksekutif atau mantan Kepala Eksekutif, dan/atau pegawai LPS atau mantan pegawai LPS, diwajibkan untuk membayar ganti rugi kepada pihak lain, maka sepanjang yang bersangkutan melaksanakan tugas, wewenang, dan/atau fungsi tersebut sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, LPS membayar ganti rugi dimaksud.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Biaya penyelesaian perkara sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditanggung oleh LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 80&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pegawai LPS yang memiliki kepentingan pribadi terhadap suatu bank, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung, yang dapat menimbulkan benturan kepentingan dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya, dilarang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan tugas yang berkaitan dengan bank dimaksud.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB VIII&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KEKAYAAN, PEMBIAYAAN, DAN PENGELOLAAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 81&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Modal awal LPS ditetapkan sekurang-kurangnya Rp 4.000.000.000.000,00 (empat triliun rupiah) dan sebesar-besarnya Rp 8.000.000.000.000,00 (delapan triliun rupiah).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kekayaan LPS merupakan aset negara yang dipisahkan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS bertanggung jawab atas pengelolaan dan penatausahaan semua asetnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 82&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kekayaan LPS berbentuk investasi dan bukan investasi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kekayaan yang berbentuk investasi hanya dapat ditempatkan pada surat berharga yang diterbitkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dan/atau Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS tidak dapat menempatkan investasi pada bank atau perusahaan lainnya, kecuali dalam bentuk penyertaan modal sementara dalam rangka penyelamatan atau penanganan Bank Gagal.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS dapat menempatkan kekayaan bukan investasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan operasionalnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 83&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Surplus yang diperoleh LPS dari kegiatan operasional selama 1 (satu) tahun dialokasikan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;20% (dua puluh perseratus) untuk cadangan tujuan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;80% (delapan puluh perseratus) diakumulasikan sebagai cadangan penjaminan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal akumulasi cadangan penjaminan mencapai tingkat sasaran sebesar 2,5% (dua puluh lima perseribu) dari total Simpanan pada seluruh bank, bagian surplus sebagaimana diatur pada ayat (1) huruf b merupakan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai surplus dan penggunaannya sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 84&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Defisit yang terjadi karena pembayaran klaim penjaminan dalam 1 (satu) tahun diperhitungkan sebagai pengurang cadangan penjaminan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal cadangan penjaminan tidak mencukupi, maka defisit sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diperhitungkan sebagai pengurang modal LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 85&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal modal LPS kurang dari modal awal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 81 ayat (1), Pemerintah dengan persetujuan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat menutup kekurangan tersebut.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal LPS mengalami kesulitan likuiditas, LPS dapat memperoleh pinjaman dari Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai tingkat likuiditas sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) ditetapkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB IX&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;RENCANA KERJA DAN ANGGARAN TAHUNAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 86&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam jangka waktu paling lambat 3 (tiga) bulan sebelum tahun buku mulai, berlaku, Kepala Eksekutif menyampaikan Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Tahunan untuk mendapat persetujuan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bersamaan dengan penyampaian Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Tahunan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), Kepala Eksekutif menyampaikan pula evaluasi pelaksanaan anggaran tahun berjalan kepada Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bentuk dan susunan Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Tahunan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB X&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PELAPORAN DAN AKUNTABILITAS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 87&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner menyampaikan Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Tahunan yang telah disetujui, serta evaluasi pelaksanaan anggaran tahun berjalan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 86 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) kepada Presiden dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 88&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS wajib menyusun laporan tahunan untuk setiap tahun yang berakhir pada tanggal 31 Desember.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Laporan tahunan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) terdiri dari laporan kegiatan kerja dan laporan keuangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Laporan keuangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) diaudit oleh Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Hasil audit laporan keuangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) diterbitkan selambat-lambatnya tanggal 31 Maret tahun berikutnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bentuk dan susunan laporan tahunan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 89&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS wajib menyampaikan laporan tahunan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 88 kepada Presiden dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, paling lambat tanggal 30 April tahun berikutnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS wajib mengumumkan laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit pada sekurang-kurangnya 2 (dua) surat kabar harian yang memiliki peredaran luas, paling lambat tanggal 30 April tahun berikutnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bentuk dan susunan laporan keuangan yang diumumkan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB XI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;HUBUNGAN DENGAN LEMBAGA LAIN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 90&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam menjalankan tugasnya, LPS dapat bekerja sama dengan organisasi atau lembaga dalam negeri dan luar negeri.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS dapat bertindak sebagai anggota dari organisasi atau lembaga internasional mewakili Negara Republik Indonesia apabila terdapat ketentuan bahwa anggota dari organisasi atau lembaga internasional tersebut mengharuskan atas nama Negara.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB XII&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KERAHASIAAN DATA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 91&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan Komisioner, Kepala Eksekutif, pegawai LPS, atau setiap pihak yang bertugas untuk dan atas nama LPS wajib merahasiakan semua dokumen, informasi, dan catatan yang diperoleh atau dihasilkan dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya yang harus dirahasiakan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dikecualikan dari ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) adalah perbuatan hukum Dewan Komisioner, Kepala Eksekutif, pegawai LPS, atau setiap pihak yang bertugas untuk dan atas nama LPS yang dilakukan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB XIII&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;SANKSI ADMINISTRATIF DAN PIDANA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 92&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS menjatuhkan sanksi administratif pada bank yang melanggar ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 huruf c dan huruf d.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Sanksi administratif sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) berupa denda administratif dan/atau bunga.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pengenaan sanksi administratif sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) harus memenuhi ketentuan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;terhadap pelanggaran ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 huruf c, ditetapkan paling tinggi 150% (seratus lima puluh perseratus) dari jumlah premi yang seharusnya dibayar untuk setiap periode termasuk bunga;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;terhadap pelanggaran ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 huruf d, dikenakan denda Rp 1.000.000,00 (satu juta rupiah) per hari keterlambatan penyampaian laporan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pengenaan denda administratif sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) dikenakan untuk jangka waktu paling lama 12 (dua belas) bulan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai tata cara pengenaan sanksi administratif ditetapkan dengan Peraturan LPS.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 93&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS menyampaikan informasi kepada LPP mengenai bank yang tidak memenuhi ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 dan Pasal 92.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 94&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Direksi, komisaris, dan/atau pemegang saham bank yang tidak memenuhi ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 huruf a, huruf b, huruf e, dan huruf f dan/atau menyebabkan bank tidak memenuhi ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 huruf a, huruf b, huruf e, dan huruf f serta Pasal 92, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 2 (dua) tahun dan paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun, serta denda paling sedikit Rp 2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp 3.000.000.000,00 (tiga miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Direksi, komisaris, dan/atau pemegang saham bank yang menyebabkan bank tidak memenuhi ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 huruf c dalam jangka waktu 12 (dua belas) bulan sejak batas waktu sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 12 ayat (2), dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 2 (dua) tahun dan paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun, serta denda paling sedikit Rp 2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp 3.000.000.000,00 (tiga miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 95&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemegang saham, direksi, dewan komisaris, pegawai, dan/atau pihak lain yang terkait dengan bank yang dicabut izin usahanya atau bank dalam likuidasi yang melanggar ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 16 ayat (5) dan/atau Pasal 47 ayat (2) atau ayat (3) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 1 (satu) tahun dan paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun, serta denda paling sedikit Rp 2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp 3.000.000.000,00 (tiga miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisioner, Kepala Eksekutif dan pegawai LPS, atau pihak lain yang ditunjuk atau disetujui oleh LPS untuk melakukan tugas tertentu, yang melanggar ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 91 ayat (1), dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 1 (satu) tahun dan paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun, serta denda paling sedikit Rp 2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp 3.000.000.000,00 (tiga miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setiap orang atau badan yang memberikan data, informasi, dan/atau laporan, yang berkaitan dengan penjaminan simpanan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 dan Pasal 7 yang tidak benar, palsu, dan/atau menyesatkan, dipidana dengan pidana, penjara paling singkat 1 (satu) tahun dan paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun, serta denda paling sedikit Rp 2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp 3.000.000.000,00 (tiga miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setiap orang atau badan yang menolak memberikan kepada LPS data, informasi, dan/atau dokumen sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 7 ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 1 (satu) tahun dan. paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun, serta denda paling sedikit Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp 3.000.000,000,00 (tiga miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB XIV&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN LAIN-LAIN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 96&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LPS melaksanakan fungsi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4 bagi bank berdasarkan prinsip syariah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai pelaksanaan fungsi LPS sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB XV&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN PERALIHAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 97&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pada saat berlakunya Undang-Undang ini, semua Bank yang telah memiliki izin usaha dinyatakan menjadi peserta Penjaminan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) wajib memenuhi ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 huruf a, huruf b, dan huruf c dalam jangka waktu paling lama 2 (dua) bulan sejak LPS beroperasi secara efektif.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 98&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Proses likuidasi yang dimulai sebelum berlakunya Undang-Undang ini tetap dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan mengenai likuidasi bank sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 25 Tahun 1999 tentang Pencabutan Izin Usaha, Pembubaran dan Likuidasi Bank.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Selama pengawasan perbankan masih diselenggarakan oleh Bank Indonesia, anggota Dewan Komisioner yang berasal dari LPP sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 65 ayat (1) huruf b dirangkap oleh anggota Dewan Komisioner dari Bank Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 65 ayat (1) huruf c.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Selama anggota Dewan Komisioner dari LPP dirangkap oleh anggota Dewan Komisioner dari Bank Indonesia, anggota Dewan Komisioner yang berasal dari dalam atau luar LPS berjumlah 4 (empat) orang.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB XVI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN PENUTUP&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 100&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 11 ayat (1) berlaku sejak 18 (delapan belas) bulan setelah Undang-Undang ini berlaku efektif.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam jangka waktu 18 (delapan belas) bulan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), berlaku penahapan nilai Simpanan yang dijamin sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;selama 6 (enam) bulan sejak Undang-Undang ini berlaku efektif, seluruh nilai Simpanan dijamin;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;6 (enam) bulan berikutnya sejak jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada huruf a berakhir, nilai Simpanan yang dijamin paling tinggi sebesar Rp 5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah);&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;6 (enam) bulan berikutnya sejak jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada huruf b berakhir, nilai Simpanan yang dijamin paling tinggi sebesar Rp 1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal terjadi keadaan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 11 ayat (2), penahapan nilai Simpanan yang dijamin sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dapat diubah dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 101&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk pertama kali, anggota Dewan Komisioner dan Kepala Eksekutif diangkat untuk masa jabatan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;anggota Dewan Komisioner yang merupakan ketua diangkat untuk masa jabatan 5 (lima) tahun;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kepala Eksekutif diangkat untuk masa jabatan 4 (empat) tahun;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;anggota Dewan Komisioner sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 65 ayat (1) huruf d yang bukan merupakan ketua diangkat untuk masa jabatan 3 (tiga) tahun.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 102&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai likuidasi bank dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 25 Tahun 1999 tentang Pencabutan Izin Usaha, Pembubaran, dan Likuidasi Bank tidak berlaku untuk likuidasi bank yang terjadi setelah Undang-Undang ini berlaku.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 103&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-Undang ini mulai berlaku efektif 12 (dua belas) bulan setelah diundangkan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Agar setiap orang mengetahuinya, memerintahkan pengundangan Undang-Undang ini dengan penempatannya dalam Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Disahkan Di Jakarta&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pada Tanggal 22 September 2004&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ttd.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;MEGAWATI SOEKARNO PUTRI&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Diundangkan Di Jakarta&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pada Tanggal 22 September 2004&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;SEKRETARIS NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ttd.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;BAMBANG KESOWO&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LEMBARAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 2004 NOMOR 96.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>UU No.32 tahun 1964 tentang Pengaturan Lalu-Lintas Devisa</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/UU+No.32+tahun+1964+tentang+Pengaturan+Lalu-Lintas+Devisa</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/UU+No.32+tahun+1964+tentang+Pengaturan+Lalu-Lintas+Devisa</guid><pubDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2007 00:43:13 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;NOMOR 32 TAHUN 1964&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;TENTANG&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PERATURAN LALU-LINTAS DEVISA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menimbang:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa dalam rangka penyusunan perekonomian pada taraf Nasional Demokratis menuju ke arah pembangunan Negara dan Masyarakat Sosialis Indonesia yang adil dan makmur berdasarkan Panca Sila sebagaimana digariskan dalam Manifesto Politik dan Deklarasi Ekonomi, perlu diganti peraturan-peraturan/ketentuan-ketentuan yang diwariskan dari kekuasaan Kolonial;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa devisa merupakan salah satu alat dan sumber pembiayaan yang penting untuk Negara dan oleh karena itu persoalan lalu-lintas devisa perlu diatur sebaik-baiknya untuk memperlancar lalu-lintas perdagangan/pembayaran dengan luar negeri dan untuk memperkuat kedudukan keuangan Negara dalam bidang devisa melalui pengerahan dana dan daya dari seluruh masyarakat;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa &amp;quot;Deviezen Ordonnantie 1940&amp;quot; dan &amp;quot;Deviezen Verordening 1940&amp;quot; menurut sifatnya dan maknanya bertentangan dengan peraturan devisa yang diperlukan pada tingkat Revolusi Indonesia dewasa ini, dan berhubung dengan itu perlu diganti dengan peraturan devisa baru untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan tersebut di atas.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Mengingat:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pasal 5 ayat 1, pasal 20 ayat 1, pasal 23 dan pasal 33 Undang-undang Dasar;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketetapan-ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara No. I/MPRS/1960, No. II/MPRS/1960 dan No. IV/MPRS/1963.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Dengan Persetujuan:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT GOTONG ROYONG,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;MEMUTUSKAN:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Mencabut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Deviezen Ordonnantie 1940&amp;quot; (Staatsblad 1940 No. 205) dan &amp;quot;Deviezen Verordening 1940&amp;quot; (Staatsblad 1940 No. 291) kedua-duanya sebagaimana telah diubah dan ditambah;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menetapkan:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG PERATURAN LALU-LINTAS DEVISA, sebagai berikut: &lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB I&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN-KETENTUAN UMUM&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam menjalankan Undang-undang ini dan peraturan yang didasarkan atasnya, maka yang diartikan dengan istilah:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan adalah: Dewan Lalu-Lintas Devisa;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Biro adalah: Biro Lalu-Lintas Devisa;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Emas adalah:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Mata uang emas, emas yang belum atau telah diolah, terkecuali emas yang berwujud perhiasan atau barang pakai.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Devisa adalah:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;saldo bank dalam valuta asing yang mempunyai catatan kurs resmi dari Bank Indonesia;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;valuta asing lainnya, tidak termasuk uang logam, yang mempunyai catatan kurs dari Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Effek adalah:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tanda pencatatan dalam buku pinjaman atau daftar saham, obligasi, surat gadai, saham dan tanda keuntungan termasuk talon, kupon dan bukti deviden.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;6.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Devisa adalah:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Indonesia dan Bank Negara lain, yang ditunjuk olehnya untuk menjual, membeli dan menyimpan devisa serta menyelenggarakan lalu-lintas pembayaran dengan luar negeri.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;  &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;41&quot;&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;7.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;526&quot;&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Badan Hukum Indonesia adalah:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Suatu badan hukum yang didirikan menurut hukum Indonesia dan disahkan oleh instansi yang berwajib menurut hukum itu, yayasan yang didirikan sesuai dengan hukum Indonesia, tidak termasuk badan hukum yang saham-sahamnya sebagian atau seluruhnya berada dalam tangan warga-negara asing atau badan hukum asing;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Badan Hukum Asing:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Suatu badan hukum yang tidak tercakup dalam sub a.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;8.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Impor adalah:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemasukan barang dari luar Indonesia ke dalam peredaran.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;9.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ekspor adalah:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pengiriman barang ke luar Indonesia dari peredaran.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dengan ekspor juga diartikan:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melaporkan barang untuk ekspor pada pegawai Bea dan Cukai yang bersangkutan;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menyerahkan barang kepada seorang pengusaha pengangkutan untuk diangkut ke luar negeri;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;memasukkan barang kedalam sebuah alat pengangkutan atau memasangnya pada sebuah alat pengangkutan atau mempunyai persediaan barang di dalam pengangkutan yang langsung atau tidak langsung akan diberangkatkan ke luar negeri, jikalau tidak dapat dianggap bahwa barang itu dimasukkan untuk tinggal di dalam negeri;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menyiapkan sebuah alat pengangkutan untuk berangkat jikalau alat itu jelas dimaksudkan untuk diekspor;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tidak membongkar barang ditempat yang telah ditentukan dalam masa waktu yang telah ditetapkan yang mungkin diperpanjang dalam hal barang itu menurut dokumen-dokumen yang telah diserahkan pada Bea dan Cukai atau yang telah dibuat berdasarkan keterangan lisan oleh Bea dan Cukai, sedang diangkut dari satu tempat di Indonesia ketempat tujuan yang lain didalam wilayah Indonesia, kecuali jikalau yang berkepentingan membuktikan bahwa barang itu telah dibongkar ditempat yang lain di Indonesia ataupun bahwa barang itu dalam perjalanan ketempat itu telah hilang.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB II&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PENGUASAAN DEVISA OLEH NEGARA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Devisa yang berasal dari kekayaan alam dan usaha Indonesia dikuasai oleh Negara seperti ditetapkan dalam pasal 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 dan 15 dari Undang-undang ini, dalam Peraturan Pemerintah untuk melaksanakan pasal yang tersebut terakhir dan dalam peraturan-peraturan pelaksanaan selanjutnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB III&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;DANA DEVISA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Devisa yang diharuskan untuk diserahkan menurut pasal 9 ayat (1) dan pasal 10 merupakan Dana Devisa.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dana Devisa ditatausahakan dan diurus oleh Bank Indonesia sebagai Bank Sentral.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB IV&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;DEWAN LALU-LINTAS DEVISA DAN BIRO LALU-LINTAS DEVISA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Agar devisa yang diperlukan guna pemeliharaan ekonomi masyarakat, peninggian tingkat hidup rakyat serta pembangunan Negara dalam arti materiil dan spiritual tersedia, maka wewenang pemupukan Dana Devisa dan pengaturan devisa lainnya dalam rangka suatu Anggaran Devisa ditugaskan pada suatu Dewan Lalu-Lintas Devisa yang diketuai oleh Perdana Menteri/Wakil-wakil Perdana Menteri, Menteri Koordinator Kompartemen Keuangan sebagai Wakil Ketua dan anggota-anggotanya terdiri dari Menteri Urusan Bank Sentral dan Menteri-menteri yang berkewajiban langsung dan ditetapkan lebih lanjut dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;  &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;41&quot;&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;526&quot;&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pelaksanaan tugas sehari-hari dari Dewan termaksud pada pasal 4 diatas diserahkan kepada Menteri Urusan Bank Sentral Gubernur Bank Indonesia;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Sebagai alat pelaksanaan dalam hal ini di Jakarta diadakan suatu Biro Lalu-Lintas Devisa yang pimpinannya ada ditangan Menteri Urusan Bank Sentral Gubernur Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Organisasi, tugas dan wewenang Biro selanjutnya ditetapkan oleh Menteri Urusan Bank Sentral Gubernur Bank Indonesia mengingat petunjuk-petunjuk dari Dewan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk menutup biaya-biaya yang diperlukan dapat dipungut retribusi yang besarnya dan cara memungutnya diatur oleh Dewan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Guna penyelenggaraan tugasnya seperti termaksud pada pasal 4 Pimpinan Biro dengan mengingat petunjuk-petunjuk Dewan berwenang untuk:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;memerintahkan setiap orang, badan hukum perseorangan, dan perserikatan orang lainnya yang berada di Indonesia supaya disampaikan kepadanya keterangan dan laporan mengenai transaksi dan lalu-lintas devisa dan lain-lainnya yang dianggap perlu.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;memerintahkan diadakannya penyelidikan oleh satu atau beberapa orang ahli atau badan yang ditunjuk olehnya. Barangsiapa diminta bantunnya guna penyelidikan termaksud, wajib memberikannya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB V&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;EKSPOR BARANG DAN PEMBERIAN JASA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ekspor barang yang berada di dalam wilayah Indonesia keluar negeri atau penjualan barang yang berada di luar Indonesia dan berasal dari Indonesia yang belum dijual harus dilakukan dengan menuntut pembayaran dalam devisa menurut harga dan syarat yang ditentukan dan diumumkan oleh Pimpinan Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penyerahan devisa kepada Dana Devisa yang caranya ditentukan di bawah ini berdasarkan atas harga termaksud dalam ayat (1). Harga ini dinamakan harga penyerahan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Barangsiapa hendak melakukan ekspor seperti termaksud dalam pasal 7 berkewajiban untuk menutup kontrak valuta dengan suatu bank devisa dan menyerahkan piutang itu kepada bank devisa, untuk diambil-alih atau ditagih pembayarannya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kontrak-valuta termaksud dalam ayat (1) terbatas pada jumlah valuta asing yang dihitung berdasarkan harga penyerahan dan harus ditagih dalam valuta yang sama jenisnya serta menyebutkan jangka waktu penyerahan seperti telah ditentukan oleh Pimpinan Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pada waktu mengirimkan barang ke luar negeri eksportir diwajibkan untuk menyampaikan kepada pejabat Bea dan Cukai setempat dari mana barang ekspor Indonesia akan dikirimkan keluar negeri suatu pemberitahuan tentang pengeluaran barang yang bentuknya ditetapkan oleh Pimpinan Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemberitahuan termaksud harus disusun sesederhana mungkin dan disampaikan dengan disertai kontrak-valuta sebagaimana termaksud dalam ayat (1)&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Barangsiapa telah mengekspor barang berkewajiban untuk:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menyerahkan dokumen yang dapat diperdagangkan dan yang membuktikan hak sipemegangnya atas barang yang diekspor kepada suatu bank devisa;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menjual jumlah valuta asing yang harus diserahkan kepada Dana Devisa kepada bank devisa, terkecuali yang mengekspor dapat membuktikan bahwa penjualan valuta asing termaksud belum atau tidak dapat dilakukan karena hal-hal di luar kekuasaannya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank devisa berkewajiban untuk membeli valuta asing itu yang diajukan kepadanya dengan membayar nilai lawan dalam Rupiah yang ditentukan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 10&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pimpinan Biro mengingat petunjuk-petunjuk Dewan menentukan dalam hal pemberian jasa manakah oleh warga-negara Indonesia dan badan Hukum Indonesia kepada luar negeri harus dituntut pembayaran dalam devisa yang untuk sebagian atau seluruhnya harus diserahkan kepada Dana Devisa menurut syarat yang ditentukan oleh Pimpinan Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penentuan demikian dapat pula dilakukan terhadap pemberian jasa oleh warga-negara asing atau badan hukum asing yang berada di Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pimpinan Biro dapat pula menunjuk sumber-sumber penerimaan devisa lainnya yang hasilnya harus diserahkan sebagian atau seluruhnya pada Dana Devisa.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal seperti termaksud dalam ayat (1) Pimpinan Biro dapat menentukan, bahwa setelah jumlah valuta asing yang harus diserahkan kepada Dana Devisa tersedia untuk yang telah memberikan jasa, valuta asing itu harus dijual kepada bank devisa.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank devisa berkewajiban untuk membeli valuta asing itu dengan membayar nilai lawan rupiah yang ditentukan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank devisa yang telah membeli valuta asing seperti termaksud dalam pasal 9 ayat (2) dan pasal 10 ayat (3) berkewajiban untuk menyerahkannya kepada Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penggantian nilai lawan dalam Rupiah untuk devisa yang diserahkan kepada Bank Indonesia ditetapkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB VI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;IMPOR BARANG DAN PENERIMAAN JASA DARI LUAR NEGERI ATAS BEBAN DANA DEVISA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Impor barang dari luar negeri atas beban Dana Devisa hanya boleh diadakan jikalau untuk itu telah dikeluarkan izin umum atau khusus oleh Pimpinan Biro dengan syarat yang ditentukan olehnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 13&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Barangsiapa telah mendapat izin untuk impor seperti dimaksud dalam pasal 12 berkewajiban untuk menutup kontrak-valuta dengan bank devisa untuk jumlah yang disediakan oleh Biro untuk impor barang tersebut dan harus berbunyi dalam valuta yang sama jenisnya serta menyebutkan jangka waktu pembayaran seperti telah ditentukan oleh Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pada waktu pemasukan barang dari luar negeri importir diwajibkan untuk menyampaikan kepada pejabat Bea dan Cukai setempat di mana barang impor akan dimasukkan suatu pemberitahuan tentang pemasukan barang yang bentuknya ditetapkan oleh Biro. Pemberitahuan itu harus disusun sesederhana mungkin dan disampaikan dengan disertai izin sebagaimana termaksud dalam ayat (1).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 14&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pengeluaran devisa lainnya daripada yang termaksud dalam pasal 12 atas beban Dana Devisa Negara hanya boleh dilakukan berdasarkan izin umum atau khusus yang dikeluarkan oleh Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perjanjian-perjanjian yang akan mengakibatkan beban atas Dana Devisa harus disetujui lebih dahulu oleh Menteri Urusan Bank Sentral/Gubernur Bank Indonesia. Jika persetujuan tidak diberikan kewajiban membayar hanya dapat dipenuhi dari devisa yang dimaksudkan dalam Bab VII.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB VII&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PENGUASAAN DEVISA YANG TIDAK DIHARUSKAN UNTUK LANGSUNG DISERAHKAN KEPADA DANA DEVISA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Segala sesuatu yang bertalian dengan penggunaan, pembebanan dan pemindahan hak atas devisa yang tidak diharuskan untuk langsung diserahkan kepada Dana Devisa menurut pasal 11 diatur berdasarkan rencana penggunaan devisa dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB VIII&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KEWAJIBAN MENDAFTAR DAN MENYIMPAN EFFEK&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Warga-negara Indonesia atau badan hukum Indonesia berkewajiban untuk menyimpan dalam simpanan terbuka effek yang berbunyi dalam mata uang lain daripada Rupiah, yang dimilikinya pada waktu peraturan ini mulai berlaku dan yang diperolehnya sesudah waktu itu, pada bank devisa Pemerintah atau pada korespondennya di luar negeri atas nama bank devisa Pemerintah bersangkutan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penyimpanan ini harus dilakukan dalam batas waktu enam bulan sesudah peraturan ini berlaku atau tiga bulan sesudah effek diperolehnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kewajiban tersebut dalam ayat (1) berlaku pula untuk warga-negara asing dan badan hukum asing untuk:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;effek yang berbunyi dalam mata uang Rupiah;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;effek yang berbunyi dalam mata uang lain daripada Rupiah, sekedar dimiliki sebelum Undang-undang ini berlaku.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank tersebut dalam ayat (1) berkewajiban untuk mendaftarkan effek yang disimpan padanya menurut petunjuk Pimpinan Biro, dengan ketentuan bahwa effek yang diajukan untuk disimpan setelah lewatnya jangka waktu yang ditetapkan diatas, hanya dapat didaftarkan dengan izin Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam menjalankan ketentuan dalam ayat (1) ditentukan bahwa effek yang dikeluarkan sebelum 29 Desember 1949 oleh badan hukum di Indonesia baik yang berwarga-negara Indonesia maupun asing, dianggap sebagai effek yang harus disimpan dalam simpanan terbuka.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Biro berwenang untuk menentukan bilamana effek yang telah disimpan dapat dikembalikan kepada yang berhak.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB IX&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;LARANGAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 17&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Impor dan ekspor mata uang Rupiah dilarang terkecuali dengan izin Pimpinan Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ekspor dari benda yang berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Emas,&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;uang kertas asing,&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;effek yang berbunyi dalam mata uang Rupiah, dilarang terkecuali dengan izin umum atau khusus dari Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pimpinan Biro dengan mengingat petunjuk-petunjuk Dewan dapat membatasi jumlah uang kertas asing yang dapat diimpor.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Effek yang berbunyi dalam mata uang lain daripada rupiah dilarang diekspor oleh warga-negara Indonesia, terkecuali dengan izin umum atau khusus dari Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Warga-negara asing atau badan hukum asing, dilarang untuk membeli dan memperoleh dengan cara dan dalam bentuk apapun juga effek yang berbunyi dalam mata uang Rupiah, terkecuali dengan izin umum atau khusus dari Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Warga-negara asing atau badan hukum asing dilarang untuk mengekspor effek termaksud dalam pasal 16 sub (2) (b), terkecuali dengan izin dari Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(7)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pimpinan Biro mengingat petunjuk-petunjuk Dewan dapat menentukan, bahwa warga-negara asing atau badan hukum asing tertentu dilarang untuk memperoleh kredit dari bank atau mengadakan pinjaman, termasuk mengeluarkan obligasi, saham, tanda pinjaman jangka panjang lainnya dan tanda pinjaman jangka pendek yang berbunyi dalam mata uang rupiah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB X&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN-KETENTUAN HUKUM PIDANA DEVISA DAN HUKUM ACARA PIDANA DEVISA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Terkecuali jika suatu perbuatan dengan nyata dalam Undang- undang ini disebut kejahatan atau pelanggaran pidana, semua perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan Undang-undang ini dan peraturan yang didasarkan atasnya dipandang sebagai pelanggaran administratif, yang hanya dikenakan denda administratif atau pidana administratif lain menurut ketentuan yang dikeluarkan oleh Pimpinan Biro mengingat petunjuk-petunjuk Dewan. Denda ini setinggi-tingginya berjumlah dua puluh lima juta rupiah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan mempunyai hak interpretasi yang tertinggi tentang Undang-undang ini dan tentang peraturan yang didasarkan atasnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan berwenang mengusulkan kepada Menteri/Jaksa Agung agar terhadap sesuatu tindak pidana berdasarkan Undang-undang ini tidak akan dilakukan penuntutan. Usul tersebut disertai dengan alasan-alasan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jaksa dan Hakim dalam menjalankan tugas kewajibannya berdasarkan Undang-undang Pokok Kejaksaan dan Undang-undang Pokok Kekuasaan Kehakiman wajib mengingat pada ketentuan-ketentuan dalam ayat (1) dan (2).&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dengan tidak mengurangi ketentuan dalam ayat (6) maka pelanggaran pasal, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16 dan 17 yang dibuat dengan sengaja dan dapat berakibat kerugian untuk negara yang meliputi jumlah yang besarnya lebih dari nilai lawan 88,8671 gram emas murni dalam valuta asing untuk tiap perbuatan, dinyatakan sebagai kejahatan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jika kerugian termaksud dalam ayat (1) besarnya tidak melebihi nilai lawan 8886,71 gram emas murni dalam valuta asing, maka pelanggar itu dikenakan pidana penjara selama-lamanya lima tahun dan/atau pidana denda setinggi-tingginya sepuluh juta rupiah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jika kerugian termaksud dalam ayat (1) besarnya melebihi nilai lawan 8886,71 gram emas murni dalam valuta asing maka pelanggar itu diberi pidana penjara selama-lamanya sepuluh tahun dan/atau pidana denda setinggi-tingginya seratus juta rupiah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Barang terhadap mana perbuatan tersebut dalam ayat (2) dan (3) dilakukan dapat dirampas untuk Negara.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jika kerugian yang tersebut dalam ayat (1) tidak melampaui nilai lawan 88,8671 gram emas murni dalam valuta asing, maka perbuatan itu dinyatakan pelanggaran administratif.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jikalau pelanggaran pasal 7, 8, dan 9 berupa tidak melaksanakan ekspor sebagian atau seluruhnya ataupun bersifat tidak mentaati jangka waktu yang ditetapkan untuk suatu perbuatan dalam penyelenggaraan ekspor, maka pelanggaran itu dipandang pelanggaran administratif.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(7)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jika tindak pidana dilakukan tidak dengan sengaja, maka pidana tertingginya ditetapkan sepertiga dari pidana tertinggi apabila dengan sengaja.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 21&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pelanggaran pasal 12 dan 13 dinyatakan sebagai pelanggaran administratif.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Barangsiapa setelah mendapat perintah seperti termaksud dalam pasal 6 sub a dengan sengaja tidak memenuhi perintah itu tanpa alasan yang sah ataupun dengan sengaja menyampaikan keterangan yang tidak benar dalam memenuhi perintah itu, dipidana dengan pidana penjara selama-lamanya satu tahun atau denda setinggi-tingginya satu juta rupiah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perbuatan ini merupakan kejahatan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 23&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Barangsiapa karena jabatannya atau pekerjaannya tersangkut dalam penyelenggaraan Undang-undang ini dan peraturan yang didasarkan atasnya wajib merahasiakan semua yang diketahuinya karena jabatan atau pekerjaan itu, kecuali jika ia harus memberikan keterangan justru karena jabatan atau pekerjaan itu terhadap pihak ketiga.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kewajiban ini berlaku pula untuk para ahli yang berhubung dengan penyelenggaraan Undang-undang dan peraturan yang didasarkan atasnya diminta memberikan nasihatnya atau yang diserahi melakukan sesuatu pekerjaan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 24&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Barangsiapa dengan sengaja melanggar kewajiban untuk merahasiakan sebagaimana termaksud dalam pasal 23 dipidana dengan pidana penjara selama-lamanya satu tahun atau denda setinggi-tingginya satu juta rupiah.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perbuatan tersebut di atas merupakan kejahatan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 25&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jika suatu tindak pidana dilakukan oleh atau atas nama suatu badan hukum, suatu perseroan, suatu perserikatan orang lainnya atau suatu yayasan, maka tuntutan pidana dilakukan dan hukuman pidana serta tindakan tata-tertib dijatuhkan, baik terhadap badan hukum, perseroan, perserikatan atau yayasan itu mereka yang memberi perintah melakukan tindak pidana itu atau yang bertindak sebagai pemimpin dalam perbuatan atau kelalaian itu, maupun terhadap kedua-duanya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Suatu tindak pidana dilakukan juga oleh atau atas nama suatu badan hukum, suatu perseroan, suatu perserikatan orang atau suatu yayasan, jika tindak pidana itu dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang baik berdasar hubungan kerja maupun berdasar hubungan lain, bertindak dalam lingkungan badan hukum, perseroan, perserikatan atau yayasan itu tak peduli apakah orang-orang itu masing-masing tersendiri melakukan tindak pidana itu atau pada mereka bersama ada anasir-anasir tindak pidana tersebut.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jika suatu tuntutan pidana dilakukan terhadap suatu badan hukum, suatu perseroan, suatu perserikatan orang atau yayasan, maka badan hukum, perseroan, perserikatan atau yayasan itu pada waktu penuntutan itu diwakili oleh seorang pengurus, atau jika ada lebih dari seorang pengurus, oleh salah seorang dari mereka itu.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Wakil dapat diwakili oleh orang lain.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Hakim dapat memerintahkan supaya seorang pengurus menghadap sendiri dipengadilan dan dapat pula memerintahkan supaya pengurus itu dibawa kemuka hakim.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jika suatu tuntutan pidana dilakukan terhadap suatu badan hukum, suatu perseroan, suatu perserikatan orang atau suatu yayasan, maka segala panggilan untuk menghadap dan segala penyerahan surat-surat panggilan itu akan dilakukan kepada kepala pengurus atau di tempat tinggal kepala pengurus itu atau di tempat pengurus bersidang atau berkantor.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 26&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk penyidikan tindak pidana yang tersebut dalam Undang-undang ini disamping pegawai-pegawai yang pada umumnya diberi tugas menyidik tindak pidana, ditunjuk pula:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pegawai Bea dan Cukai,&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pegawai Biro yang ditunjuk oleh Dewan.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pegawai penyidik tersebut di atas sewaktu-waktu berwenang untuk melakukan penyitaan, begitu juga untuk menuntut penyerahan supaya dapat disita daripada segala barang yang dapat dipakai untuk mendapatkan kebenaran atau yang dapat diperintahkan untuk dirampas, dimusnahkan atau dirusakkan supaya tidak dapat dipakai lagi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Mereka sewaktu-waktu berwenang untuk menuntut pemeriksaan segala surat yang dianggap perlu untuk diperiksa guna melakukan tugasnya sebagaimana mestinya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Mereka sewaktu-waktu berwenang untuk memasuki semua tempat yang dianggap perlu guna melakukan tugasnya sebagaimana mestinya. Mereka berkuasa untuk menyuruh agar dikawani oleh orang-orang tertentu yang mereka tunjuk.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jika dianggap perlu mereka memasuki tempat-tempat tersebut dengan bantuan polisi.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 27&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Biro berwenang untuk memerintahkan penyerahan barang atau effek, yang diperoleh dengan jalan melanggar Undang-undang ini dan peraturan yang didasarkan atasnya atau dengan mana, ataupun tentang mana perbuatan itu telah dilakukan, atau yang merupakan pokok perbuatan sedemikian, dari yang melanggar, baik perseorangan maupun badan hukum.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perintah ini dalam hal tindak pidana hanya dapat diberikan, jikalau diputuskan bahwa tidak akan diadakan tuntutan. Perintah termaksud diberikan dengan surat perintah tercatat.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jikalau dalam batas waktu tiga bulan perintah ini tidak dipenuhi, maka Biro dapat menetapkan jumlah paksaan dalam mata uang rupiah yang harus dibayarkan kepadanya dalam batas waktu yang ditetapkan olehnya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jumlah paksaan yang tersebut dalam ayat (3) di atas dan denda administratif yang tersebut dalam pasal 18 dapat dipungut dengan surat paksa, yang dikeluarkan atas nama Pimpinan Biro dan dapat dilaksanakan menurut ketentuan mengenai surat paksa dalam Peraturan Pajak Berkohir.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB XI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN LAIN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tiap perjanjian yang diadakan dengan melanggar Undang-undang ini dan peraturan yang didasarkan atasnya adalah batal dalam arti yang dipakai dalam Kitab Undang-undang Perdata.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 29&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan berwenang untuk mengeluarkan peraturan mengenai hal-hal yang belum diatur dalam Undang-undang ini yang dianggapnya perlu untuk mencapai maksud dan tujuan Undang-undang ini.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Peraturan termaksud dalam ayat (1) tidak boleh bertentangan dengan ketentuan dalam Undang-undang ini.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam menjalankan Undang-undang ini, Pimpinan Biro dengan mengingat petunjuk-petunjuk Dewan dapat:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengeluarkan peraturan khusus untuk Perwakilan diplomatik dan konsuler asing dan Perwakilan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa serta Badan-badan International seurat izinnya adalah bebas dari bermeterai.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;a.Kalau satu dari dua pihak dalam melakukan sesuatu perbuatan telah mendapat izin amacam itu berikut pegawai-pegawainya yang berstatus diplomatik atau konsuler.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;b.mewajibkan warga-negara asing dan badan hukum asing tertentu yang diiz&lt;b&gt;inkan unt&lt;/b&gt;uk berusaha di Indonesia untuk menyerahkan valuta asing ke dalam &amp;quot;Dana Devisa Negara&amp;quot; dalam menjalankan usahanya.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;(1)Pasal 31&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;(1)Surat permohonan untuk mendapat izin berdasarkan Undang-undang ini atau peraturan pelaksanaannya dan juga stau pembebasan, maka pihak yang kedua tidak perlu meminta lagi izin atau pembebasan.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dari semua ketentuan Undang-undang ini Dewan dapat memberikan pembebasan secara khusus atau umum dan dalam kedua hal dapat ditetapkan syarat-syarat tertentu.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dewan dapat mendelegasikan wewenang ini kepada Ketua Dewan atau salah seorang anggotanya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 32&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PERATURAN PERALIHAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pada hari mulai berlakunya Undang-undang ini:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Lembaga Alat-alat Pembayaran Luar Negeri dilebur sebagai badan hukum dan segala aktiva dan pasivanya beralih kepada Biro;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt;              &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Segala aktiva dan pasiva &amp;quot;Dana Devisen&amp;quot; dijadikan Dana Devisa.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Hubungan kerja antara Lembaga Alat-alat Pembayaran Luar Negeri dan para pegawainya diambil-alih oleh Biro.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jikalau untuk sesuatu hal menurut Undang-undang ini diharuskan adanya suatu izin atau dari sesuatu kewajiban dapat diberikan pembebasan, maka izin atau pembebasan yang telah diberikan berdasarkan Deviezen-verordening 1940 dianggap sebagai berdasarkan Undang-undang ini.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Segala peraturan pelaksanaan dari Deviezen-ordonnantie 1940 dan Deviezen-verordening 1940 sekedar mengatur lebih lanjut hal-hal yang ditentukan dalam Undang-undang ini tetap berlaku pada saat Undang-undang ini mulai berlaku, sampai ditarik kembali.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penggunaan, pembebasan dan pemindahan hak atas valuta asing termaksud dalam Pengumuman Pimpinan L.A.A. P.L.N. No. 3 tanggal 27 Mei 1963 dan S.K.B. Menteri Urusan Pendapatan, Pembiayaan dan Pengawasan dan Urusan Bank Sentral No. No. IE/IU/KB/32/12/SKB  jo Kep. 26/UBS/64 dan Kep. 35/UBS/ No. Kep.  21/UBS/64  64 diperkenankan sampai pengumuman dan peraturan ini ditarik kembali.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Terhadap perbuatan-perbuatan yang menurut Devizen-ordonnantie 1940 dan Deviezen-verordening 1940 merupakan tindak pidana dan tidak lagi demikian halnya menurut Undang-undang ini, berlaku peraturan yang tersebut terakhir.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Swasta yang telah ditunjuk sebagai bank devisa menjalankan fungsinya selama masa peralihan yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 33&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pasal 1 ayat 1e sub f dari Undang-undang Tindak Pidana Ekonomi (Undang-undang No. 7 Drt tahun 1955) dihapuskan dan diganti hingga berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Pasal 7, 8 dan 9 dari Undang-undang No. 32 tahun 1964 tentang &amp;quot;Peraturan Lalu-Lintas Devisa 1964&amp;quot;, terkecuali jikalau pelanggaran itu berupa tidak melaksanakan ekspor sebagian atau seluruhnya ataupun tidak mentaati jangka waktu yang ditetapkan untuk suatu perbuatan dalam penyelenggaraan ekspor&amp;quot;.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;            &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-undang No. 4 Prp tahun 1959 (Lembaran-Negara tahun 1959 No. 91). dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 1 tahun 1964 (Lembaran-Negara tahun 1964 No. 2) ditarik kembali.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 34&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PERATURAN PENUTUP&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-undang ini dapat disebut Undang-undang Devisa 1964 dan mulai berlaku pada hari diundangkannya.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Agar supaya setiap orang dapat mengetahuinya memerintahkan pengundangan Undang-undang ini dengan penempatan dalam Lembaran-Negara Republik Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Disahkan Di Jakarta,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pada Tanggal 28 Desember 1964&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Ttd.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;SUKARNO&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Diundangkan Di Jakarta,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pada Tanggal 28 Desember 1964&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;SEKRETARIS NEGARA,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Ttd.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;MOHD. ICHSAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;LEMBARAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 1964 NOMOR 131&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>UU No.24 tahun 2002 tentang Surat Utang Negara</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/UU+No.24+tahun+2002+tentang+Surat+Utang+Negara</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/UU+No.24+tahun+2002+tentang+Surat+Utang+Negara</guid><pubDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2007 00:29:32 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;NOMOR 24 TAHUN 2002&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;TENTANG&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;SURAT UTANG NEGARA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menimbang:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa guna mewujudkan masyarakat adil dan makmur sesuai dengan cita-cita dan tujuan nasional yang berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, perlu ditingkatkan kemampuan dan kemandirian untuk melaksanakan pembangunan ekonomi nasional secara berkesinambungan dengan bertumpu pada kekuatan masyarakat;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa mobilisasi dana melalui pasar keuangan merupakan upaya peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat secara optimal dalam program pembiayaan pembangunan nasional melalui mekanisme pengelolaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa penerbitan Surat Utang Negara kepada publik merupakan salah satu potensi pembiayaan untuk mengurangi beban dan risiko keuangan bagi negara di masa mendatang;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa guna memberikan kepastian hukum kepada pemodal perlu adanya landasan hukum atas komitmen Pemerintah untuk memenuhi kewajiban keuangan serta penyelenggaraan manajemen Surat Utang Negara yang transparan, profesional, dan bertanggung jawab;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a, b, c, dan d perlu membentuk Undang-undang tentang Surat Utang Negara.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Mengingat:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pasal 5 ayat (1), Pasal 20 ayat (1) dan ayat (2), Pasal 20 A, Pasal 23, Pasal 23 A, Pasal 23 B, Pasal 23 C, dan Pasal 23 D Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Perubahan Keempat Undang-Undang Dasar 1945;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Perbendaharaan Indonesia (Indische Comptabiliteitswet, Staatsblad Tahun 1925 Nomor 448) sebagaimana telah beberapa kali diubah, terakhir dengan Undang-undang Nomor 9 Tahun 1968 (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1968 Nomor 53, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 2860);&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1992 Nomor 31, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3472) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1998 Nomor 182, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3790);&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1995 Nomor 64, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3608);&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1999 tentang Bank Indonesia (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 66, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3843).&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dengan Persetujuan:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;MEMUTUSKAN:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menetapkan:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG SURAT UTANG NEGARA&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB I&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN UMUM&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam Undang-undang ini yang dimaksud dengan:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Surat Utang Negara adalah surat berharga yang berupa surat pengakuan utang dalam mata uang rupiah maupun valuta asing yang dijamin pembayaran bunga dan pokoknya oleh Negara Republik Indonesia, sesuai dengan masa berlakunya.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pasar Perdana adalah kegiatan penawaran dan penjualan Surat Utang Negara untuk pertama kali.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pasar Sekunder adalah kegiatan perdagangan Surat Utang Negara yang telah dijual di Pasar Perdana.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemerintah adalah Pemerintah Pusat Negara Republik Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menteri adalah Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB II&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BENTUK DAN JENIS SURAT UTANG NEGARA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Surat Utang Negara diterbitkan dalam bentuk warkat atau tanpa warkat.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Surat Utang Negara sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) diterbitkan dalam bentuk yang diperdagangkan atau dalam bentuk yang tidak diperdagangkan di Pasar Sekunder.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Surat Utang Negara terdiri atas: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Surat Perbendaharaan Negara; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Obligasi Negara. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Surat Perbendaharaan Negara sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) huruf a berjangka waktu sampai dengan 12 (dua belas) bulan dengan pembayaran bunga secara diskonto.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Obligasi Negara sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) huruf b berjangka waktu lebih dari 12 (dua belas) bulan dengan kupon dan/atau dengan pembayaran bunga secara diskonto.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB III&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;TUJUAN PENERBITAN SURAT UTANG NEGARA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Surat Utang Negara diterbitkan untuk tujuan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;membiayai defisit Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menutup kekurangan kas jangka pendek akibat ketidaksesuaian antara arus kas penerimaan dan pengeluaran dari Rekening Kas Negara dalam satu tahun anggaran;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengelola portofolio utang negara.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB IV&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KEWENANGAN DAN KEWAJIBAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kewenangan menerbitkan Surat Utang Negara untuk tujuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4 berada pada Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kewenangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) dilaksana-kan oleh Menteri.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal Pemerintah akan menerbitkan Surat Utang Negara untuk tujuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4, Menteri terlebih dahulu berkonsultasi dengan Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penerbitan Surat Utang Negara harus terlebih dahulu mendapat persetujuan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Persetujuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) diberikan atas nilai bersih maksimal Surat Utang Negara yang akan diterbitkan dalam satu tahun anggaran. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Persetujuan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) diberikan pada saat pengesahan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal-hal tertentu, Menteri dapat menerbitkan Surat Utang Negara melebihi nilai bersih maksimal yang telah disetujui Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) setelah mendapat persetujuan terlebih dahulu dari Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan dilaporkan sebagai Perubahan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara tahun yang bersangkutan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Persetujuan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat mengenai penerbitan Surat Utang Negara sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 7 ayat (1) meliputi pembayaran semua kewajiban bunga dan pokok yang timbul sebagai akibat penerbitan Surat Utang Negara dimaksud.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemerintah wajib membayar bunga dan pokok setiap Surat Utang Negara pada saat jatuh tempo.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dana untuk membayar bunga dan pokok sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) disediakan dalam Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara setiap tahun sampai dengan berakhirnya kewajiban tersebut.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal pembayaran kewajiban bunga dan pokok dimaksud melebihi perkiraan dana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (3), Menteri melakukan pembayaran dan menyampaikan realisasi pembayaran tersebut kepada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dalam pembahasan Perubahan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB V&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PENGELOLAAN SURAT UTANG NEGARA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pengelolaan Surat Utang Negara diselenggarakan oleh Menteri.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pengelolaan Surat Utang Negara sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) sekurang-kurangnya meliputi:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;penetapan strategi dan kebijakan pengelolaan Surat Utang Negara termasuk kebijakan pengendalian risiko;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;perencanaan dan penetapan struktur portofolio utang negara;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;penerbitan Surat Utang Negara;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;penjualan Surat Utang Negara melalui lelang dan/atau tanpa lelang;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pembelian kembali Surat Utang Negara sebelum jatuh tempo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pelunasan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;g.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;aktivitas lain dalam rangka pengembangan Pasar Perdana dan Pasar Sekunder Surat Utang Negara.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 10&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam rangka mendukung penyelenggaraan pengelolaan Surat Utang Negara sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9, Menteri membuka rekening yang merupakan bagian dari Rekening Kas Negara.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tata cara pembukaan dan pengelolaan rekening sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) ditetapkan oleh Menteri.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;S&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;etiap Surat Utang Negara mencantumkan sekurang-kurangnya:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;nilai nominal,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tanggal jatuh tempo, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tanggal pembayaran bunga, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tingkat bunga (kupon), &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;frekuensi pembayaran bunga,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cara perhitungan pembayaran bunga,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;g.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;ketentuan tentang hak untuk membeli kembali Surat Utang Negara sebelum jatuh tempo,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;h.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;ketentuan tentang pengalihan kepemilikan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kegiatan penatausahaan yang mencakup pencatatan kepemilik-an, kliring dan setelmen, serta agen pembayar bunga dan pokok Surat Utang Negara dilaksanakan oleh Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam menyelenggarakan kegiatan penatausahaan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1), Bank Indonesia wajib membuat laporan pertanggungjawaban kepada Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 13&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menteri menunjuk Bank Indonesia sebagai agen untuk melaksanakan lelang Surat Perbendaharaan Negara di Pasar Perdana.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menteri dapat menunjuk Bank Indonesia sebagai agen untuk melaksanakan lelang Obligasi Negara di Pasar Perdana.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai metode lelang, jadwal pelaksanaan lelang, kriteria peserta lelang, dan hasil akhir lelang ditetapkan oleh Menteri.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 14&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menteri dapat menunjuk Bank Indonesia dan/atau pihak lain sebagai agen untuk melaksanakan pembelian dan penjualan Surat Utang Negara di Pasar Sekunder.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pengaturan dan pengawasan terhadap kegiatan perdagangan Surat Utang Negara dilakukan oleh instansi pemerintah yang melakukan pengaturan dan pengawasan di bidang pasar modal.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB VI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;AKUNTABILITAS DAN TRANSPARANSI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menteri wajib menyelenggarakan penatausahaan dan membuat pertanggungjawaban atas pengelolaan Surat Utang Negara dan dana yang dikelola.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pertanggungjawaban sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) disampaikan sebagai bagian dari pertanggungjawaban pelaksa-naan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 17&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menteri wajib secara berkala memublikasikan informasi tentang: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;kebijakan pengelolaan utang dan rencana penerbitan Surat Utang Negara yang meliputi perkiraan jumlah dan jadwal waktu penerbitan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;jumlah Surat Utang Negara yang beredar beserta komposisinya, termasuk jenis valuta, struktur jatuh tempo dan tingkat bunga.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tata cara penatausahaan, pertanggungjawaban, dan publikasi informasi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 16 dan Pasal 17 ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB VII&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN PIDANA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setiap orang yang meniru Surat Utang Negara atau memalsukan Surat Utang Negara dengan maksud memperdagangkan atau dengan sengaja memperdagangkan Surat Utang Negara tiruan atau Surat Utang Negara palsu, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 5 (lima) tahun dan paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan denda paling sedikit Rp10.000.000.000,00 (sepuluh miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp20.000.000.000,00 (dua puluh miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setiap orang yang dengan sengaja menerbitkan Surat Utang Negara tidak berdasarkan Undang-undang ini, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan paling lama 20 (dua puluh) tahun dan denda paling sedikit Rp20.000.000.000,00 (dua puluh miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp40.000.000.000,00 (empat puluh miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB VIII&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN PERALIHAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Surat Utang atau Obligasi Negara yang telah diterbitkan oleh Pemerintah dalam rangka: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;program rekapitalisasi bank umum;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pinjaman luar negeri dalam bentuk surat utang atau obligasi; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pinjaman dalam negeri dalam bentuk surat utang;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pembiayaan kredit program;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;dinyatakan sah dan tetap berlaku sampai dengan saat jatuh tempo.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BAB IX&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;KETENTUAN PENUTUP&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 21&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dengan berlakunya Undang-undang ini, ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur penerbitan Surat Utang dan/atau Obligasi Negara sebelum berlakunya Undang-undang ini dinyatakan tidak berlaku.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-undang ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal diundangkan.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Agar setiap orang mengetahuinya, memerintahkan pengundangan Undang-undang ini dengan menempatkannya dalam Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Disahkan Di Jakarta,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pada Tanggal 22 Oktober 2002&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ttd&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;MEGAWATI SOEKARNOPUTRI&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Diundangkan Di Jakarta,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pada Tanggal 22 Oktober 2002&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;SEKRETARIS NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ttd&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;BAMBANG KESOWO&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LEMBARAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 2002 NOMOR 110&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>UU No.10 tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/UU+No.10+tahun+1998+tentang+Perbankan</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/UU+No.10+tahun+1998+tentang+Perbankan</guid><pubDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2007 00:16:35 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;NOMOR 10 TAHUN 1998&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;TENTANG&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 1992 TENTANG PERBANKAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menimbang:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa pembangunan nasional merupakan upaya pembangunan yang berkesinambungan dalam rangka mewujudkan masyarakat Indonesia yang adil dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa dalam menghadapi perkembangan perekonomian nasional yang senantiasa bergerak cepat, kompetitif, dan terintegrasi dengan tantangan yang semakin kompleks serta sistem keuangan yang semakin maju, diperlukan penyesuaian kebijakan di bidang ekonomi, termasuk Perbankan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa dalam memasuki era globalisasi dan dengan telah diratifikasinya beberapa perjanjian internasional di bidang perdagangan barang dan jasa, diperlukan penyesuaian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang perekonomian, khususnya sektor Perbankan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan tersebut pada huruf a, huruf b, dan huruf c di atas, dipandang perlu mengubah Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan dengan Undang-undang.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Mengingat:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pasal 5 ayat (1), Pasal 20 ayat (1), Pasal 23, dan Pasal 33 Undang-undang Dasar 1945;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Nomor 13 Tahun 1968 (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1968 Nomor 63, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 28651);&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1992 Nomor 31, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 34721).&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Dengan Persetujuan:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;MEMUTUSKAN:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menetapkan:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 1992 TENTANG PERBANKAN&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal I&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Mengubah beberapa ketentuan dalam Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 1 diubah, sehingga Pasal 1 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;rdquo;Pasal 1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam Undang-undang ini yang dimaksud dengan:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perbankan adalah segala sesuatu yang menyangkut tentang bank, mencakup kelembagaan, kegiatan usaha, serta cara dan proses dalam melaksanakan kegiatan usahanya; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank adalah badan usaha yang menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dalam bentuk simpanan dan menyalurkannya kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk kredit dan atau bentuk-bentuk lainnya dalam rangka meningkatkan taraf hidup rakyat banyak;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Umum adalah bank yang melaksanakan kegiatan usaha secara konvensional dan atau berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah yang dalam kegiatannya memberikan jasa dalam lalu lintas pembayaran;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Perkreditan Rakyat adalah bank yang melaksanakan kegiatan usaha secara konvensional atau berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah yang dalam kegiatannya tidak memberikan jasa dalam lalu lintas pembayaran;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Simpanan adalah dana yang dipercayakan oleh masyarakat kepada bank berdasarkan perjanjian penyimpanan dana dalam bentuk giro, deposito, sertifikat deposito, tabungan dan atau bentuk lainnya yang dipersamakan dengan itu; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;6.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Giro adalah simpanan yang penarikannya dapat dilakukan setiap saat dengan menggunakan cek, bilyet giro, sarana perintah pembayaran lainnya, atau dengan pemindahbukuan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;7.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Deposito adalah simpanan yang penarikannya hanya dapat dilakukan pada waktu tertentu berdasarkan perjanjian Nasabah Penyimpan dengan bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;8.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Sertifikat Deposito adalah simpanan dalam bentuk deposito yang sertifikat bukti penyimpanannya dapat dipindahtangankan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;9.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tabungan adalah simpanan yang penarikannya hanya dapat dilakukan menurut Syarat tertentu yang disepakati, tetapi tidak dapat ditarik dengan cek, bilyet giro, dan atau alat lainnya yang dipersamakan dengan itu;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;10.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Surat Berharga adalah surat pengakuan utang, wesel, saham, obligasi, sekuritas kredit, atau setiap derivatifnya, atau kepentingan lain, atau suatu kewajiban dari penerbit, dalam bentuk yang lazim diperdagangkan dalam pasar modal dan pasar uang;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;11.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kredit adalah penyediaan uang atau tagihan yang dapat dipersamakan dengan itu, berdasarkan persetujuan atau kesepakatan pinjam-meminjam antara bank dengan pihak lain yang mewajibkan pihak peminjam untuk melunasi utangnya setelah jangka waktu tertentu dengan pemberian bunga;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;12.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah adalah penyediaan uang atau tagihan yang dipersamakan dengan itu berdasarkan persetujuan atau kesepakatan antara bank dengan pihak lain yang mewajibkan pihak yang dibiayai untuk mengembalikan uang atau tagihan tabungan setelah jangka waktu tertentu dengan imbalan atau bagi hasil;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;13.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Prinsip Syariah adalah aturan perjanjian berdasarkan hukum Islam antara bank dan pihak lain untuk penyimpanan dana dan atau pembiayaan kegiatan usaha, atau kegiatan lainnya yang dinyatakan sesuai dengan syariah, antara lain pembiayaan berdasarkan prinsip bagi hasil (mudharabah), pembiayaan berdasarkan prinsip penyertaan modal (musharakahl, prinsip jual beli barang dengan memperoleh keuntungan (murabahah), atau pembiayaan barang modal berdasarkan prinsip sewa murni tanpa pilihan (ijarah), atau dengan adanya pilihan pemindahan kepemilikan atas barang yang disewa dari pihak bank oleh pihak lain (ijarah wa iqtina);&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;14.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Penitipan adalah penyimpanan harta berdasarkan perjanjian atau kontrak antara Bank Umum dan penitip, dengan ketentuan Bank Umum yang bersangkutan tidak mempunyai hak kepemilikan atas harta tersebut;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;15.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Wali Amanat adalah kegiatan usaha yang dapat dilakukan oleh Bank Umum untuk mewakili kepentingan pemegang surat berharga berdasarkan perjanjian antara Bank Umum dengan emiten aural berharga yang bersangkutan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;16.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Nasabah adalah pihak yang menggunakan jasa bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;17.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Nasabah Penyimpan adalah nasabah yang menempatkan dananya di bank dalam bentuk simpanan berdasarkan perjanjian bank dengan nasabah yang bersangkutan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;18.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Nasabah Debitur adalah nasabah yang memperoleh fasilitas kredit atau pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah atau yang dipersamakan dengan itu berdasarkan perjanjian bank dengan nasabah yang bersangkutan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;19.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kantor Cabang adalah kantor bank yang secara langsung bertanggung jawab kepada kantor pusat bank yang bersangkutan, dengan alamat tempat usaha yang jelas di mana kantor cabang tersebut. melakukan usahanya;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;20.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Indonesia adalah Bank Sentral Republik Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-undang yang berlaku;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;21.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pimpinan Bank Indonesia adalah pimpinan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-undang yang berlaku;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;22.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pihak Terafiliasi adalah:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;anggota Dewan Komisaris, pengawas, Direksi atau kuasanya, pejabat, atau karyawan bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;anggota pengurus, pengawas, pengelola atau kuasanya, pejabat, atau karyawan bank, khusus bagi bank yang berbentuk hukum koperasi sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pihak yang memberikan jasanya kepada bank, antara lain akuntan publik, penilai, konsultan hukum dan konsultan lainnya; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pihak yang menurut perdamaian Bank Indonesia turut serta mempengaruhi pengelolaan bank, antara lain pemegang saham dan keluarganya, keluarga Komisaris, keluarga pengawas, keluarga Direksi. keluarga Pengurus. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;23.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Agunan adalah jaminan tambahan yang diserahkan Nasabah Debitur kepada bank dalam rangka pemberian fasilitas kredit atau pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;24.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan adalah badan hukum yang menyelenggarakan kegiatan penjaminan atas simpanan Nasabah Penyimpan melalui skim asuransi, dana penyangga, atau skim lainnya;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;25.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Merger adalah penggabungan dua bank atau lebih, dengan cara tetap mempertahankan berdirinya salah satu bank dan membubarkan bank-bank lainnya dengan oleh tanpa melikuidasi;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;26.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Konsolidasi adalah penggabungan dari dua bank atau lebih, dengan cara mendirikan bank baru dan membubarkan bank-bank tersebut. dengan atau tanpa melikuidasi;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;7.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Akuisisi adalah pengambilalihan kepemilikan suatu bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;28.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Rahasia Bank adalah segala sesuatu yang dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 6 huruf k dihapus&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 6 huruf m diubah, sehingga Pasal 6 huruf m menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menyediakan pembiayaan dan atau melakukan kegiatan lain berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah, sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 7 huruf c diubah, sehingga Pasal 7 huruf c menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Melakukan kegiatan penyertaan modal sementara untuk mengatasi akibat kegagalan kredit atau kegagalan pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah, dengan syarat harus menarik kembali Penyertaannya, dengan memenuhi ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia; dan&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 8 diubah, sehingga Pasal 8 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam memberikan kredit atau pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah, Bank Umum wajib mempunyai keyakinan berdasarkan analisis yang mendalam atas itikad dan kemampuan serta kesanggupan Nasabah Debitur untuk melunasi utangnya atau mengembalikan pembiayaan dimaksud sesuai dengan yang diperjanjikan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Umum wajib memiliki dan menerapkan pedoman perkreditan dan pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah, sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 11 ayat (1) dan ayat (3) diubah, serta menambah ayat baru di antara ayat (4) dan ayat (5) yang dijadikan ayat (4A), sehingga Pasal 11 ayat (1)i, ayat (3), dan ayat (4A) menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Indonesia menetapkan ketentuan mengenai batas maksimum pemberian kredit atau pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah, pemberian jaminan, penempatan investasi surat berharga atau hal lain yang serupa. yang dapat dilakukan oleh bank kepada peminjam atau sekelompok peminjam yang terkait, termasuk kepada perusahaan-perusahaan dalam kelompok yang sama dengan bank yang bersangkutan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3A)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Indonesia menetapkan ketentuan mengenai batas maksimum pemberian kredit atau pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah, pemberian jaminan, penempatan investasi surat berharga atau hal lain yang serupa yang dapat dilakukan oleh bank kepada:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemegang saham yang memiliki 10% (sepuluh perseratus) atau lebih dari modal disetor bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisaris;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Direksi;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Keluarga dari pihak sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a, huruf b, dan huruf c;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pejabat bank lainnya; dan&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perusahaan-perusahaan yang di dalamnya terdapat kepentingan dari pihak-pihak sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a, huruf b, huruf c, huruf d, dan huruf e.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4A)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam memberikan kredit atau pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah, bank dilarang melampaui batas maksimum pemberian kredit atau pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah sebagaimana diatur dalam ayat (1), ayat (2), ayat (3), dan ayat (4).&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 12 diubah, sehingga Pasal 12 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk menunjang pelaksanaan program peningkatan taraf hidup rakyat banyak melalui pemberdayaan koperasi, usaha kecil dan menengah, Pemerintah bersama Bank Indonesia dapat melakukan kerja sama dengan Bank Umum.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai kerja sama dengan Bank Umum sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) diatur lebih lanjut dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menambah ketentuan baru di antara Pasal 12 dan Pasal 13 yang dijadikan Pasal 12A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 12A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Umum dapat membeli sebagian atau seluruh agunan, baik melalui pelelangan maupun di luar pelelangan berdasarkan penyerahan secara sukarela oleh pemilik agunan atau berdasarkan kuasa untuk menjual di luar lelang dari pemilik agunan dalam hal Nasabah Debitur tidak memenuhi kewajibannya kepada bank, dengan ketentuan agunan yang dibeli tersebut wajib dicairkan secepatnya.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai tatacara pembelian agunan dan pencairannya sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) diatur lebih lanjut dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 13c diubah, sehingga Pasal 13c menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 13&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menyediakan pembiayaan dan penempatan dana berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah, sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 10&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 16 diubah, sehingga Pasal 16 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setiap pihak yang melakukan kegiatan menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dalam bentuk simpanan wajib terlebih dahulu memperoleh izin usaha sebagai Bank Umum atau Bank Perkreditan Rakyat dari Pimpinan Bank Indonesia, kecuali apabila kegiatan menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dimaksud diatur dengan Undang-undang tersendiri.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk memperoleh izin usaha Bank Umum dan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) wajib dipenuhi persyaratan sekurang-kurangnya tentang:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;susunan organisasi dan kepengurusan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;permodalan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;kepemilikan; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;keahlian di bidang Perbankan; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Kelayakan rencana kerja.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Persyaratan dan tatacara perizinan bank sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 17 dihapus.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 18 diubah, sehingga Pasal 18 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pembukaan kantor cabang Bank Umum hanya dapat dilakukan dengan izin Pimpinan Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pembukaan kantor cabang, kantor perwakilan, dan jenis-jenis kantor lainnya di luar negeri dari Bank Umum hanya dapat dilakukan dengan izin Pimpinan Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pembukaan kantor di bawah kantor cabang Bank Umum wajib dilaporkan terlebih dahulu kepada Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Persyaratan dan tata cara pembukaan kantor Bank Umum sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1), ayat (2), dan ayat (3) ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 13&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 19 diubah, sehingga Pasal 19 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pembukaan kantor cabang Bank Perkreditan Rakyat hanya dapat dilakukan dengan izin Pimpinan Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Persyaratan dan tata cara pembukaan kantor Bank Perkreditan Rakyat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 14&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 20 ayat (1) diubah, sehingga Pasal 20 ayat (1) menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pembukaan kantor cabang, kantor cabang pembantu, dan kantor perwakilan dari suatu bank yang berkedudukan di luar negeri, hanya dapat dilakukan dengan izin Pimpinan Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 21 ayat (1) diubah, sehingga Pasal 21 ayat (1) menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 21&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bentuk hukum suatu Bank Umum dapat berupa:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perseroan Terbatas;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Koperasi; atau&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perusahaan Daerah.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 22 diubah, sehingga Pasal 22 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Umum hanya dapat didirikan oleh:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Warga negara Indonesia dan atau badan hukum Indonesia; atau&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Warga negara Indonesia dan atau badan hukum Indonesia dengan warga negara asing dan atau badan hukum asing secara kemitraan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai persyaratan pendirian yang wajib dipenuhi pihak-pihak sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat 11/ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 17&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 26 diubah, sehingga Pasal 26 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 26&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Umum dapat melakukan emisi saham melalui bursa efek.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Warga negara Indonesia, warga negara asing, badan hukum Indonesia dan atau badan hukum asing dapat membeli saham Bank Umum, baik secara langsung dan atau melalui bursa efek.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pelaksanaan ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) diatur lebih lanjut dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;ngka 18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 27 diubah, sehingga Pasal 27 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 27&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Perubahan kepemilikan bank wajib:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;memenuhi ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 16 ayat (3), Pasal 22, Pasal 23, Pasal 24, Pasal 25, dan Pasal 26; dan&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;dilaporkan kepada Bank Indonesia.&amp;quot;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 28 ayat (1) diubah, sehingga Pasal 28 ayat (1) menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Merger, konsolidasi, dan akuisisi wajib terlebih dahulu mendapat izin Pimpinan Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 29 diubah, sehingga Pasal 29 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 29&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pembinaan dan pengawasan bank dilakukan oleh Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank wajib memelihara tingkat kesehatan bank sesuai dengan ketentuan kecukupan modal, kualitas aset, kualitas manajemen, likuiditas, rentabilitas, solvabilitas, dan aspek lain yang berhubungan dengan usaha bank, dan wajib melakukan kegiatan usaha sesuai dengan prinsip kehati-hatian.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam memberikan kredit atau pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah dan melakukan kegiatan usaha lainnya, bank wajib menempuh cara-cara yang tidak merugikan bank dan kepentingan nasabah yang mempercayakan dananya kepada bank.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk kepentingan nasabah, bank wajib menyediakan informasi mengenai kemungkinan timbulnya risiko kerugian sehubungan dengan transaksi nasabah yang dilakukan melalui bank.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan yang wajib dipenuhi oleh bank sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2), ayat (3), dan ayat (4) ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 21&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 31 diubah, sehingga Pasal 31 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 31&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Indonesia melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap Bank,baik secara berkala maupun setiap waktu apabila diperlukan.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menambah ketentuan baru di antara Pasal 31 dan Pasal 32 yang dijadikan Pasal 31A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 31A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank Indonesia dapat menugaskan Akuntan Publik untuk dan atas nama Bank Indonesia melaksanakan pemeriksaan terhadap bank sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 31.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 23&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 32 dihapus.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 24&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 33 diubah, sehingga Pasal 33 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 33&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Laporan pemeriksaan bank sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 31 dan Pasal 31A bersifat rahasia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Persyaratan dan tata cara pemeriksaan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 31 dan Pasal 31A ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 25&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 37 diubah, sehingga Pasal 37 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 37&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal suatu bank mengalami kesulitan yang membahayakan kelangsungan usahanya, Bank Indonesia dapat melakukan tindakan agar:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pemegang saham menambah modal;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pemegang saham mengganti .Dewan Komisaris dan atau Direksi bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bank menghapusbukukan kredit atau pembiayaan berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah yang macet dan memperhitungkan kerugian bank dengan modalnya;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bank melakukan merger atau konsolidasi dengan bank lain;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bank dijual kepada pembeli yang bersedia mengambil alih seluruh kewajiban;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bank menyerahkan pengelolaan seluruh atau sebagian kegiatan bank kepada pihak lain;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;g.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;bank menjual sebagian atau seluruh harta dan atau kewajiban bank kepada bank atau pihak lain.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Apabila:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tindakan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) belum cukup untuk mengatasi kesulitan yang dihadapi bank; dan atau&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menurut penilaian Bank Indonesia keadaan suatu bank dapat membahayakan sistem Perbankan, Pimpinan Bank Indonesia dapat mencabut izin usaha bank dan memerintahkan Direksi bank untuk segera menyelenggarakan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham guna membubarkan badan hukum bank dan membentuk tim likuidasi.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal Direksi bank tidak menyelenggarakan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2), Pimpinan Bank Indonesia meminta kepada pengadilan untuk mengeluarkan penetapan yang berisi pembubaran badan hukum bank, penunjukan tim likuidasi, dan perintah pelaksanaan likuidasi sesuai dengan peraturan perundang undangan yang berlaku.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 26&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menambah 2 (dua ketentuan baru di antara Pasal 37 dan Pasal 38 yang diajukan Pasal 37A dan Pasal 378, yang masing-masing berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 37A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Apabila menurut penilaian Bank Indonesia terjadi kesulitan Perbankan yang membahayakan perekonomian nasional, atas permintaan Bank Indonesia, Pemerintah setelah berkonsultasi kepada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia dapat membentuk badan khusus yang bersifat sementara dalam rangka penyehatan Perbankan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Badan khusus sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) melakukan program penyehatan terhadap bank-bank yang ditetapkan dan diserahkan oleh Bank Indonesia kepada badan dimaksud.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam melaksanakan program penyehatan terhadap bank-bank, badan khusus sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) mempunyai wewenang sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 37 ayat (1) serta memenang lain yaitu:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengambil alih dan menjalankan segala hak dan wewenang pemegang saham termasuk hak dan wewenang Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Mengambil alih dan melaksanakan segala hak dan wewenang Direksi dan Komisaris bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menguasai, mengelola dan melakukan tindakan kepemilikan atas kekayaan milik atau menjadi hak bank, termasuk kekayaan bank yang berada pada pihak manapun, baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;meninjau ulang, membatalkan, mengakhiri, dan atau mengubah kontrak yang mengikat bank dengan pihak ketiga, yang menurut pertimbangan badan khusus merugikan bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menjual atau mengalihkan kekayaan bank, Direksi, Komisaris, dan pemegang saham tertentu di dalam negeri ataupun di luar negeri, baik secara langsung maupun melalui penawaran umum; menjual atau mengalihkan tagihan bank dan atau menyerahkan pengelolaannya kepada pihak lain, tanpa memerlukan persetujuan Nasabah Debitur;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengalihkan pengelolaan kekayaan dan atau manajemen bank kepada pihak lain;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;g.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan penyertaan modal sementara pada bank, secara langsung atau melalui pengonversian tagihan badan khusus menjadi penyertaan modal pada bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;h.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan penagihan piutang bank yang sudah pasti dengan penerbitan Surat Paksa;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;i.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan pengosongan atas tanah dan atau bangunan milik atau yang menjadi hak bank yang dikuasai oleh pihak lain, baik sendiri maupun dengan bantuan alat negara penegak hukum yang berwenang;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;j.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan penelitian dan pemeriksaan untuk memperoleh segala keterangan yang diperlukan dari dan mengenai bank dalam program penyehatan, dan pihak manapun yang terlibat atau patut diduga terlibat, atau mengetahui kegiatan yang merugikan bank dalam program penyehatan tersebut;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;k.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menghitung dan menetapkan kerugian yang dialami bank dalam program penyehatan dan membebankan kerugian tersebut kepada modal bank yang bersangkutan, dan bilamana kerugian tersebut terjadi karena kesalahan atau kelalaian Direksi, Komisaris, dan atau pemegang saham, maka kerugian tersebut akan dibebankan kepada yang bersangkutan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;l.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menetapkan jumlah tambahan modal yang wajib disetor oleh pemegang saham bank dalam program penyehatan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;m.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;melakukan tindakan lain yang diperlukan untuk menunjang pelaksanaan wewenang sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a sampai dengan huruf m.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tindakan penyehatan Perbankan oleh badan khusus sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (3) adalah sah berdasarkan Undang-undang ini.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Atas permintaan badan khusus sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1), bank dalam program penyehatan wajib memberikan segala keterangan dan penjelasan mengenai usahanya termasuk memberikan kesempatan bagi pemeriksaan buku-buku dan berkas yang ada padanya, dan wajib memberikan bantuan yang diperlukan dalam rangka memperoleh keterangan, dokumen, dan penjelasan yang diperoleh bank dimaksud.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pihak-pihak sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (3) huruf k wajib memberikan keterangan dan penjelasan yang diminta oleh badan khusus.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(7)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Badan khusus sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) wajib menyampaikan laporan kegiatan kepada Menteri Keuangan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(8)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Apabila menurut penilaian Pemerintah, badan khusus telah menyelesaikan tugasnya, Pemerintah menyatakan berakhirnya badan khusus tersebut.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(9)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan yang diperlukan bagi pelaksanaan Pasal ini diatur lebih lanjut dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal 37B&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Setiap bank wajib menjamin dana masyarakat yang disimpan pada bank yang bersangkutan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk menjamin simpanan masyarakat pada bank sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) dibentuk Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) berbentuk badan hukum Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan mengenai penjaminan dana masyarakat dan Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan, diatur lebih lanjut dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 27&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 40 diubah, sehingga Pasal 40 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 40&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank wajib merahasiakan keterangan mengenai Nasabah Penyimpan dan simpanannya, kecuali dalam hal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41 , Pasal 41A. Pasal 42, Pasal 43, Pasal 44, dan Pasal 44A.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) berlaku pula bagi Pihak Terafiliasi.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 41 ayat (1) diubah, sehingga Pasal 41 ayat (1) menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 41&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk kepentingan perpajakan, Pimpinan Bank Indonesia atas permintaan Menteri Keuangan berwenang mengeluarkan perintah tertulis kepada bank agar memberikan keterangan dan memperlihatkan bukti-bukti tertulis serta surat-surat mengenai keadaan keuangan Nasabah Penyimpan tertentu kepada pejabat pajak.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 29&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menambah ketentuan baru di antara Pasal 41 dan Pasal 42 yang dijadikan Pasal 41A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 41A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk penyelesaian piutang bank yang sudah diserahkan kepada Badan Urusan Piutang dan Lelang Negara Panitia Urusan Piutang Negara, Pimpinan Bank Indonesia memberikan izin kepada pejabat Badan Urusan Piutang dan Lelang Negara/Panitia Urusan Piutang Negara untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan Nasabah Debitur.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Izin sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) diberikan secara tertulis atas permintaan tertulis dari Kepala Badan Urusan Piutang dan Lelang Negara/Ketua Panitia Urusan Piutang Negara.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Permintaan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) harus menyebutkan nama dan jabatan pejabat Badan Urusan Piutang dan Lelang Negara/Panitia Urusan Piutang Negara, nama Nasabah Debitur yang bersangkutan dan alasan diperlukannya keterangan.&amp;quot;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 42 diubah, sehingga Pasal 42 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 42&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara pidana, Pimpinan Bank Indonesia dapat memberikan izin kepada polisi, jaksa, atau hakim untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan tersangka atau terdakwa pada bank.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Izin sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) diberikan secara tertulis atas permintaan tertulis dari Kepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, Jaksa Agung, atau Ketua Mahkamah Agung.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Permintaan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) harus menyebutkan nama dan jabatan polisi, jaksa, atau hakim, nama tersangka atau terdakwa, alasan diperlukannya keterangan dan hubungan perkara pidana yang bersangkutan dengan keterangan yang diperlukan.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 31&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menambah ketentuan baru di antara Pasal 42 dan Pasal 43 yang dijadikan Pasal 42A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 42A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank wajib memberikan keterangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41, Pasal 41A, dan Pasal 42.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 32&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menambah ketentuan baru di antara Pasal 44 dan Pasal 45 (2) yang dijadikan Pasal 44A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 44A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Atas permintaan, persetujuan atau kuasa dari Nasabah Penyimpanan yang dibuat secara tertulis, bank wajib memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan Nasabah Penyimpan pada bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh Nasabah Penyimpan tersebut.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dalam hal Nasabah Penyimpan telah meninggal dunia, ahli waris yang sah dari Nasabah Penyimpan yang bersangkutan berhak memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan Nasabah Penyimpan tersebut.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 33&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 46 ayat (1) diubah, sehingga Pasal 46 ayat (1) menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 46&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Barang siapa menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dalam bentuk simpanan tanpa izin usaha dari Pimpinan Bank Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 16, diancam dengan pidana penjara sekurang-kurangnya 5 (lima) tahun dan paling lama 15 (lima belas tahun serta denda sekurang-kurangnya Rp10.000.000.000,00 (sepuluh miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp200.000.000.000,00 (dua ratus miliar rupiah).&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 34&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 47 diubah, sehingga Pasal 47 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 47&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Barang siapa tanpa membawa perintah tertulis atau izin dari Pimpinan Bank Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41, Pasal 41A, dan Pasal 42, dengan sengaja memaksa bank atau Pihak Terafiliasi untuk memberikan keterangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 40, diancam dengan pidana penjara sekurang-kurangnya 2 (dua tahun dan paling lama 4 (empat) tahun serta denda sekurang-kurangnya Rp10.000.000.000,00 (sepuluh miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp200.000.000.000,00 (dua ratus miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisaris, Direksi, pegawai bank atau Pihak Terafiliasi lainnya yang dengan sengaja memberikan keterangan yang wajib dirahasiakan menurut Pasal 40, diancam dengan pidana penjara sekurang-kurangnya 2 (dua) tahun dan paling lama 4 (empat) tahun serta denda sekurang kurangnya Rp4.000.000.000,00 (empat miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp8.000.000.000,00 (delapan miliar rupiah).&amp;quot;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 35&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menambah ketentuan baru di antara Pasal 47 dan Pasal 48 yang dijadikan Pasal 47A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 47A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisaris, Direksi, atau pegawai bank yang dengan sengaja tidak memberikan keterangan yang wajib dipenuhi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 42A dan Pasal 44A, diancam dengan pidana penjara sekurang-kurangnya 2 (dua) tahun dan paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun serta denda sekurang-kurangnya Rp4.000.000.000,00 (empat miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp15.000.000.000,00 (lima belas miliar rupiah).&amp;quot;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 36&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 48 diubah, sehingga Pasal 48 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 48&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisaris, Direksi, atau pegawai bank yang dengan sengaja tidak memberikan keterangan yang wajib dipenuhi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 30 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dan Pasal 34 ayat (1) dan ayat (2), diancam dengan pidana penjara sekurang-kurangnya 2 (dua) tahun dan paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun serta denda sekurang-kurangnya Rp5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp100.000.000.000,00 (seratus miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisaris, Direksi, atau pegawai bank yang lalai memberikan keterangan yang wajib dipenuhi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 30 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dan Pasal 34 ayat (1) dan ayat (2), diancam dengan pidana kurungan sekurang-kurangnya 1 (satu) tahun dan paling lama 2 (dua) tahun dan atau denda sekurang-kurangnya Rp1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah).&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 37&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 49 diubah, sehingga Pasal 49 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 49&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisaris, Direksi, atau pegawai bank yang dengan sengaja:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;membuat atau menyebabkan adanya pencatatan palsu dalam pembukuan atau dalam laporan, maupun dalam dokumen atau laporan kegiatan usaha, laporan transaksi atau rekening suatu bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;menghilangkan atau tidak memasukkan atau menyebabkan tidak dilakukannya pencatatan dalam pembukuan atau dalam laporan, maupun dalam dokumen atau laporan kegiatan usaha, laporan transaksi atau rekening suatu bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;mengubah, mengaburkan, menyembunyikan, menghapus, atau menghilangkan adanya suatu pencatatan dalam pembukuan atau dalam laporan, maupun dalam dokumen atau laporan kegiatan usaha, laporan transaksi atau rekening suatu bank, atau dengan sengaja mengubah, mengaburkan, menghilangkan, menyembunyikan atau merusak catatan pembukuan tersebut, diancam dengan pidana penjara sekurang-kurangnya 5 (lima) tahun dan paling lama 15 (lima belas) tahun serta denda sekurang-kurangnya Rp10.000.000.000,00 sepuluh miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp200.000.000.000,00 (dua ratus miliar rupiah).&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Anggota Dewan Komisaris, Direksi atau pegawai bank yang dengan sengaja:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;meminta atau menerima, mengizinkan atau menyetujui untuk menerima suatu imbalan, komisi, uang tambahan, pelayanan, uang atau barang berharga, untuk keuntungan pribadinya atau untuk keuntungan keluarannya, dalam rangka mendapatkan atau berusaha mendapatkan bagi orang lain dalam memperoleh uang muka, bank garansi, atau fasilitas kredit dari bank, atau dalam rangka pembelian atau pendiskontoan oleh bank atas surat-surat wesel, surat promes, cek, dan kertas dagang atau bukti kewajiban lainnya, ataupun dalam rangka memberikan persetujuan bagi orang lain untuk melaksanakan penarikan dana yang melebihi Batas kreditnya pada bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;tidak melaksanakan langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk memastikan ketaatan bank terhadap ketentuan dalam Undang-undang ini dan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya yang berlaku bagi bank, diancam dengan pidana penjara sekurang-kurangnya 3 (tiga) tahun dan paling lama 8 (delapan) tahun serta denda sekurang-kurangnya Rp5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp100.000.000.000,00 (seratus miliar rupiah).&amp;quot;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 38&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 50 diubah, sehingga Pasal 50 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 50&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pihak Terafiliasi yang dengan sengaja tidak melaksanakan langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk memastikan ketaatan bank terhadap ketentuan dalam Undang-undang ini dan peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya yang berlaku bagi bank, diancam dengan pidana penjara sekurang-kurangnya 3 (tiga) tahun dan paling lama 8 (delapan) tahun serta denda sekurang-kurangnya Rp5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp100.000.000. 000.00 (seratus miliar rupiah).&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 39&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menambah ketentuan baru di antara Pasal 50 dan Pasal 51 yang dijadikan Pasal 50A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 50A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pemegang saham yang dengan sengaja menyuruh Dewan Komisaris, Direksi, atau pegawai bank untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan tindakan yang mengakibatkan bank tidak melaksanakan langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk memastikan ketaatan bank terhadap ketentuan dalam Undang-undang ini dan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya yang berlaku bagi bank, diancam dengan pidana penjara sekurang-kurangnya 7 (tujuh) tahun dan paling lama 15 (lima belas) tahun serta denda sekurang-kurangnya Rp10.000.000.000,00 (sepuluh miliar rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp200.000.000.000,00 (dua ratus miliar rupiah).&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 40&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 51 ayat (1) diubah, sehingga Pasal 51 ayat (1) menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 51&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 46, Pasal 47, Pasal 47A. Pasal 48 ayat (1). Pasal 49, Pasal 50, dan Pasal 50A adalah kejahatan.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 41&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 52 diubah, sehingga Pasal 52 seluruhnya berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 52&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dengan tidak mengurangi ketentuan pidana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 47, Pasal 47A, Pasal 48, Pasal 49. dan Pasal 50A, Bank Indonesia dapat menetapkan sanksi administratif kepada bank yang tidak memenuhi kewajibannya sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Undang-undang ini, atau Pimpinan Bank Indonesia dapat mencabut izin usaha bank yang bersangkutan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Sanksi administratif sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1), antara lain adalah:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;a.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;denda uang;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;b.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;teguran tertulis,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;penurunan tingkat kesehatan bank;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;d.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;larangan untuk turut serta dalam kegiatan kliring;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;e.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pembekuan kegiatan usaha tertentu, baik untuk kantor cabang tertentu maupun untuk bank secara keseluruhan;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;f.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pemberhentian pengurus bank dan selanjutnya menunjuk dan mengangkat pengganti sementara sampai Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham atau Rapat Anggota Koperasi mengangkat pengganti yang tetap dengan persetujuan Bank Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;g.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pencantuman anggota pengurus, pegawai bank, pemegang saham dalam daftar orang tercela di bidang Perbankan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Pelaksanaan lebih lanjut mengenai sanksi administratif ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 42&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Ketentuan Pasal 55 diubah, sehingga Pasal 55 seluruhnya menjadi berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 55&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Bank yang telah memiliki izin usaha pada saat Undang-undang ini mulai berlaku, dinyatakan telah memperoleh izin usaha berdasarkan Undang-undang ini.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Angka 43&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Menambah ketentuan baru di antara Pasal 59 dan Pasal 60 yang dijadikan Pasal 59A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Pasal 59A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Badan khusus yang melakukan tugas penyehatan Perbankan yang telah ada sebelum berlakunya Undang-undang ini dinyatakan tetap berlaku.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pasal II&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dengan berlakunya Undang-undang ini, Peraturan tentang Usaha Perkreditan Yang Diselenggarakan Oleh Kelurahan Di Daerah Kadipaten Paku Alaman (Rijksblaad Dari Daerah Paku Alaman Tahun 1937 Nomor 9), dinyatakan tidak berlaku.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Undang-undang ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal diundangkan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Agar setiap orang mengetahuinya, memerintahkan pengundangan Undang-undang ini dengan penempatannya dalam Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Disahkan Di Jakarta,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pada Tanggal 10 November 1998&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Ttd.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;BACHARUDDIN JUSUF HABIBIE&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Diundangkan Di Jakarta,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Pada Tanggal 10 November 1998&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;MENTERI NEGARA/SEKRETARIS NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Ttd.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;AKBAR TANDJUNG&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LEMBARAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 1998 NOMOR 182&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>Strukturalisme Vs Poststrukturalisme</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Strukturalisme+Vs+Poststrukturalisme</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Strukturalisme+Vs+Poststrukturalisme</guid><pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2007 23:59:04 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;(Essay ini dibuat sebagai tugas akhir mata kuliah Teori Posmodernisme)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Representasi, Negosiasi Makna, dan Subjektivitas Etnografi&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pendahuluan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Poststrukturalis &amp;ndash; sebagai bagian dari posmodernisme &amp;ndash; memfokuskan dalam kerja diskursif terhadap pola linguistik yang memproduksi subjektivitas dan identitas (Mumbly dan Putnam, 1992). Terdapat perbedaan antara postrukturalis dengan posmodernisme. Posmodernisme lebih berorientasi kepada kritik kultural sedangkan postrukturalis berkonsentrasi pada permasalahan metode dan epistimologinya, misalnya pada kerja dekonstruksi, diskursus bahasa, makna dan simbol. Poststrukturalis adalah kerja dengan lingkup yang lebih khusus dibandingkan posmodernisme (Alvesson dan Skoldberg, 2000). &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dalam pandangan poststrukturalis, bahasa (teks) bukan sekedar menampilkan atau merepresentasikan suatu realitas, melainkan memproduksi realitas baru. Permasalahan yang akan berusaha dibahas dalam tulisan ini adalah permasalahan apa yang dihadapi oleh para etnografer berkaitan dengan : apakah simbol yang dimiliki para etnografer tidak mencukupi untuk dipadankan dengan ekspresi realitas yang dikajinya, ataukah keterbatasan kemampuan etnografer itu sendiri dalam menganalisis? &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Strukturalisme dan Oposisi Biner : Suatu Pengantar&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sebelum melangkah lebih jauh dalam postrukturalis dan posmodernisme, ada baiknya dimulai pemberangkatannya melalui kajian strukturalis terhadap oposisi biner terlebih dahulu. Konsep oposisi biner mula-mula diteorisikan oleh ahli bahasa Ferdinand de Saussure. Tetapi Claude Levi-Strauss-lah yang membuatnya menjadi sangat berpengaruh. Strauss adalah antropolog strukturalis yang banyak menggunakan teori-teori bahasa Saussure sebagai suatu sistem struktural untuk menganalisa semua proses kultural seperti cara memasak, cara berpakaian, sistem kekeluargaan, mitos dan legenda dalam masyarakat. Bagi Strauss, oposisi biner adalah &lt;i&gt;&amp;#39;the essence of sense making&amp;#39;&lt;/i&gt;: struktur yang mengatur sistem pemaknaan kita terhadap budaya dan dunia tempat kita hidup. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Oposisi biner adalah sebuah sistem yang membagi dunia dalam dua kategori yang berhubungan. Dalam struktur oposisi biner yang sempurna, segala sesuatu dimasukkan dalam kategori A maupun kategori B, dan dengan memakai pengkategorian itulah, kita mengatur pemahaman dunia di luar kita. Suatu kategori A tidak dapat eksis dengan sendirinya tanpa berhubungan secara struktural dengan kategori B. Kategori A masuk akal hanya karena ia bukan kategori B. Tanpa kategori B, tidak akan ada ikatan dengan kategori A, dan tidak ada kategori A. Dalam sistem biner, hanya ada dua tanda atau kata yang hanya punya arti jika masing-masing beroposisi dengan yang lain. Keberadaan mereka ditentukan oleh ketidakberadaan yang lain. Misalnya dalam sistem biner laki-laki dan perempuan dan laki-laki, daratan dan lautan, atau antara anak-anak dan orang dewasa. Seseorang disebut laki-laki karena ia bukan perempuan, sesuatu itu disebut daratan karena ia bukan lautan, begitu seterusnya. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Oposisi biner adalah produk dari &amp;#39;budaya&amp;#39;, ia bukan bersifat &amp;#39;alamiah&amp;#39;. Ia adalah produk dari sistem penandaan, dan berfungsi untuk menstrukturkan persepsi kita terhadap alam natural dan dunia sosial melalui penggolongan-penggolongan dan makna. Strauss juga menyebutkan konsep dasar dari oposisi biner yaitu &lt;i&gt;&amp;#39;the second stage of the sense-making process&amp;#39;&lt;/i&gt;: penggunaan kategori-kategori sesuatu yang hanya eksis di dunia alamiah (sesuatu yang kongkret) untuk menjelaskan kategori-kategori konsep kultural yang abstrak. Contoh sederhana dari konsep ini misalnya diberikan oleh John Fiske (1994): konsep oposisi biner angin badai dan angin tenang (kongkret) misalnya, bisa disejajarkan dengan oposisi biner alam yang kejam dan alam yang tenang (abstrak). Proses transisi metafor dari sesuatu yang abstrak dalam sesuatu yang kongkret ini dinamakan Strauss sebagai &lt;i&gt;&amp;#39;the logic of concrete&amp;#39;. &lt;/i&gt;Secara struktur oposisi biner berhubungan satu dengan yang lain, dan bisa ditransfor-masikan dalam sistem-sistem oposisi biner yang lain. Oposisi biner menimbulkan posisi-posisi ambigu yang tidak bisa dimasukkan dalam kategori A atau kategori B, yang bisa disebut dengan atau &amp;lsquo;kategori ambigu&amp;rsquo; atau &amp;#39;kategori skandal&amp;#39; (Strauss lebih senang menyebutnya dengan &lt;i&gt;&amp;#39;anomalous category&lt;/i&gt;&amp;lsquo;). &amp;lsquo;Kategori anomali&amp;rsquo; muncul dan mengganggu sistem oposisi biner. Ia mengotori kejernihan batas-batas oposisi biner. Antara anak-anak dan orang dewasa, ada posisi remaja. Antara daratan dan lautan, ada pantai. Antara orang hidup dan orang mati ada sesuatu yang disebut vampir, hantu, zombi. Antara laki-laki dan perempuan ada gay/lesbian/banci. Pantai, remaja, vampir/hantu/zombi, atau gay/lesbian/banci adalah &amp;#39;kategori anomali&amp;#39;.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Strukturalisme vs Poststrukturalisme&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Para strukturalis seperti Claude Levi-Struss, atau setidaknya para pemikir yang sejalan dengan pemikiran strukturalisme, misalnya Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, dan Ferdinand de Soussaure memiliki berbagai pandangan mengenai relasi fenomena sosial. Levi-Strauss mengkonsepkan oposisi biner pada struktur kesadaran manusia yang yang membentuk transformasi antara struktur nirsadar (&lt;i&gt;unconsciouss structure&lt;/i&gt;) dalam pikiran manusia yang memepengaruhi struktur permukaan (&lt;i&gt;surface structure&lt;/i&gt;). Weber dalam hipotesisnya menyatakan bahwa ada makna yang tunggal atau yang sama yang merupakan produk kesepakatan. Durkheim beranggapan bahwa fakta sosial terbentuk dari suatu kesadaran kolektif. Soussaure memastikan bahwa ada hubungan yang jelas antara &lt;i&gt;signified&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i&gt;signifier&lt;/i&gt;. Selain para strukturalis, Marx dan Marxis menyatakan bahwa ekonomilah sebagai &lt;i&gt;base-structure &lt;/i&gt;yang telah mempengaruhi &lt;i&gt;super-structure&lt;/i&gt; seperti politik, budaya, sosial. Bila dirangkum pandangan dari para strukturalis dan Marxis tersebut, maka dinyatakan bahwa terdapat komunikasi satu arah dengan pemaknaan tunggal yang membentuk fenomena sosial. Kebenaran dipandang bersifat univokal. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Strukturalisme lebih tertarik untuk berbicara tentang praktek-praktek penandaan dimana makna merupakan produk dari struktur atau regularitas-regularitas yang dapat diramalkan yang terletak di luar jangkauan manusia (&lt;i&gt;human agents&lt;/i&gt;). Sebagaimana ditunjukkan Chris Barker (2000), strukturalisme sebenarnya bisa dilacak kembali pada karya-karya Emille Durkheim yang menolak anggapan empirisis bahwa pengetahuan merupakan derivasi langsung dari pengalaman. Tetapi strukturalisme yang dikenal sekarang adalah strukturalisme Ferdinand deSaussure dan Levi-Strauss yang menjelaskan bahwa produksi makna merupakan efek dari struktur terdalam dari bahasa, dan kebudayaan bersifat analog dengan struktur bahasa, yang diorganisasikan secara internal dalam oposisi biner: hitam-putih, baik-buruk, lelaki-perempuan dan lain sebagainya.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dalam konteks pengabaian &lt;i&gt;human agents&lt;/i&gt;, strukturalisme bersifat antihumanis. Konsep strukturalisme tentang kebudayaan lebih memusatkan perhatiannya pada sistem-sistem relasi dari struktur-struktur yang mendasari sesuatu (umumnya bahasa) dan aturan-aturan bahasa yang memungkinkan terjadinya makna. Sementara menurut Williams (1980), teks hanyalah bagian dari cara berpikir yang diproduksi oleh perubahan kondisi-kondisi sosial dan ekonomi. Kata Williams, &amp;ldquo;Kita harus berhenti dari prosedur umum untuk mengisolir objek dan kemudian menyelidiki komponen-komponennya. Sebaliknya kita harus menyelidiki praktek-praktek dan kemudian kondisi-kondisinya&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Jika kulturalisme menekankan sejarah, maka strukturalisme justru menekankan pendekatan sinkronik, relasi-relasi struktur dianalisa dalam potongan-potongan peristiwa yang bersifat khusus. Di sini strukturalisme sangat menekankan aspek kekhususan kebudayaan yang tidak bisa direduksi begitu saja ke dalam fenomena lainnya. Dan jika kulturalisme memfokuskan diri pada interpretasi sebagai jalan untuk memahami makna, maka strukturalisme justru menegaskan perlunya sebuah ilmu tentang tanda yang bersifat objektif.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pandangan strukturalisme tentang makna yang diorganisasikan secara internal dalam oposisi biner, sama dengan mengatakan bahwa makna bersifat stabil. Kestabilan makna inilah yang menjadi pusat serangan pascastrukturalisme atas strukturalisme. Tokoh-tokoh utama poststrukturalisme, seperti Derrida dan Foucault, menyatakan bahwa makna tidaklah stabil, ia selalu dalam proses. Makna tidak bisa dibatasi dalam satu kata, kalimat atau teks khusus, tetapi ia merupakan hasil dari hubungan antarteks: intertektualitas. Sama seperti strukturalisme, poststrukturalisme juga bersifat antihumanis. Derrida (1976) menyatakan bahwa kita berpikir hanya dengan tanda-tanda, tidak ada makna asli yang bersirkulasi di luar representasi. Dan Foucault menyatakan (1984) menyatakan bahwa manusia hanyalah produk dari sejarah.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dalam hal politik kebenaran, setiap masyarakat dianggap memiliki rezim kebenaran. Rezim kebenaran tersebut berupa (a) tipe wacana yang diterima dan membuatnya berfungsi sebagai kebenaran, (b) mekanisme untuk memudahkan pembenaran dan penyalahan, (c) alat sanksi, (d) teknik dan prosedur untuk mengkomposisikan nilai. Berkaitan dengan politik kebenaran tersebut, posmodernisme mengajukan kritiknya bahwa kebenaran bukanlah berasal dari &lt;i&gt;base-structure&lt;/i&gt; ataupun &lt;i&gt;super-structure&lt;/i&gt;, melainkan dari perbincangan / wacana yang berkembang dalam masyarakat yang selanjutnya membenarkan ataupun menyalahkan. Proses pendisiplinan atau rutinisasi yang bertujuan menciptakan wacana ataupun transmisi pengetahuan, tidak hanya dilakukan oleh institusi-institusi saja melainkan juga melalui wacana atau perbincangan yang terjadi secara umum dan meluas dalam masyarakat. Dengan demikian maka konsep apparatus yang dikemukakan oleh Althusser menjadi tidak relevan lagi. Sebagai contoh : rakyat takut kepada negara padahal negara tdak lagi menakuti rakyatnya. Foucault menyebutnya sebagai diskontinuasi fungsi. Total dominasi tersebut terus bergerak dan pada gilirannya mengalami kontekstasi sehingga tak ada kesepakatan makna yang pasti. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Menyoal Representasi : Etnografer sebagai Interpreter dan Konstruktor&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Representasi adalah konsep yang mempunyai beberapa pengertian. Ia adalah proses sosial dari &lt;i&gt;&amp;#39;representing&amp;#39;&lt;/i&gt;. Ia juga produk dari proses sosial &amp;quot;&lt;i&gt;representing&amp;#39;&lt;/i&gt;. Representasi menunjuk baik pada proses maupun produk dari pemaknaan suatu tanda. Representasi juga bisa berarti proses perubahan konsep-konsep ideologi yang abstrak dalam bentuk-bentuk yang kongkret. Jadi, pandangan-pandangan hidup kita tentang perempuan, anak-anak, atau laki-laki misalnya, akan dengan mudah terlihat dari cara kita memberi hadiah ulang tahun kepada teman-teman kita yang laki-laki, perempuan dan anak-anak. Begitu juga dengan pandangan-pandangan hidup kita terhadap cinta, perang, dal lain-lain akan tampak dari hal-hal yang praktis juga. Representasi adalah konsep yang digunakan dalam proses sosial pemaknaan melalui sistem penandaan yang tersedia: dialog, tulisan, video, film, fotografi, dan sebagainya. Secara ringkas, representasi adalah produksi makna melalui bahasa.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Menurut Stuart Hall (1997), representasi adalah salah satu praktek penting yang memproduksi kebudayaan. Kebudayaan merupakan konsep yang sangat luas, kebudayaan menyangkut &amp;#39;pengalaman berbagi&amp;#39;. Seseorang dikatakan berasal dari kebudayaan yang sama jika manusia-manusia yang ada disitu membagi pengalaman yang sama, membagi kode-kode kebudayaan yang sama, berbicara dalam &amp;#39;bahasa&amp;#39; yang sama, dan saling berbagi konsep-konsep yang sama.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Bahasa adalah medium yang menjadi perantara kita dalam memaknai sesuatu, memproduksi dan mengubah makna. Bahasa mempu melakukan semua ini karena ia beroperasi sebagai sistem representasi. Lewat bahasa (simbol-simbol dan tanda tertulis, lisan, atau gambar) kita mengung-kapkan pikiran, konsep, dan ide-ide kita tentang sesuatu. Makna sesuatu hal sangat tergantung dari cara kita &amp;#39;merepresentasikannya&amp;#39;. Dengan mengamati kata-kata yang kita gunakan dan imej-imej yang kita gunakan dalam merepresenta-sikan se-suatu bisa terlihat jelas nilai-nilai yang kita berikan pada se-suatu tersebut.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Untuk menjelaskan bagaimana representasi makna lewat bahasa bekerja, kita bisa memakai tiga teori representasi yang dipakai sebagai usaha untuk menjawab pertanyaan: darimana suatu makna berasal? bagaimana kita membedakan antara makna yang sebenarnya dari sesuatu atau suatu imej dari sesuatu? Yang pertama adalah pendekatan reflektif. Di sini bahasa berfungsi sebagai cermin, yang merefleksikan makna yang sebenarnya dari segala sesuatu yang ada di dunia. Kedua adalah pendekatan intensional, dimana kita menggunakan bahasa untuk mengkomunikasikan sesuatu sesuai dengan cara pandang kita terhadap sesuatu. Sedangkan yang ketiga adalah pendekatan konstruksionis. Dalam pendekatan ini kita percaya bahwa kita mengkonstruksi makna lewat bahasa yang kita pakai.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Menurut Stuart Hall, ada dua proses representasi. Pertama, representasi mental. Yaitu konsep tentang &amp;lsquo;sesuatu&amp;rsquo; yang ada di kepala kita masing-masing (peta konseptual). Representasi mental ini masih berbentuk sesuatu yang abstrak. Kedua, &amp;#39;bahasa&amp;#39;, yang berperan penting dalam proses konstruksi makna. Konsep abstrak yang ada dalam kepala kita harus diterjemahkan dalam &amp;#39;bahasa&amp;#39; yang lazim, supaya kita dapat menghubungkan konsep dan ide-ide kita tentang sesuatu dengan tanda dan simbol-simbol tertentu.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Proses pertama memungkinkan kita untuk memaknai dunia dengan mengkonstruksi seperangkat rantai korespondensi antara sesuatu dengan sistem &amp;#39;peta konseptual&amp;#39; kita. Dalam proses kedua, kita mengkonstruksi seperangkat rantai korespondensi antara &amp;#39;peta konseptual&amp;#39; dengan bahasa atau simbol yang berfungsi merepresentasikan konsep-konsep kita tentang sesuatu. Relasi antara &amp;#39;sesuatu&amp;#39;, &amp;lsquo;peta konseptual&amp;#39;, dan &amp;#39;bahasa/simbol&amp;#39; adalah jantung dari produksi makna lewat bahasa. Proses yang menghubungkan ketiga elemen ini secara bersama-sama itulah yang kita namakan: representasi.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Konsep representasi bisa berubah-ubah. Selalu ada pemaknaan baru dan pandangan baru dalam konsep representasi yang sudah pernah ada. Karena makna sendiri juga tidak pernah tetap, ia selalu berada dalam proses negosiasi dan disesuaikan dengan situasi yang baru. Intinya adalah: makna tidak inheren dalam sesuatu di dunia ini, ia selalu dikonstruksikan, diproduksi, lewat proses representasi. Ia adalah hasil dari praktek penandaan. Praktek yang membuat sesuatu hal bermakna sesuatu. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Menurut Auge (1995), etnografer dapat dipandang setidaknya dalam tiga hal, yakni (a) &lt;i&gt;a social surveyor&lt;/i&gt;, (b) &lt;i&gt;a manipulator of scales&lt;/i&gt;, dan (c) &lt;i&gt;a low-level comparative language expert&lt;/i&gt;. Dengan demikian, dapat dipetakan bahwa etnografi sendiri mengalami beberapa masalah : (a) bahwa etnografi sangat tergantung pada alat linguistik, (b) etnografi tidak bisa murni objektif karena digambarkan secara kontekstual dan melalui kesepakatan retorik, serta legitimasi institusi (baik dilawan, didukung, dan sebagainya) , (c) etnografi tidak dapat menggambarkan multivokal, (d) kebudayaan terus berubah seiring dengan waktu padahal etnografi bertujuan &amp;#39;membekukan&amp;#39; budaya. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Poststrukturalis menyatakan adanya suatu permainan tanda-tanda. Bahasa telah dimaknai ulang, sehingga ia bukan semata-mata ekspresi subjektivitas melainkan pembentukan subjek. Subjektivitas itu sendiri tidak stabil. Etnografer kemudian menjadi pengarang, yang mana konstruksi realitas menjadi lebih dominan daripada deskripsi realitas. Ia memulai kerjanya dengan prejudis dan mengakhirinya dengan produksi realitas baru. Bahasa yang dipergunakan oleh etnografer tersebut pada akhirnya justru melahirkan realitas baru yang bisa jadi berbeda dengan realitas yang dikajinya dulu. Hal tersebut menjadi semakin tak terelakkan mengingat etnografer sendiri memiliki keterbatasan referensi bahasanya sendiri yang bisa dianggap cukup layak jika dipadankan dengan teks yang ada dalam masyarakat dan kebudayaan yang dikajinya. Permasalahan itu juga ditambah dengan kemampuan etnografer sendiri dalam menganalisis permasalahan yang diteliti yang sangat tergantung pada kapabilitas dan minat etnografer itu sendiri. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Problem metodologis ini terjadi pada setiap kerja etnografi. Beberapa etnografer yang bertugas pada wilayah yang sama terhadap aspek yang sama bisa jadi akan menghasilkan analisis dan laporan yang berbada, tergantung pada kapabilitas masing-masing. Perbedaan tersebut akan semakin besar jika aspek yang dikaji berbeda sekalipun wilayahnya sama. Perbedaan tersebut akan terus membesar jika dilakukan studi komparatif pada masyarakat yang terletak pada wilayah berbeda. Hal inilah yang kemudian menjadi pangkal kritik tajam terhadap George Murdock&amp;#39;s Files dalam Human Relation Area Files dalam Outline of World Cultures, 1963. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Definisi klasik bahwa etnografi bertujuan &lt;i&gt;&amp;#39;to grasp the native point of view&amp;#39;&lt;/i&gt; tampaknya dilanjutkan dengan &lt;i&gt;&amp;#39;subsequently to create new reality&amp;#39;. &lt;/i&gt;Pada tataran pembentukan konstruksi realitas baru tersebut, maka realitas kebudayaan yang dipotretnya tersebut dibekukan bahkan dimatikan melalui pembatasan dan penerjemahan selektif yang dilakukan oleh etnografer itu sendiri. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Mencermati Hibirida Identitas : Contoh Kasus I&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dalam bukunya yang terkenal, &lt;i&gt;Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism &lt;/i&gt;(1983), Ben Anderson menyatakan bahwa &amp;ldquo;bangsa&amp;rdquo; adalah sebuah &amp;ldquo;komunitas imajiner&amp;rdquo; dan identitas nasional adalah sebuah konstruksi yang diciptakan lewat simbol-simbol dan ritual-ritual dalam hubungannya dengan kategori administratif dan teritori. Menurutnya, bahasa nasional, kesadaran waktu, dan kesadaran ruang, merupakan konstruksi yang diciptakan lewat fasilitas-fasilitas komunikasi. Ia menjelaskan bahwa produksi koran dan buku-buku misalnya, menetapkan standar-standar bahasa yang kemudian menyediakan kondisi bagi terbentuknya sebuah kesadaran nasional.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kritik yang bisa dikemukan atas pemikiran Anderson ini adalah bahwa ia menganggap bahasa bersifat stabil. Anderson terlalu menekankan aspek homogen, kesatuan, dan kekuatan perasaan kebangsaan yang mengatasi perbedaan klas, gender, etnisitas dsb, dan tidak melihat bahwa perbedaan konteks dan lapangan-lapangan interaksi ternyata menciptakan identitas yang khusus dan berbeda-beda. Ketidakstabilan bahasa, menurut Homi Bhabha (1994), memaksa kita untuk tidak memikirkan kebudayaan dan identitas sebagai entitas yang bersifat tetap, tetapi selalu berubah. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pemikiran Anderson juga tidak memadai untuk melihat bagaimana kebudayaan dan identitas terbentuk dalam globalisasi. Globalisasi menyediakan sebuah tempat yang lapang bagi konstruksi identitas; pertukaran benda-benda/simbol-simbol dan pergerakan antartempat yang semakin mudah, yang dikombinasikan dengan perkembangan teknologi komunikasi, membuat percampuran dan pertemuan kebudayaan juga semakin mudah. Dalam globalisasi, kebudayan dan identitas bersifat translokal (Pieterse 1995). Kebudayaan dan identitas tidak lagi mencukupi jika dipahami dalam term tempat, tetapi akan lebih baik jika dikonseptualisasikan dalam term perjalanan. Dalam konsep ini tercakup budaya dan orang yang selalu dalam perjalanan dari satu tempat ke tempat lain, juga kebudayaan sebagai &lt;i&gt;sites of criss-crossing travellers&lt;/i&gt; (Clifford 1992).&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Ide tentang ketidakstabilan kebudayaan dan identitas dalam globalisasi membawa kita kepada pemahaman bahwa kebudayaan dan identitas selalu merupakan pertemuan dan percampuran berbagai kebudayan dan identitas yang berbeda-beda. Inilah yang disebut hibriditas kebudayaan dan identitas. Batas-batas kebudayaan yang mapan dikaburkan dan dibuat tidak stabil oleh hibridasi.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pada tahap ini menjadi penting untuk berbicara tentang kreolisasi. Dalam kreolisasi elemen-elemen kebudayaan lain diserap, tetapi dipraktekkan dengan tidak mempertimbangkan makna aslinya. Subkultur rasta di Jamaika memakai rantai di sabuk celana, panjang, menjuntai ke bawah, menyapu lantai. Mereka memakainya sebagai bentuk solidaritas kepada teman-temanya yang dipenjara. Tetapi di Indonesia, rantai semacam itu dipakai untuk pengikat dompet, selain sebagai asesori fesyen, juga agar tak mudah kecopetan. Konsep kreolisasi sekaligus memberikan cara berpikir alternatif, yang berbeda dengan konsep imperialisme kultural (Tomlinson 1991), yang menganggap Barat telah berhasil melakukan dominasi budaya atas Timur dengan menciptakan &amp;ldquo;kesadaran palsu&amp;rdquo; lewat budaya massa, benda-benda konsumen dll. Karena kenyataannya konsumen tidaklah pasif, melainkan menciptakan makna-makna baru bagi benda-benda dan simbol-simbol yang mereka konsumsi.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Homi Bhabha (1994) mengajukan konsep mimikri untuk menggambarkan proses peniruan/peminjaman berbagai elemen kebudayaan. Menurutnya mimikri tidaklah menunjukkan ketergantungan sang terjajah kepada yang dijajah, ketergantungan kulit berwarna kepada kulit putih, tetapi peniru menikmati/bermain dengan ambivalensi yang terjadi dalam proses imitasi. Ini terjadi karena mimikri selalu mengindikasikan makna yang &amp;ldquo;tidak tepat&amp;rdquo; dan &amp;ldquo;salah tempat&amp;rdquo;, ia imitasi sekaligus subversi. Dengan begitu mimikri bisa dipandang sebagai strategi menghadapi dominasi. Seperti penyamaran, ia bersifat ambivalen, melanggengkan tetapi sekaligus menegasikan dominasinya. Inilah dasar sebuah identitas hibrida.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Mencermati Pengalaman Spiritualitas : Contoh Kasus II&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Arogansi pemegang otoritas agama-agama besar dapat dijadikan bukti bahwa telah terjadi rezimentasi atas kebenaran beragama yang pada gilirannya mereka mengklaim bahwa merekalah yang memiliki kebenaran yang sejati sekaligus mengupayakan suatu legitimasi untuk melakukan tindakan-tindakan yang diperlukan dalam menjaga integritas beragama yang mereka atas namakan tersebut. Upaya pengawalan terhadap legitimasi tersebut dilakukan baik secara internal maupun eksternal dengan membentuk sistem pendisiplinan beragama. Menurut rezim ini, kebenaran beragama adalah apa-apa saja yang mereka gariskan, dan jika terdapat praktek yang berbeda maka hal tersebut dinilai sebagai bid`ah atau menyimpang atau sesat. Sekalipun garis yang dibuat oleh pemegang otoritas keagamaan tersebut cukup tegas, namun nyatanya kemunculan aliran-aliran alternatif dalam beragama yang berbeda dengan arus utama agama-agama besar terus menjamur. Mulai dari yang sangat fanatik sampai yang sangat moderat.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Di Indonesia, realitas berkembangnya berbagai aliran spiritual yang dianggap &amp;#39;berbeda&amp;#39; (istilah menyimpang / sesat dianggap tidak tepat) bisa menjadi studi kasus untuk melihat bagaimana seorang etnografer memahaminya dan menjelaskan realitas tersebut. Para etnografer bisa jadi menggunakan istilah aliran sesat ataupun menyebutnya sebagai aliran sesat. Bisa juga dengan sebutan apapun. Apapun istilah yang digunakan, etnografer pasti melakukan negosiasi identitas terhadap publik. Umumnya, masyarakat awam mengamini klaim yang diajukan oleh pemegang otoritas rezim keagamaan yang resmi. Katakanlah, etnografer tersebut tidak terbawa arus pemikiran dan memilih mengidentifikasi kelompok aliran tersebut sebagai aliran yang &amp;#39;beda&amp;#39;. Ia bisa mengidentifikasinya sebagai aliran spiritual, aliran posreligius dan lain sebagainya. Etnografer tersebut selanjutnya akan menguraikan satu-persatu dengan berbagai deskripsi dan narasi. Ia bisa jadi menyalahkan ataupun membenarkan klaim kebenaran, baik yang diajukan oleh otoritas keagamaan besar maupun klaim kebenaran yang dipercayai oleh penganut aliran spiritual tersebut..&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Permasalahannya ternyata tidak sesederhana pada tataran identifikasi kelompok saja. Pengalaman spiritual atau pengalaman Ketuhanan tidak sesederhana itu. Pengalaman tersebut bersifat sangat pribadi yang mana masing-masing pribadi memiliki pengalaman Ketuhanan ataupun pengalaman spiritual yang berbeda yang pada masing-masing pribadi tersebut memiliki bahasa yang berbeda dalam menjelaskan pengalamannya itu. Pengalaman Ketuhanan pada masing-masing anggota aliran spiritual tersebut bisa jadi berbeda dengan beberapa kesamaan yang relatif. Berbeda juga dengan pengalaman Ketuhanan yang dirasakan oleh pengikut arus utama agama besar. Berbeda pula dengan pengalaman Ketuhanan yang dialami oleh sang etnografer sendiri. Perbedaan tersebut terletak pada pengalaman yang dialami dan pada kode bahasa yang digunakan dalam menjelaskan pengalaman pribadi tersebut. Apa yang disampaikan dan apa yang diterima bisa jadi berbeda maksud dan penafsirannya. Relasi &lt;i&gt;signified&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i&gt;signifier&lt;/i&gt; menjadi tidak pasti sehingga makna menjadi tidak pasti. Dengan demikian, upaya generalisasi dan komparasi pengalaman spiritual menjadi tidak tepat. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Jika menggunakan bingkai strukturalis ala Saussure dan Levi-Strauss, maka etnografer dapat dipastikan akan memandang dan menilai aliran spiritual tersebut dalam posisi biner, bisa jadi ia menyalahkan ataupun sebaliknya. Namun jika sang etnografer memandangnya melalui bingkai poststrukturalis, maka ia akan menemukan bahwa oposisi yang terjadi tidaklah bersifat biner. Subjek memiliki otonominya masing-masing. Pengalaman spiritual tersebut bersifat polivokal atau polimorfik. Pembaca karya etnografi juga harus menyadari bahwa sang etnografer juga memiliki otonomi subjek yang hal tersebut akan relatif mempengaruhi bagaimana ia menulis tentang fenomena aliran spiritual tersebut. Antara objek kajian, etnografer, dan pembaca etnografi akan ditemukan negosiasi identitas yang tentu saja tidak bermakna tunggal, bahkan makna yang hadir tidaklah stabil. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kesimpulan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Poststrukturalis dan posmodernisme menunjukkan bahwa relasi antara &lt;i&gt;signifier&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i&gt;signified&lt;/i&gt; tidak pasti sebab tidak ada proses determinasi yang pasti pula. Dengan demikian, makna menjadi tidak tetap karena terjadi &lt;i&gt;destabilization text&lt;/i&gt; yang berlanjut menjadi &lt;i&gt;destablilization meaning&lt;/i&gt;. Akibat ketidakpastian tersebut, maka bahasa sangat tergantung dengan interpreter, sedangkan interpreter membawa politiknya sendiri yang sengaja maupun tak sengaja fungsinya sebagai interpreter berubah menjadi pembentuk konstruksi &amp;#39;realitas&amp;#39; yang baru. Betapapun seorang etnografer mencoba menjembatani kode lingusitik dan menghindari deterministik, namun ia tetap akan terjebak dalam ambisi ilmu pengetahuan yang berusaha melegitimasi upaya penentuan mana yang realitas dan mana yang bukan. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>Simbolisme dan Politik  Bahasa</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Simbolisme+dan+Politik++Bahasa</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Simbolisme+dan+Politik++Bahasa</guid><pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2007 23:40:28 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;PEMAKNAAN SIMBOLISME BAHASA &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;IDEOLOGI DALAM POLITIK - MILITER &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;DALAM PEMBERITAAN MEDIA MASSA &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Studi Kasus Tentang Konflik Bersenjata di Aceh&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Oleh: Vegitya Ramadhani Putri&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(Essay ini dibuat sebagai tugas akhir mata kuliah Teori Simbol)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Kebudayaan sebagai Sistem Simbol&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kebudayaan didefinisikan dengan berbagai cara. Bisa dimulai dengan sebuah definisi yang tipikal, yaitu definisi yang diusulkan oleh Marvin Harris dalam buku &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Rise of Anthropological Theory&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (1968) : &amp;ldquo;konsep kebudayaan ditampakkan dalam berbagai pola tingkah laku yang dikaitkan dengan kelompok-kelompok masyarakat tertentu, seperti adat (&lt;i&gt;custom&lt;/i&gt;), atau cara hidup masyarakat&amp;rdquo;. Membatasi definisi kebudayaan dengan pengetahuan yang dimiliki bersama, tidaklah menghilangkan perhatian pada tingkah laku, adat, objek, dan emosi. Terjadi pengubahan penekanan dari berbagai fenomena ini menjadi penekanan pada makna berbagai fenomena itu.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Konsep kebudayaan ini (sebagai suatu sistem simbol yang mempunyai makna) banyak mempunyai persamaan dengan interaksionalisme simbolik, sebuah teori yang berusaha menjelaskan tingkah laku manusia dalam kaitannya dengan makna interaksionalisme simbolik berakar dari karya para ahli sosiologi seperti Cooly, Mead, dan Thomas. Blumer mengidentifikasikan tiga premis sebagai landasan teori ini sebagaimana yang dikemukakannya dalam &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Simbolic Interactionalism&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Premis Pertama&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Manusia melakukan berbagai hal atas dasar makna yang diberikan oleh berbagai hal itu kepada mereka. Artinya, bahwa orang tidak bertindak terhadap berbagai hal ini, tetapi terhadap makna yang dikandungnya.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Premis Kedua&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Yang mendasari interaksionalisme simbolik adalah bahwa makna dari berbagai hal itu berasal dari atau muncul dari interaksi sosial seseorang dengan orang lain. Kebudayaan, sebagai suatu sistem makna yang dimiliki bersama, dipelajari, diperbaiki, dipertahankan, dan didefinisikan dalam konteks orang yang berinteraksi. Budaya masing-masing kelompok, tak dapat disangkal lagi, terikat dengan kehidupan sosial komunitas mereka yang khas. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Premis Ketiga&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Makna ditangani atau dimodifikasi melalui suatu proses penafsiran yang digunakan oleh orang dalam kaitannya dengan berbagai hal yang ia hadapi. Menggunakan kebudayaan untuk menginterpretasikan situasi. Aspek penafsiran ini dapat dilihat secara lebih jelas apabila menganggap kebudayaan sebagai peta berulang-ulang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Peta kognitif berperan sebagai pedoman untuk bertindak dan menginterpretasikan pengalaman. Peta kognitif tidak memaksa untuk mengikuti suatu urutan tertentu karena kebanyakan kehidupan merupakan serangkaian kesempatan sosial yang tidak diketahui sebelumnya. Walau suatu kebudayaan tidak mencakup suatu peta detail mengenai berbagai kejadian, namun memberikan prinsip-prinsip untuk menginterpretasikan dan memberi respon terhadap kebudayaan itu. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Bahasa sebagai Simbol Kekuasaan dan Kekuatan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Bahasa memiliki &lt;i&gt;power&lt;/i&gt; (dimaknai luas yaitu kekuatan dan kekuasaan) yang sangat signifikan. Berkaitan dengan &lt;i&gt;power&lt;/i&gt; bahasa, Terry Eagleton bahkan mengungkapkan bahwa bahasa adalah &lt;i&gt;&amp;ldquo;power, conflict, and struggle, weapon as much as medium, poison as well as care, the bars of prison house as well as possible way out&amp;rdquo; &lt;/i&gt;(bahasa adalah kekuatan, pertentangan, pergulatan, sebagai senjata sekaligus penengah, racun sekaligus obat, penjara sekaligus jalan keluar). Berdasar hal-hal tersebut, maka kajian ini berupaya untuk mengelaborasi dan mengkritisi perihal fenomena dan keberadaan bahasa pada budaya massa sekarang ini, manakala didialektikakan dengan konstruksi kepentingan politik militer, merupakan suatu hal yang keberadaannya relatif bermakna krusial, vital, dan strategis. Dalam kaitannya dengan hal tersebut, makalah ini mencoba mengambil optik posisi. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Mengkaji wacana politik dan militer, sebenarnya akan dihadapkan pada keniscayaan eksistensi dan representasi sistem penandaan &lt;i&gt;(sign system)&lt;/i&gt; dari bahasa, baik yang bersifat visual maupun yang nonvisual. Bahasa yang disimbolkan di sini dapat dimaknai sebagai fenomena &lt;i&gt;cultural text&lt;/i&gt;, yang akan dapat memberikan gambaran &amp;rdquo;pencanderaan&amp;rdquo; perihal kontekstual akan warna sebuah realitas sosial dan kultur publik pendukungnya. Namun demikian, teori terbaru mengenai bahasa sebagai bagian dari sebuah kenyataan kultural, ternyata keberadaannya tidak hanya merupakan refleksi dari realitas sosialnya semata, melainkan juga memiliki kemampuan atau daya untuk membentuk atau mengkonstruksi realitas itu sendiri. Di ungkapkan bahwa bahasa itu memiliki hubungan dua arah dengan realitas sosial. Di satu pihak bahasa dapat menjadi cermin bagi keadaan disekelilingnya, namun di lain pihak ia juga dapat membentuk realitas sosial itu sendiri. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kemampuan bahasa untuk membentuk realitas sosial, juga diungkapkan bahwa semua bahasa memiliki &lt;i&gt;power&lt;/i&gt; untuk mengkonstruksi. Hal ini juga ditegaskan, yakni bahwa &lt;i&gt;&amp;ldquo;ideology is inhernt within language&amp;rdquo;&lt;/i&gt; (ideologi itu inheren dengan bahasa), dan karena bahasa memuat ideologi, maka ia sangat berpotensi untuk membentuk subjektivitas seseorang. Demikian juga bahasa yang sifatnya visual (misalnya bahasa yang berbentuk gambar), juga memiliki kekuatan dan kuasa untuk mengkonstruksi subjektivitas dan kesadaran kita, meskipun secara samar atau diam-diam. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Oleh karena itu, bahasa bukan semata-mata alat komunikasi atau sebuah sistem kode atau nilai yang sewenang-wenang menunjuk pada satu realitas yang monolitik. Secara sosial, ia dikonstruksi dan direkonstruksi dalam setting sosial tertentu, daripada tertata menurut hukum dan kaedah secara ilmiah universal. Martin Heidegger pernah mengungkapkan, bahwa dalam bahasalah bersemayam &amp;ldquo;sang ada&amp;rdquo;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Oleh karena itu, sebagai representasi dari hubungan-hubungan sosial tertentu, simbol-simbol bahasa senantiasa membentuk subjek-subjek, strategi-strategi, dan tema-tema wacana tertentu. Jurgen Habermas dalam bukunya &lt;i&gt;Zur Logic der Sozialwissenscheften&lt;/i&gt; (1967), telah mengisyaratkan bahwa proses-proses sosial dan politik itu tidak melulu beranyamkan &amp;ldquo;praksis kerja&amp;rdquo;, tetapi juga &amp;ldquo;praksis komunikasi&amp;rdquo;. Oleh karena itu, penggelaran operasi kekuasaan pun tidak terbatas pada pengendalian sarana sistem produksi material, tetapi tak kalah pentingnya adalah upaya-upaya memanipulasi sistem-sistem reproduksi ideasional. Singkatnya, bahasa merupakan ruang bagi pergelaran kuasa-kuasa tertentu. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kesadaran akan pentingnya bahasa sebagai &amp;ldquo;semen&amp;rdquo; sosial, cara &amp;ldquo;mengada&amp;rdquo;, dan berkuasa, telah menyedot minat dan perhatian banyak pemikir besar, serta senantiasa menjadi tema yang cukup dominan dan strategis, di sepanjang sejarah filsafat pemikiran ilmu pengetahuan dan kebudayaan selama ini. Dalam perkembangan sejarah pemikiran selama ini, persoalan studi perihal representasi bahasa di dunia, dikenal tiga paradigma besar, yang masing-masing memiliki &lt;i&gt;Zeitgeist&lt;/i&gt; (jiwa zaman) yang berbeda, yakni paradigma empirisme-positivistik, paradigma fenomenologis-interpretatif, dan paradigma kritis &lt;i&gt;(discursive practice).&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Adapun salah satu kajian perihal eksistensi bahasa yang kiranya cukup bermakna signifikan-strategisdi era sekarang ini, yakni simbol bahasa yang terinterpretasi di media massa. Hal ini lebih disebabkan oleh keberadaan media massa itu sendiri di era &amp;ldquo;revolusi gelombang ketiga&amp;rdquo; (revolusi informasi dan komunikasi) di saat ini, mempunyai peran yang sangat vital bagi masyarakat, yakni mampu menpengaruhi persepsi, perilaku, serta cara pandang baru atas berbagai persoalan. Hal tersebut, sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh seorang furolog terkenal, yakni Alvin Toffler, yang mengungkapkan bahwa pada era revolusi informasi ini, peran media massa, baik cetak maupun elektronik, menjadi suatu keniscayaan kebutuhan yang tidak bisa terhindarkan di masyarakat. Pada era ini terjadi revolusi informasi dan komunikasi, bahkan ada yang menyebutnya sebagai &lt;i&gt;&amp;ldquo;the communication explotion&amp;rdquo; &lt;/i&gt;(ledakan komunikasi). Dalam era ini pula, akhirnya kita dapat menemukan verifikasi dari hipotetisnya Alvin Toffler, yakni kaitannya antara &lt;i&gt;infosphere-sociosphere-psycophere&lt;/i&gt; teknologi komunikasi yang baru telah membentuk dan mengubah cara hidup kita. Dengan media komunikasi yang baru, &lt;i&gt;&amp;ldquo;we are fabricating a total psycological environment of ourselves&amp;rdquo;&lt;/i&gt;, demikian ungkapan Frederick William. Kembali pada persoalan simbol bahasa, Levi&amp;ndash;Strauss memandang bahwa yang dinamakan dengan bahasa kebahasaan itu, tidak hanya sebatas pada makna dari simbol bahasa tulis maupun lisan, melainkan semua fenomena sosial budaya yang lebih luas, seperti misalnya pakaian, ritual, dan lain-lain, juga dimaknai sebagai gejala bahasa. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Studi Kasus Simbolisme Bahasa pada Pemberitaan Konflik TNI dan GAM&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Masyarakat dengan sistem informasi yang bebas nyaris tak punya problem dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan informasinya. Di situ segala macam informasi cukup tersedia dan dapat diakses dengan bebas, mudah, dan cepat. Kecukupan, kebebasan, kemudahan, dan kecepatan ini merupakan kondisi yang kondusif untuk munculnya &amp;ldquo;press bebas&amp;rdquo;. Dengan mudah pula terbentuknya kelompok kepentingan yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan kebutuhan informasinya, yang dalam istilah Westley dan MacLean disebut sebuah &amp;ldquo;komunikator dengan tujuan tertentu&amp;rdquo; &lt;i&gt;(purposive communicator).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sebaliknya, dalam masyarakat di mana segala macam informasi menjadi sangat terbatas, sulit, dan lambat diakses oleh setiap orang atau kelompok yang membutuhkannya, munculnya kendala tertentu tak bisa diabaikan begitu saja. Bagaimana mereka mendapatkan informasi dan dari mana asalnya? Ini berarti mempertanyakan betapa berpengaruhnya sebuah media dan betapa sangat tergantungnya masyarakat pada salah satu media. Bagaimana asyiknya sekelompok orang di warung kopi menonton siaran pertandingan bola tau kerusuhan Ambon hanya dari stasiun televisi milik pemerintah, atau bergerombolnya sekelompok santri di depan koran dinding sebuah pesantren, menyimak berita yang sama dari satu surat kabar saja, bisa menjadi ilustrasi yang tepat tentang hal ini. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dengan posisi seperti itu sebenarnya, media massa mempunyai agenda tertentu untuk setiap konflik. Media massa bisa saja memuat berita sebuah konflik, dengan begitu a telah membentuk opini publik tentang konflik itu dan menciptakan isu baru, dan bahkan melegitimasi konflik itu. Atau sebaliknya, ia sama sekali tidak memuat berita sebuah konflik, yang berarti menghilangkan sebuah peristiwa dari agenda perbincangan, dan menutup hak setiap orang untuk mendapat informasi &lt;i&gt;(rights to know)&lt;/i&gt;. Semua ini kemudian berpulang pada soal selera dan politik pemberitaan media, bagaimana media mengemas berita konflik atau kerusuhan menjadi sajian yang bisa dinikmati semua orang. Artinya, ada kepentingan bisnis yang turut bermain, di samping kepentingan ideal sebuah kerja jurnalistik. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Namun, kekuasaan dan keleluasaan dan kekuasaan di belakang meja tidak berarti berbanding lurus dengan kondisi di wilayah konflik, saat peliputan. Jelas, ada banyak soal yang ditemui reporter dalam meliput sebuah konflik. Ini pula yang kemudian menyebabkan desain atau pola peliputan media massa menjadi &amp;ldquo;sangat khas&amp;rdquo;. &amp;ldquo;Kekhasan&amp;rdquo; ini kemudian menjadi simbol-simbol komunikasi yang biasa dikonsumsi publik. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Misalnya dalam kasus Aceh, awak media mempunyai akses informasi yang amat terbatas pada sumber berita, terutama akses pada kalangan GAM. Sebaliknya, militer sangat siap dengan segala informasi &amp;ldquo;siap pakai&amp;rdquo; tentang konflik tersebut. Tak heran kalau kemudian awak media massa lebih banyak menyandarkan diri pada sumber resmi militer atau pemerintah. Timbul kesan, pemberitaan pers tidak seimbang, terlampau berat ke militer, sampai-sampai ada ungkapan telah terjadi &amp;ldquo;militerisasi kosakata&amp;rdquo; dalam pemberitaan pers tentang kasus Aceh.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sebuah riset yang dilakukan Institut Studi arus Informasi (ISAI) dan juga Kajian Informasi dan Pendidikan Pers (KIPPAS) menyimpulkan adanya dominasi militer dalam pemberitaan konflik Aceh. Dengan mengacu pada pemberitaan empat media cetak terbitan Jakarta : Kompas, Media Indonesia, Republika, dan Suara Pembaruan, riset ISAI yang dipublikasikan dalam Pantau edisi 06, Oktober-November 1999, mereka mencoba memetakan politik pemberitaan media tersebut terhadap konflik Aceh. Riset ini diturunkan dalam dua tulisan tangan Eriyanto. Yakni &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;ldquo;Media Sangat Tergantung Sumber Militer&amp;rdquo;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; dan &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;ldquo;Militerisasi Kosakata&amp;rdquo;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Sementara KIPPAS menyajikan &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;ldquo;Mengkaji Media Medan dan Banda Aceh&amp;rdquo;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; yang merupakan telaah koran lokal Serambi Indonesia, Waspada, dan Analisa terhadap pemberitaan konflik Aceh.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dalam riset itu ditemukan fakta bahwa seluruh pemberitaan media mengenai Aceh, sebagian besar sumber beritanya adalah militer, baik pejabat militer pusat maupun daerah. Dominanya militer di Tanah Rencong, menurut Pantau, menunjukkan dua hal yang saling berkaitan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pertama, lamanya jurnalis absen di Aceh membuat mereka tidak mempunyai akses langsung dengan sumber informasi lain di Aceh. Kondisi ini menyebabkan keterangan pejabat militer menjadi sumber informasi utama, akibatnya, seluruh peristiwa di Aceh dijelaskan dengan simbol-simbol dalam perspektif militer, yang cenderung menguntungkan militer. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kedua, berhubungan dengan perilaku militer itu sendiri. Dalam setiap perang apapun, militer mempunyai kepentingan dan karenanya mempunyai strategi untuk menguasai dan mengontrol informasi. Bentuknya bisa bermacam-macam. Dalam kasus Aceh, kontrol berupa pengendalian siapa yang berhak bicara mengenai peristiwa tersebut. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dari sekian banyak pemberitaan media seputar kasus Aceh, sumber militer pusat dan daerah mempunyai ranking tertinggi. Ketergantungan ini berakibat pada pengungkapan sebuah kasus. Kalau militer belum mengumumkan secara resmi adanya kasus tertentu, pers kita belum berani memberitakannya. Dominannya militer juga berpengaruh pada citra pihak-pihak yang bersengketa, yakni GAM dan TNI. Tabel frekuensi penggambaran memperlihatkan citra militer yang tampak baik. Semua media menggembarkan militer dalam citra yang positif. Namun, citra negatif militer digambarkan pula, meskipun dalam frekuensi yang amat kecil. Sementara citra GAM negatif seluruhnya. Di bagian akhir, riset ini menyimpulkan, semua yang terjadi di Aceh adalah usaha militer untuk mengukuhka legitimasinya. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sementara dalam riset berjudul &amp;ldquo;Militerisasi Kosakata&amp;rdquo;, Pantau menyajikan fakta-fakta tentang tindakan militer dalam memproduksi berbagai istilah ataupun simbol-simbol yang cenderung menguntungkan dirinya sendiri. Hal ini sesuai dengan kata-kata C. Condit yang dikutip James Lull tentang media massa, &amp;ldquo; Menyebarluaskan dan melegitimasi dengan cara yang menyenangkan, suatu kosakata politik yang lebih mendukung kepentingan dan kelompok tertentu atas yang lain-lain, dengan menghadirkan simbol-simbol dan kode-kode mereka&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Ada setidaknya 27 peristiwa dimana TNI dan GAM atau rakyat sipil bentrok selama Mei-Juli 1999. sebagian besar kata yang digunakan untuk melukiskan itu semua adalah &lt;b&gt;&amp;ldquo;kontak senjata&amp;rdquo;&lt;/b&gt;. Kata lain yang banyak dipakai adalah &lt;b&gt;&amp;ldquo;insiden&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;bentrok&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;baku tembak&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;kerusuhan&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;tragedi&amp;rdquo;&lt;/b&gt;, dan sejumlah kata lain. Semua istilah itu menunjukkan sesuatu yang khas. Kontak senjata misalnya, dinilai aneh dam menipu. Istilah ini mengasosiasikan seolah terjadi situasi yang berhadap-hadapan antara TNI dan GAM. Artinya, dari segi linguistik, pemakaian istilah ini sangat aneh. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Karena ini pula kategorisasi terhadap militer dan GAM, berada dalam dua kutub yang berbeda, demonisasi versus humanisasi pihak yang bertikai dalam jurnalisme perang. Militer mencitrakan dirinya dengan istilah simbolistik khas militer Indonesia : &lt;b&gt;aparat keamanan, petugas keamanan, ataupun PPRM (pasukan penindak rusuh massa).&lt;/b&gt; Sebutan ini dinilai mengandung bias ideologis di dalamnya, karena menganggap militer memang bertugas menjaga dan memelihara keamanan, sehingga kalau berbuat sesuatu harus dipahami dalam konteks tersebut. Sementara kata &amp;ldquo;militer&amp;rdquo; dan &amp;ldquo;tentara&amp;rdquo; jarang dipakai. Sementara GAM dengan citranya yang negatif seluruhnya, disebut dengan istilah yang buruk pula. Ada banyak &lt;i&gt;labeling&lt;/i&gt; simbolistik yang ditemukan dalam media, diantaranya &lt;b&gt;GAM, kelompok tak dikenal, kelompok bersenjata, kelompok sipil bersenjata, dan GPLHT (gerakan pengacau liar Hasan Tiro). &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Begitu juga dengan tindakan TNI dan GAM. Sesuai dengan citranya yang negatif, tindakan GAM selalu disimbolisasikan sebagai &lt;b&gt;penyergapan, penghadangan, penembakan,&lt;/b&gt; dan kata-kata lain. Semua ini direproduksi oleh militer cenderung untuk menguntungkan militer, dan oleh jurnalis diadopsi begitu saja sehingga cenderung melegitimasi militer. Sebaliknya, militer menggunakan sejumah istilah yang lebih banyak menguntungkan dirinya. Segala sesuatu yang menimbulkan kesan militer tidak kejam, tidak bodoh, dan tidak kalah. Kata-kata simbol yang paling banyak digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan militer adalah &lt;b&gt;penembakkan, pengamanan, tembakan balasan, penangkapan dan pemeriksaan&lt;/b&gt; serta simbol-simbol lainnya.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dari riset tersebut dapat disimpulkan secara singkat, bahwa lantaran terlalu tergantung pada militer, tanpa disadari media massa kita terjebak menjadi media propaganda militer. Militer dengan amat efektif menggunakan media massa kita untuk mem-blow up sesuatu yang banyak menguntungkan dirinya. Akibatnya, pihak yang didentifikasikan sebagai musuh dalam hal ini GAM, tidak mendapatkan ruang publikasi yang memadai. Di tambah lagi perspektif yang dipakai media massa untuk menilai GAM adalah perspektif militer. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Riset KIPPAS Medan yang memfokuskan pada dua peristiwa, yaitu peristiwa Peudada dan Bataqiah juga menyimpulkan hal yang sama. Isi berita Serambi Indonesia, Waspada, dan Analisa kelihatannya tidak terlepas dari pengaruh sosial politik yang melatar belakangi kasus itu. Militer sebagai lembaga yang merepresentasikan negara tampil eksklusif dan konfrontatif berhadapan dengan kekuatan lembaga-lembaga kemasyarakatan lainnya, khususnya yang bersifat inkonfensional dengan berbagai akronim seperti GAM, GPK, GBPK (gerakan bersenjata pengacau keamanan), dan lain-lain. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Simbolisme Bahasa dalam Kajian Filsafat Analitik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sejak dahulu hingga sekarang banyak orang selalu terbentur pada kesulitan yang serupa, yaitu sarana yang memadai untuk menyampaikan maksud-maksud filsafat. Sarana tersebut antara lain simbol-simbol dalam bahasa. Dalam menjelaskan simbol-simbol dalam bahasa tersebut tentunya melalui beberapa teori, antara lain :&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Teori Acuan &lt;i&gt;(Referential Theory)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Menurut Alston, teori ini merupakan teori arti yang mengenali (mengidentifikasikan) arti suatu ungkapan dengan apa yang diacunya atau dengan hubungan acuan itu. Contohnya dalam kasus ini yakni,GAM diidentikkan dengan kelompok tak dikenal, kelompok bersenjata, kelompok sipil bersenjata, dan GPLHT (gerakan pengacau liar Hasan Tiro). &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Teori Ideasi &lt;i&gt;(The Ideational Theory)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Teori yang menawarkan alternatif lain untuk memecahkan masalah arti suatu ungkapan dengan melalui gagasan-gagasan yang berhubungan dengan ungkapan itu, dimana pada kenyataannya bahwa ungkapan tersebut digunakan secara teratur dalam komunikasi sebagai simbol dari suatu gagasan yang pasti. Contohnya penggunaan simbol-simbol &amp;ldquo;kontak senjata&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;insiden&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;bentrok&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;baku tembak&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;kerusuhan&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;tragedi&amp;rdquo;, dan sejumlah kata lain, untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Teori Tingkah Laku &lt;i&gt;(Behavioral Theory)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Menurut Alston, teori tingkah laku ini coba menyodorkan alternatif mengenai kriteria atau tolak ukur dari arti suatu kata atau ungkapan bahasa dengan stimuli yang menimbulkan simbol tersebut dan/atau respon yang diharapkan dari stimuli tersebut. Misalnya yaitu istilah penyergapan, penghadangan, dan penembakan, yang maksudnya berupaya menghadirkan citra negatif pada GAM. Komparasikan dengan istilah penembakkan, pengamanan, tembakan balasan, penangkapan dan pemeriksaan untuk memberi citra positif terhadap militer. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kekuasaan Ideologis dalam Pemaknaan Simbolisme&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Karena terpengaruh oleh para pemikir seperti Marx, Freud, dan&amp;mdash;lebih belakangan&amp;mdash;Mannheim, arti istilah ini bergeser. Dalam penggunaan yang lebih modern dan sempit, i&lt;i&gt;deologi&lt;/i&gt; biasanya mengacu pada sistem gagasan yang dapat digunakan untuk merasionalisasikan, memberi teguran, memaafkan, menyerang, atau menjelaskan keyakinan, kepercayaan, tindak atau pengaturan kultural tertentu, dengan demikian bila sekarang orang berkata bahwa suatu sistem gagasan bersifat &amp;ldquo; ideologis&amp;rdquo; biasanya ini berarti gagasan-gagasan itu bersifat partisan, artinya tidak terlalu obyektif melainkan disusun untuk mendukung ( atau menyerang ) sesuatu misi atau maksud tertentu. Dalam pengertian ini nuansa khusus tersebut dipertentangkan dengan kenetralan pengetahuan dalam artinya yang murni. Dikatakan bahwa ideolog menggunakan atau bahkan mencocokkan fakta demi m,enduilkungsikap ideologisnya, dan bukannya membenahi sistem gagasannya sendiri manakala fakta menghendaki demikian.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Manusia terutama adalah mahluk yang mengkonseptualisasilkan dan menyimbolkan, seperti dikemukakan oleh Leslie White, sesungguhnya manusialah satu-satunya mahluk yang dapat dibunuh dengan sebuah lambang, oleh sebab itu tampak masuk akal kalau kita anggap bahwa sistem simbol atau ideologi yang digunakan manusia untuk menjelaskan menanata sistem sosial serta alaminuya akan menentukan suatu perannadalam pelestarian serta perubahan struktur kemasyarakatan, akan tetapi pertaannya adalah seberapa besar pertan faktor ideologis dalam menentukan pelestarian serta perubahn kultural itu ? pertanyaan ini akan menjadi salah satu ihwal paling kontroversial dibidang antropologi. Dan bahkan seluruh ilmu sosial., soal ini sangat kontroversial antara lain karena prertimbangan ekstra-ilmiah yang bersifat moralistik ikut terbawa-bawa puladalam perbincangan. Karena gagasan adalah hasil ciptaan budi manusia, penereimaan terhadap ideologi anutan banyak penulis diartikan sebagai hantaman terhadap pengertian kehendak bebas dan otonomi hakiki manusia. Sebaliknya , pandangan yang melecehkan peran ideologi atau yang memperlakukan ideologi sebagai hal yang terutama bersifat epifenomenal, sering diserang sebagai bersifat deterministik sehingga merendahkan harkat intrinsik manusia. Dengan demikian, pembicaraan mengenai peran ideologi dalam budaya sering tidak lagi merupakan soal ilmiah sejati dalam menilai bobot kausal faktor-faktor ideologis dalam sistem budaya melainkan sudah menjadi syarat dengan emosi.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>Simbol &amp; Interpretasi</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Simbol+%26+Interpretasi</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Simbol+%26+Interpretasi</guid><pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2007 23:29:08 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;KONSUMSI SIMBOLIK DALAM INTERPRETASI NILAI-NILAI IDEOLOGIS &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;PADA IKLAN PRODUK KECANTIKAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Oleh : Vegitya Ramadhani Putri&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;(Essay ini dibuat sebagai tugas akhir mata kuliah Antropologi Konsumsi)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Kebudayaan sebagai Sistem Simbol&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kebudayaan didefinisikan dengan berbagai cara. Bisa dimulai dengan sebuah definisi yang tipikal, yaitu definisi yang diusulkan oleh Marvin Harris dalam buku &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Rise of Anthropological Theory&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (1968) : &amp;ldquo;konsep kebudayaan ditampakkan dalam berbagai pola tingkah laku yang dikaitkan dengan kelompok-kelompok masyarakat tertentu, seperti adat (&lt;i&gt;custom&lt;/i&gt;), atau cara hidup masyarakat&amp;rdquo;. Membatasi definisi kebudayaan dengan pengetahuan yang dimiliki bersama, tidaklah menghilangkan perhatian pada tingkah laku, adat, objek, dan emosi. Terjadi pengubahan penekanan dari berbagai fenomena ini menjadi penekanan pada makna berbagai fenomena itu.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Konsep kebudayaan ini (sebagai suatu sistem simbol yang mempunyai makna) banyak mempunyai persamaan dengan interaksionalisme simbolik, sebuah teori yang berusaha menjelaskan tingkah laku manusia dalam kaitannya dengan makna interaksionalisme simbolik berakar dari karya para ahli sosiologi seperti Cooly, Mead, dan Thomas. Blumer mengidentifikasikan tiga premis sebagai landasan teori ini sebagaimana yang dikemukakannya dalam &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Simbolic Interactionalism:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Premis Pertama&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Manusia melakukan berbagai hal atas dasar makna yang diberikan oleh berbagai hal itu kepada mereka. Artinya, bahwa orang tidak bertindak terhadap berbagai hal ini, tetapi terhadap makna yang dikandungnya.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Premis Kedua&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Yang mendasari interaksionalisme simbolik adalah bahwa makna dari berbagai hal itu berasal dari atau muncul dari interaksi sosial seseorang dengan orang lain. Kebudayaan, sebagai suatu sistem makna yang dimiliki bersama, dipelajari, diperbaiki, dipertahankan, dan didefinisikan dalam konteks orang yang berinteraksi. Budaya masing-masing kelompok, tak dapat disangkal lagi, terikat dengan kehidupan sosial komunitas mereka yang khas. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Premis Ketiga&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Makna ditangani atau dimodifikasi melalui suatu proses penafsiran yang digunakan oleh orang dalam kaitannya dengan berbagai hal yang ia hadapi. Menggunakan kebudayaan untuk menginterpretasikan situasi. Aspek penafsiran ini dapat dilihat secara lebih jelas apabila menganggap kebudayaan sebagai peta berulang-ulang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Peta kognitif berperan sebagai pedoman untuk bertindak dan menginterpretasikan pengalaman. Peta kognitif tidak memaksa untuk mengikuti suatu urutan tertentu karena kebanyakan kehidupan merupakan serangkaian kesempatan sosial yang tidak diketahui sebelumnya. Walau suatu kebudayaan tidak mencakup suatu peta detail mengenai berbagai kejadian, namun memberikan prinsip-prinsip untuk menginterpretasikan dan memberi respon terhadap kebudayaan itu. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Hegemoni Pasar dalam Perubahan Budaya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Mungkin proses-proses yang paling terbuka dan paling sadar yang digunakan nilai-nilai materialisme rasional untuk menemukan cara untuk memasuki budaya rakyat adalah dengan timbulnya pemasaran, yang melibatkan suatu pembentukkan kembali budaya secara disengaja alias rekayasa kebudayaan. Budaya suatu masyarakat manusia amat mirip dengan apa yang dinamakan ilmuwan fisika dengan bidang (&lt;i&gt;field&lt;/i&gt;),aitu suatu konsep yang mereka kembangkan untuk menjelaskan kepaduan yang dengannya zat fisikal mengatur dirinya. Sebuah bidang itu adalah kekuatan universal yang merembesi ruang dan melaksanakan pengaruh terhadap zat, seperti sebuah bidang elektromagnetik atau suatu bidang daya tarik. Bidang-bidang itu per definisi tidak dapat dilihat, dan hanya dapat dideteksi dan diukur dengan efek-efek materialnya.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Demikian pula, budaya atau kebudayaan adalah bidang-bidang masyarakat yang mengatur namun tidak terlihat. Meskipun budaya-budaya itu merembesi ruang-ruang sosial kita, namun ia hanya dapat terlihat dalam perilaku orang-orang yang dapat diamati, yang sama-sama berbagi dan menganut nilai-nilai dan ketentuan-ketentuannya. Semua itu penting bagi setiap penjelasan dari fungsi masyarakat yang padu, sama pentingnya dengan bidang elektromagnetik dan bidang daya tarik dalam menjelaska susunan suatu zat.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sebagai makhluk sosial, kita memiliki dorongan yang kuat untuk bereaksi terhadap bidang-bidang budaya itu dan kuat pula alasannya. Bidang budaya itu memberikan kemampuan bagi masyarakat manusia untuk berfungsi secara terpadu tanpa adanya kekuasaan lembag terpusat yang memaksa, yang menurut filsafat Hobbesian perlu sekali untuk mengendalikan naluri kita yang lebih rendah. Apabila suatu bidang budaya timbul sebagai ekspresi pengalaman nilai dan aspirasi yang disepakati bersama oleh anggota-anggota suatu masyarakat, maka ia berfungsui sebagai mekanisme demokratis yang mendalam untuk mencapai kepaduan / koherensi sosial. Namun bila suatu kelompok kecil mampu mamanipulasi simbol &amp;ndash; simbol dan nilai &amp;ndash; nilai budaya masyarakat untuk mencapai tujuannya sendiri itu, maka proses reproduksi budaya dapat menjadi amat tidak demokratis dan amat destruktif.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Seperti didokumentasikan secara amat luas oleh sejarawan Wiliam Leach, maka raksasa-raksasa pengecer pada akhir abad XIX dan awal abad XX telah memutuskan bahwa untuk meningkatkan keuntungan, mereka harus menciptakan permintaan yang lebih besar terhadap barang-barang mereka, dan harus mengganti budaya rakyat yang suka berhemat itu dengan budaya memuaskan nafsu sendiri. Mereka menjadi semakin pintar dalam menggunakan warna, kaca, dan cahaya untuk memberikan gambaran surga firdaus di atas dunia. Mereka menampilkan model-model yang cantik dan tampan untuk ditampilkan dalam peragaan mode, mereka mensponsori pameran museum &amp;ndash; museum yang menggambarkan kehebatan budaya baru itu, dan menggunakan media massa untuk menenggelamkan orang dalam pesan yang memperkuat kembali budaya nafsu. Kartu kredit menjadikan bahwa segalanya tampak berada dalam jangkauan setiap orang. Dengan cara seperti itu, pengecer akhirnya menciptakan budaya konsumerisme yang digambarkan Leach sebagai &amp;ldquo;budaya masyarakat yang paling tidak disepakati yang pernah diciptakan&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dewasa ini korporasi-korporasi terus bekerja keras mengubah budaya rakyat dunia khususnya masyarakat perkotaan, menjadi hedonisme ala Hobbes. Korporasi-korporasi tersebut sedang berusaha memantapkan hegemoni budaya kerakusan dan berkelebihan pada hampir setiap negara di dunia, dalam upaya mereka yang tak henti-hentinya mencari lebih banyak lagi pelanggan. Memang, kita sepantasnya memperhatikan apa yang sedang dilakukan gerombolan korporasi itu terhadap budaya-budaya yang belum mau berubah menjadi suatu bentuk perang nilai, dengan merendahkan nilai budaya mereka lewat tuduhan-tuduhan seperti ; kolot, membosankan dan miskin. Sebagai gantinya menawarkan janji-janji sorga materi yang mengasyikkan, menyenangkan, dan memakmurkan semua orang. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Intervensi Pasar terhadap Sistem Informasi, Komuniakasi dan Bahasa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Teori pasar mensyaratkan bahwa informasi itu haruslah tersedia dengan bebas. Adam Smith mengutuk rahasia perdagangan sebagai sebentuk kekuatan monopoli yang mencegah masuknya para produsen yang saling bersaing ke pasar. Efisiensi pasar menuntut agar batas yang dibuat-buat di hilangkan dan pengetahuan serta keahlian yang relevan dapat dimiliki dengan bebas. Ia juga meminta agar pembeli dan penjual memasuki setiap transaksi dengan mengetahui sepenuhnya watak dan sifat produk itu dan harga pasar yang terdapat ketika itu dari barang-barang yang sebanding. Hal seperti itu hanya mungkin terjadi pada tingkat dimana para peserta di pasar dengan bebas berbagi informasi yang tersedia bagi mereka. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kapitalisme berfungsi dalam norma-norma yang amat berbeda-beda. Perusahaan-perusahaannya merasa berhak untuk menahan informasi bahaya-bahaya yang terkandung dalam produknya, dan tidak memberi kesempatan kepada konsumen untuk memperoleh informasi yang akan memberi kesempatan kepada konsumen untuk melakukan pilihan berdasarkan roduk yang akan mereka beli, dan dengan agresif berusaha menciptakan monopoli yang dipaksakn pemerintah terhadap teknologi yang penting-penting, termasuk yang dianggap penting bagi kehidupan. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dalam front yang ada hubungannya, berbagai korporasi telah mendorong pemberlakuan undang-undang mengenai pencemaran nama baik label makanan tertentu ada bebberapa negara tertentu yang menjadikannya sebuah klaim yang tidak didukung oleh bukti ilmiah yang pasti, yang menyebabkan orang meragukan keamanan makanan mereka. Ini sama dengan melakukan sebuah perbuatan kriminal. Dengan menggunakan dan memperbarui pemahaman istilah organik, maka kpitalisme berupaya mencari hak untuk menghilangkan label produk mereka sendiri dan menghalangi orang lain untuk memberiakn informasi yang akurat terhadap publik bahwa mereka sendiri mempertahankan suatu standar yang lebih tinggi. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Akses penuh terhadap informasi dan tidak adanya batas-batas yang dibuat-buat untuk memasuki dan mengenali produk-produk yang berguna, merupakan hal yang mendasar bagi berfungsinya pasar secara efisien dan bagi dipenuhinya kebutuhan-kebutuhan sebuah dunia yang kacau dan miskin sumber daya. Namun, kapitalisme adalah pendukung yang bergairah dari hak untuk menahan informasi yang sebetulnya penting untuk diketahui para konsumen dan rakyat banyak, dan berupaya menciptakan suatu monopoli yang anehnya dilindungi oleh pemerintah termasuk bahan teknologi &amp;ndash; teknologi yang berbahaya.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Konstruksi pada Komoditas : Suatu Analisis terhadap Iklan Produk Kecantikan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sebagai contoh bahwa barang-barang secara pokok dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan subsisten dan kompetitif, maka sebaiknya kita memahami dalam kerangka kategori budaya yang stabil. Masing-masing cabang ilmu sosial berusaha menggambarkan secara berbeda mengenai perilaku manusia sebagi hasil dari analisis mereka dan pada level yang lain lagi. Emile Durkheim mengaritikanya sebagai fakta sisial dalam metodologinya. Dan dalam kaitan hal ini, maka ia mengkalkulasikannya dalam kajian tentang fakta ekonomi. Levi-Strauss juga berusaha memberi batasannya dengan mengkaitkanna pada permasalahan totemisme dan keistimewaan-keistimewaan pada sebagian peran. Sedangkan pada cendikiawan yang lain, berusaha memaknainya dalam kerangka kategori-kategori kognitif.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Terdapat pendekatan baru dalam antropologi konsumsi yaitu pendekatan dalam perspektif perilaku dan pengetahuan. Salah satunya dikemukakan oleh Peter Blau. Para pengikut ajaran Bentham memahaminya dalam titik mulai secara psikologis. Mereka beranggapan bahwa seseorang bisa menggunakan dan bisa digunakan, dan kesemuanya itu berada dalam kesadaran egosentris. Peter Blau mencoba menjelaskan suatu teori sosial melalui pendekatan terhadap sustu hubungan sosial yang sederhana. Sekalipun ia menadari bahwa tidak ada proses yang cukup sederhana dalam hubungan sosial. Maka ia bersaha memberikan penengahan pada kekuatan atau kekuasaan dengan bias-bias restriksi.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Berangkat dari pemahaman semacam itu, maka representasi iklan produk kecantikan sesungguhnya merupakan suatu rekontruksi sekaligus dekontruksi mengenai nilai-nilai tas suatu kecantikan. Salah satu hal yang menonjol dewasa ini, kecantikan dikepung dan terimbas oleh kecenderungan komodivikasi. Sebagai ekplisit dapat disebut sebagai kuatnya intervensi ekonomi kapitalistik dalam dunia kecantikan. Hal tersebut berakibat pada melipahnya fasilitas, kekayaan material mudah diraih, popularitas mudah didapatkan apapun caranya. Namun bersamaan dengan itu, terjadi degradasi fungsi pencerahan bagi masyarakat. Kecantikan cenderung hanya menjadi aksesoris dan komuditas yang dipertaruhkan dalam kalkulasi-kalkulasi investasi untung rugi secara ekonomi.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pergeseran ini mencemaskan karena pluralitas memerlukan ruang dan media pencerahan yang memiliki kemampuan merekatkan segala perbedaan. Kecantikan yang semestinya memiliki sensitivitas dan sensibilitas kemanusiaan yang berujung pada spiritualitas, yang pada akhirnya mengalir ke wilayah profan. Kecantikan cenderung kehilangan &amp;lsquo;keindahannya&amp;rsquo;. Hal itu dikarenakan semakin seragamnya suatu nilai kecantikan, akibatnya sesuatu yang seharusnya indah dan cantik tersebut menjadi &amp;lsquo;biasa&amp;rsquo;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sebagaimana halnya dalam iklan-iklan produk kecantikan, seseorang haruslah memenuhi unsur-unsur tertentu untuk bisa dikatakan bahwa ia cantik. Unsusr-unsur atau syarat-syarat tersebut diciptakan sedemikian rupa guna kepentingan pasar. Dalam arti, ketika suatu perusahaan hendak memasarkan suatu produk kecantikan, maka perushaan tersebut melalui biro periklanannya melakukan penciptaan image tentang bagaimana sesungguhnya cantik itu. Kemudian mereka memberi standar bahwa wanita yang cantik adalah wanita yang memiliki kulit putih, mulus, langsing, dan seterusnya. Para calon konsumen digiring sedemikian rupa untuk terus menciptakan imege cantik dalam pikirannya. Selanjutnya setelah para calon konsumen itu mulai bisa membayangkan dan &amp;lsquo;menginginkan&amp;rsquo; untuk tampil cantik, maka produsen pun menawarkan berbagai produk yang mereka asumsikan &amp;ldquo;dapat mewujudkan kecantikan yang mereka inginkan itu&amp;rdquo;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Keunggulan Kompetitif : Suatu Persuasi kepada Konsumen&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Paket Lengkap&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Suatu produk kecantikan dipasarkan dalam bentuk suatu paket-paket lengkap dengan beberapa pilihan bertujuan untuik memberi penegasan kepada calon konsumen untuk berasumsi bahwa produk kecantikan ini memiliki &amp;ldquo;kepedulian&amp;rdquo; untuk memberikan perawatan secara menyeluruh. Biasanya terdiri atas cleanser (pembersih), mousturizer (pelembut), freshener (penyegar), lotion (pelembab), oil free (anti minyak/jerawat), foundation (alas bedak). Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari  yaitu iklan &lt;b&gt;Honey SA Martha Tilaar&lt;/b&gt;. Dalam iklan produk kecantikan tersebut tampak juga ditonjolkan manfaat madu (honey) bagi kecantikan, yakni untuk menjaga keseimbangan dan kelembaban kulit akibat sinar matahari, polusi lingkungan, stress, dan bertambahnya usia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Berangkat dari iklan itu, tampak digiring konsumen untuk memandang bahwa madu adalah satu-satunya unsur yang dapat mencegah rusaknya kecantikan wajah. Bahkan secara hiperbolis implisit dikemukakan juga bahwa produk ini dapat menangkal sinar matahari, polusi lingkungan, stress, dan bertambahnya usia. Padahal bila kita cermati lebih lanjut, tentu kita menyadari bahwa sesungguhnya kulit, khususnya kulit wajah memiliki mekanisme penyeimbang otonom yang dapat memproteksi dirinya sendiri sekalipun dalam skala keterbatas, tanpa harus diback-up oleh kosmetik tersebut. Image itu pun ditegaskan dengan representasi seorang wanita dengan wajah yang &amp;lsquo;cantik&amp;rsquo; dengan wajah yang mereprsentasikan &amp;lsquo;wajah yang sehat dan muda berseri&amp;rsquo;. Produk ini mengunggulkan suatu teknologi yang menggunakan unsur dari alam, yakni madu. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dengan gaya beriklan yang sama, pada yaitu produl &lt;b&gt;AVON REVIVAL &lt;/b&gt;juga terdapat upaya yang sama untuk menggiring para calon konsumen untuk membentuk image tentang standar kecantikan. Ditampilkan berbagai produk perawatan kecantikan seperti cleanser (pembersih), mousturizer (pelembut), freshener (penyegar), lotion (pelembab), oil free (anti minyak/jerawat), foundation (alas bedak), toner (penguat), dan anti-UV (anti sinar matahari). Pada produk ini, ditampakkan bahwa dengan memakai produk ini maka pemakainya dapat terlindungi secara total terhadap dampak kerusakan kulit wajah akibat sengatan sinar matahari. Hal tersebut dipertegas dengan penampakan model yang wajahnya, dengan ekspresi yakin, menghadap sinar matahari. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Namun bila dipertimbangkan secara lebih jauh, akan tampak manipulasi pada produk-produk dari merek yang berbeda tersebut. Yang paling utama yaitu bagaimana mereka berusaha membentuik asumsi mengenai bagaimana standarisasi cantik, bagaimana mewujudkan cantik, dan memberikan penawaran-penawaran kepada konsumen untuk mengatasi &amp;ldquo;masalahnya&amp;rdquo;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kosmetik Bergaya &amp;ldquo;Back to Nature&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dalam &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;YVES SAINT LAURENT FRUIT JEUNESSE. &lt;/b&gt;Pada produk ini, ditampilkan suatu keunggulamn produk dari unsur-unsur yang terkandung di dalam produk tersebut. Dewasa ini memeng berkembang suatu paradigma untuk back to neture, dimana manusia berusaha untuk memperbaiki kualitas hidupnya dengn cara kembali kepada unsur-unsur yang alami. Produk Fruit Jeunesse ini mengambil momen dan semangat tersebut dalam kandungannya. Diterangkan bahwa pada produk ini, mengandung unsur buah-buahan dan bunga seperti apel, anggur, cherry, dan mawar. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Diharapkan, dengan adanya kandungan buah-buahan dan bunga pada produk ini dapat meyedot konsumen yang memang interes dalam upaya back to nature. Singkatnya, dengan menggunakan produk kecantikan ini, konsumen dapat kembali ke alam dan mendapatkan perawatan kulit yang menghaluskan, memberi cahaya, mengencangkan wajah, mengurangi kerutan, dan meningkatkan produksi &lt;i&gt;collagen&lt;/i&gt; yang dapat mengenyalkan kulit wajah. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Ini sebuah penawaran yang menurut saya cukup cerdas dalam mengambil momen back to nature sekaligus menyesatkan. Karena menurut beberapa sumber kajian ilmiah mengenai perawatan tubuh secara medis yang pernah saya baca, adanya kandungan buah-buahan dan tanaman dalam suatu produk kecantikan untuk tersapi luar tidaklah dapat mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi yang ada pada tubuh termasuk kulit. Sehingga sekalipun produk kecantikan mengandung buah-buahan dan bunga tidaklah cukup membuat wajah yang halus, bercahaya, kencang tanpa kerutan, dan cantik, tanpa disertai dengan konsumsi buah-buahan yang mencukupi dengan cara dimakan secara langsung. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sebuah Paket &amp;ldquo; Bibir Cantik&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dalam merias wajah, tentu saja bibir adalah salah satu bagian wajah yang sangat penting. Sehingga untuk itu, diperlukan suatu kosmetik yang bisa menonjolkan keindahan bibir, dengan tujuan akan membuat wajah menjadi tidak pucat namun sangat seksi. Warna merah yang menyala bisa menimbulkan suatu daya tarik sendiri, mungkin setidaknya begitulah yang ingin ditawarkan oleh iklan dalam &lt;b&gt;PAKET BIBIR CANTIK SARIAYU MARTHA TILAAR. &lt;/b&gt;Pada paket yang berisi 2 pemulas bibir dan 1 perawat bibir ini, konsumen ditawari untuk memperoleh suatu paket kecantikan yang parktis namun elegan. Melalui iklan ini, ditampilkan bahwa seorang wanita yang elegan adalah wanita yang memiliki bibir sensual yang merah merekah. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Namun, bila kita melihatnya dalam kehidupan nyata, tentu saja menggunakan lipstik haruslah memperhatikan momen dimana seorang wanita itu berada. Bila ia seorang wanita karier yang sedang bekerja di kantoran, ataupun sedang menghadiri pesta, atupun sedang mengikuti suatu perhelatan-perhelatan yang memang menuntut penampilan prima, mungkin penggunaan lipstik dengan warna yang berani semacam itu memang pantas. Namun, dalam kondisi-kondisi tertentu, misalnya ia adalah mahasiswa atau pelajar yang sedang ke kampus atau ke sekolah dengan menggunakan lipstik dengan warna demikian, tentu saja bisa menimbulkan penilaian miring tentang wanita tersebut.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Wajah Bersih dan Cantik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Suatu produk ditawarkan oleh &lt;b&gt;BIORE Gel Pembersih Make Up. &lt;/b&gt; Iklan ini menawarkan suatu sabun pembersih muka dalam bentuk gel dengan manfaat dapat membersihkan muka dari make up bahkan yang &lt;i&gt;water proof&lt;/i&gt; sekalipun. Iklan ini ditampilkan secara sederhana melalui penampilan seorang wanita dengan wajah bersih &amp;ldquo;tanpa make up&amp;rdquo; dengan tetap tampil cantik. Kemasan yang ditawartkan pun ada beraneka ukuran mulai yang paling besar 80gram sampai yang terkecil 50gram. Produk ini membujuk konsumen untuk menjaga kebersihan dan kesehatan wajah sekalipun sering menggunakan kosmetik.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Cantik adalah Putih&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Produk perawatan tubuh &lt;b&gt;CITRA WHITE Lotion Pemutih dan Pelembab &lt;/b&gt;berupaya membangun asumsi konsumen bahwa seorang wanita yang cantik adalah wanita yang memiliki kulit yang putih. Sedangkan wanita yang memiliki kulit yang gelap sekalipun ia menarik, namun ia belum bisa dikatakan cantik atau belum sempurna kecantikannya. Ditampilkan juga dua orang wanita kembar, yang mana yang salah satunya berkulit putih dan yang satunya lagi berkulit gelap. Ditekankan sekali bahwa wanita yang cantik adalah yang berkulit putih sedangkan yang berkulit gelap tidaklah secantik yang berkulit putih, oleh karena itu si gelap harus berusaha agar dapat berkulit putih sehingga bisa secantik si putih. Ini adalah dekonstruksi dari makna kecantikan yang dibangun oleh iklan pemutuh kulit ini.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Untuk menegaskan kembali, produk lotion pemutih tubuh ini menggunakan ekstrak bengkoang yang &amp;lsquo;dipercaya&amp;rsquo; dapat memutihkan tubuh. Dilengkapi dengan vitamin B3 dan tabir surya, maka produk ini dapat diandalkan untuk dapat memutihkan kulit tubuh dengan sempurna. Iklan ini menyatakan secara singkat &amp;ldquo;Cantik Adalah Putih, bila anda ingin cantik maka anda harus putih dan jika anda ingin putih maka gunakanlah CITRA WHITE&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kekuasaan Ideologis dalam Pemaknaan Simbolisme&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Karena terpengaruh oleh para pemikir seperti Marx, Freud, dan&amp;mdash;lebih belakangan&amp;mdash;Mannheim, arti istilah ini bergeser. Dalam penggunaan yang lebih modern dan sempit, i&lt;i&gt;deologi&lt;/i&gt; biasanya mengacu pada sistem gagasan yang dapat digunakan untuk merasionalisasikan, memberi teguran, memaafkan, menyerang, atau menjelaskan keyakinan, kepercayaan, tindak atau pengaturan kultural tertentu, dengan demikian bila sekarang orang berkata bahwa suatu sistem gagasan bersifat &amp;ldquo; ideologis&amp;rdquo; biasanya ini berarti gagasan-gagasan itu bersifat partisan, artinya tidak terlalu obyektif melainkan disusun untuk mendukung ( atau menyerang ) sesuatu misi atau maksud tertentu. Dalam pengertian ini nuansa khusus tersebut dipertentangkan dengan kenetralan pengetahuan dalam artinya yang murni. Dikatakan bahwa ideolog menggunakan atau bahkan mencocokkan fakta demi mendukung sikap ideologisnya, dan bukannya membenahi sistem gagasannya sendiri manakala fakta menghendaki demikian.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Penutup&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Manusia terutama adalah makhluk yang mengkonseptualisasilkan dan menyimbolkan, seperti dikemukakan oleh Leslie White, sesungguhnya manusialah satu-satunya mahluk yang dapat dibunuh dengan sebuah lambang, oleh sebab itu tampak masuk akal kalau kita anggap bahwa sistem simbol atau ideologi yang digunakan manusia untuk menjelaskan menanata sistem sosial serta alaminuya akan menentukan suatu perannadalam pelestarian serta perubahan struktur kemasyarakatan, akan tetapi pertaannya adalah seberapa besar pertan faktor ideologis dalam menentukan pelestarian serta perubahan kultural itu ? &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pertanyaan ini akan menjadi salah satu ihwal paling kontroversial dibidang antropologi. Dan bahkan seluruh ilmu sosial., soal ini sangat kontroversial antara lain karena prertimbangan ekstra-ilmiah yang bersifat moralistik ikut terbawa-bawa puladalam perbincangan. Karena gagasan adalah hasil ciptaan budi manusia, penereimaan terhadap ideologi anutan banyak penulis diartikan sebagai hantaman terhadap pengertian kehendak bebas dan otonomi hakiki manusia. Sebaliknya , pandangan yang melecehkan peran ideologi atau yang memperlakukan ideologi sebagai hal yang terutama bersifat epifenomenal, sering diserang sebagai bersifat deterministik sehingga merendahkan harkat intrinsik manusia. Dengan demikian, pembicaraan mengenai peran ideologi dalam budaya sering tidak lagi merupakan soal ilmiah sejati dalam menilai bobot kausal faktor-faktor ideologis dalam sistem budaya melainkan sudah menjadi syarat dengan emosi.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;DAFTAR PUSTAKA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Budiman, Arief. 1992. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Arah Perkembangan Budaya Nasional Kita dan Dunia : Mencoba Mencari Sistem Alternatif terhadap Kapitalisme.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Jakarta : Depdikbud&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Featherstone, Mike. 2001. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Postmodernisme dan Budaya Konsumen.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kaplan, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;David &amp;amp; Albert A. Manners. 2002. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Teori Budaya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Korten, David C. 2002. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Post-Corporate World&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Jakarta : Yayasan Obor Indonesia&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Lauer, Robert H. 1989. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Perspektif tentang Perubahan Sosial&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Jakarta : Bina Aksara&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Panuju, Redi. 2002. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Relasi Kuasa : Perterungan Memenangkan Opini Publik dan Peran dalam Transformasi Sosial.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>Studi Simbol, Interpretisi &amp; Hermeneutika</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Studi+Simbol%2C+Interpretisi+%26+Hermeneutika</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Studi+Simbol%2C+Interpretisi+%26+Hermeneutika</guid><pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2007 23:16:15 CST</pubDate><description>There is no abstract available for this page revision.&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>Epistimologi Antropologi</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Epistimologi+Antropologi</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Epistimologi+Antropologi</guid><pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2007 23:11:55 CST</pubDate><description>There is no abstract available for this page revision.&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>Fenomenologi, Hermeneutika dan Positivisme</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme</guid><pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2007 23:08:26 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;(Essay ini dibuat sebagai tugas akhir mata kuliah Epistimologi Antropologi)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;FENOMENOLOGI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Fenomenologi adalah gerakan filsafat yang dipelopori oleh Edmund Husserl (1859 &amp;ndash; 1838). Salah satu arus pemikiran yang paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-20. Sebut saja para filsuf seperti Ernst Cassier (neo-Kantianisme), Mc.Taggart (idealisme), Fregge (logisisme), Dilthey (hermeneutika) Kierkergaard (filsafat eksistensial), Derida (poststrukturalisme)&amp;mdash;semuanya sedikit banyak mendapat pengaruh dari fenomenologi. Fenomenologi mencoba menepis semua asumsi yang mengkontaminasi pengalaman konkret manusia. Ini mengapa fenomenologi disebut sebagai cara berfilsafat yang radikal. Fenomenologi menekankan upaya menggapai &amp;ldquo;hal itu sendiri&amp;rdquo; lepas dari segala presuposisi. Langkah pertamanya adalah menghindari semu konstruksi, asumsi yang dipasang sebelum dan sekaligus mengarahkan pengalaman. Tak peduli apakah konstruksi filsafat, sains, agama, dan kebudayaan, semuanya harus dihindari sebis mungkin. Semua penjelasan tidak boleh dipaksakan sebelum pengalaman menjelaskannya sendiri dari dan dalam pengalaman itu sendiri.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn1&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Fenomenologi menekankan perlunya filsafat melepaskan diri dari ikatan historis apapun&amp;mdash;apakah itu tradisi metafisika, epistimologi, atau sains. Program utama fenomenologi adalah mengembalikan filsafat ke penghayatan sehari-hari subjek pengetahuan. Kembali ke kekayaan pengalaman manusia yang konkret, lekat, dan penuh penghayatan. Selain itu, fenomenologi juga menolak klaim representasionalisme epistimologi modern. Fenomenologi yang dipromosikan Husserl sebagai ilmu tanpa presuposisi. Ini bertolak belakang dengan modus filsafat sejak Hegel menafikan kemungkinannya ilmu pengetahuan tanpa presuposisi. Presuposisi yang menghantui filsafat selama ini adalah naturalisme dan psikologisme. Pengaruh fenomenologi sangat luas. Hampir semua disiplin keilmuan mendapatkan inspirasi dari fenomenologi. Psikologi, sosiologi, antropologi, sampai arsitektur semuanya memperoleh nafas baru dengan munculnya fenomenologi.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn2&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Penyamarataan ilmu-ilmu humaniora dengan ilmu-ilmu mendapatkan tentangan keras dari filsuf-filsuf neo-Kantian yang menginginkan adanya pemilahan, baik sacara metodologis, ontologis, dan epistimologis antara ilmu-ilmu humaniora dan ilmu-ilmu alam. Para Kantian merasa bahwa manusia tidak semata-mata ditentukan oleh hukum maupun bertindak secara rasional semata (animal rationale), melainkan juga memiliki kekayaan batin (emosi, kehendak, disposisi) yang tidak dapat diukur begitu saja dengan model-model ilmu alam. Salah satu neo-Kantian dari Mahzab Marburg bernama Ernst Cassier mengungkapkan konsepnya tentang manusia sebagai animal symbolicum (makhluk simbolik) konsepnya ini menentang konsep manusia yang dideterminasi oleh daya-daya atau stimulan-stimulan eksternal seperti halnya benda-benda fisik. Cassier menolak pandangan naturalisme yang dianut ilmu-ilmu alam (ada realitas material eksternal yang berjalan secara deterministik dan independen dari subjek).&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn3&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;HERMENEUTIKA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Ada tiga komponen pokok hermeneutika. Kesatu, adanya tanda, pesan berita yang kerap berbentuk teks. Kedua, harus ada sekelompok penerima yang bertanya-tanya atau merasa &amp;ldquo;asing&amp;rdquo; terhadap pesan itu. ketiga, adanya perantara atau kurir antara kedua belah pihak. Terdapat dua aliran besar dalam hermeneutika, yaitu hermeneutika romantik oleh Schleiermacher dan hermeneutika fenomenologi Heidegger.&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn4&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Hermeneutika romantik Schleiermacher tidak terlepas dari konsepsi Schleiermacher mengenai bahasa dan praktik penafsiran. Memahami berarti mengarahkan perhatian pada suatu objek , yakni bahasa. Bahasa dapat dipahami sebagai dimensi supraindividual dan dimensi individual. Tugas utama seorang hermeneutik adalah membawa kembali kehandak makna yang menjadi jiwa suatu teks. Hermeneutik fenomenologi Heidegger merupakan sesuatu yang kontradiki. Fenomenologi adalah seni membiarkan fenomena berbicara sendiri, maka hermeneutika adalah seni melihat fenomen sebagai teks yang mengundang pertanyaan untuk kemudian diinterpretasikan. Hermeneutika fenomenologi hendak melepaskan diri dari kerangka epistimologi dimana subjek tidak lagi berhadapan dengan objek yang terhampar dihadapannya. Ia mengandaikan subjek selalu dan sudah berada di dunia yang selalu dan sudah bermakna&amp;mdash;sebuah dunia yang bukan representasi.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn5&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;POSITIVISME&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Tesis positivisme adalah bahwa ilmu adalah satu-satunya pengetahuan yang valid, dan fakta-fakta sajalah yang mungkin dapat menjadi objek pengetahuan. Dengan demikian, positivisme menolak keberadaan segala kekuatan atau subjek di belakang fakta, menolak segala penggunaan metoda di luar yang digunakan untu menelaah fakta. Dalam perkembangannya, ada beberapa positivistik, yaitu : positivisme sosial, positivisme evolusioner, positivisme kritis, dan positivisme logik.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn6&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Positivisme sosial adalah penjabaran lebih lanjut kebutuhan manusia dan sejarah. Comte dalam studinya mengenai sejarah perkembangan alam pikir manusia menjelaskan bahwa matematika bukan ilmu, melainkan alat berfikir logik. Ia menjenjangkan perkembangan alam pikir manusia yaitu teologik, metafisik, dan positif. Bentham dan Mill menyatakan bahwa ilmu yang valid adalah ilmu yang dilandaskan pada fakta. Mereka menolak otoritas apapun yang menyusupi ilmu. Positivisme evolusioner berangkat dari fisika dan biologi yang menggunakan doktrin evolusi biologis. Berangkat dari pemikiran tersebut, Spencer menganggap evolusi adalah proses dari homogen ke heterogen. Positivisme kritis atau empiriokritisme memandang bahwa sesuatu ( bisa berupa masyarakat ataupun kebudayaan) itu adalah serangkaian relasi inderawi, dan pemikiran kita adalah persepsi kita atau representasi dari sesuatu tersebut. Positivisme logik banyak dikemukakan oleh para pemikir dari neo-Kantian. Ia menolak segala bentuk etik transeden bahkan ia menyarankan adanya unifikasi ilmu dan mengganti konsep variabilitas menjadi konsep konfirmabilitas.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn7&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Relasi antara Positivisme dan Gejala-Gejala Sosial&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Tesis positivisme&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn8&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt; adalah : bahwa ilmu adalah satu-satunya pengetahuan yang valid, dan fakta-fakta sajalah yang mungkin dapat menjadi objek pengetahuan. Dengan demikian positivisme menolak keberadaan segala kekuatan atau subjek diluar fakta, menolak segala penggunaan metoda di luar yang digunakan untuk menelaah fakta. Atas kesuksesan teknologi industri abad XVIII, positivisme mengembangkan pemikiran tentang ilmu pengetahuan universal bagi kehidupan manusia, sehingga berkembang etika, politik, dan lain-lain sebagai disiplin ilmu, yang tentu saja positivistik. Positivisme mengakui eksistensi dan menolak esensi. Ia menolak setiap definisi yang tidak bisa digapai oleh pengetahuan manusia. Bahkan ia juga menolak nilai (value). &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dasar dari pandangan positivistik dari ilmu sosial budaya tersebut yakni adanya anggapan bahwa (a) gejala sosial budaya merupakan bagian dari gejala alami, (b) ilmu sosial budaya juga harus dapat merumuskan hukum-hukum atau generalisasi-generalisasi yang mirip dalil hukum alam, (c) berbagai prosedur serta metode penelitian dan analisis yang ada dan telah berkembang dalam ilmu-ilmu alam dapat dan perlu diterapkan dalam ilmu-ilmu sosial budaya&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn9&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Akibatnya, ilmu sosial budaya menjadi bersifat &lt;i&gt;predictive&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i&gt;explanatory&lt;/i&gt; sebagaimana halnya dengan ilmu alam dan ilmu pasti. Generalisasi-generalisasi tersebut merangkum keseluruhan fakta yang ada namun sering kali menegasikan adanya &amp;ldquo;contra-mainstream&amp;rdquo;. Manusia, masyarakat, dan kebudayaan dijelaskan secara matematis dan fisis.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn10&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kritik terhadap Pendekatan Fenomenologi, Hermeneutik, dan Positivistik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kaplan dan Manners berpendapat :&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Tidak seorang pun memiliki kemampuan untuk mengetahui secara langsung pikiran orang lain. Kaidah kognitif, hukum, dan kode, pada akhirnya hanyalah sekedar inferensi&amp;mdash;simpulan yang boleh jadi betul tetapi boleh jadi juga keliru&amp;mdash;yang dibuat oleh etnograf. Hal tersebut adalah konsepsi etnograf mengenai kemungkinan konsepsi informannya. Akan tetapikarena inferensi itu harus dituangkan dalam sesuatu bentuk yang dapat dipahami tidak hanya oleh etnografnya sendiri melainkan juga oleh para sejawatnya, maka si etnograf harus menggunakan kategori pemikiran yang berpijak pada antropologi dan tidak hanya pada informan warga pribumi yang bersangkutan saja. Tak terelak lagi, kita semua adalah komparativis.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn11&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Jika dialek dikesampingkan, satu, dua, tiga informan munkin sudah memadai. Itu karena penutur asli membuat jenis pembedaan yang sama dalam hal fonem. Artinya, meraka semua sama-sama merupakan pendukung bahasa tersebut. Akan tetapi semua individu yang membentuk suatu budaya tidaklah mengambil bagian atau berperan dalam budayanya secara demikian. Kendati Aberlee menekankan interaksi dan interdependensi, bukan kognisi, pendapat yang diajukannya mirip dengan pandangan Wallace. Ini berarti &amp;ldquo;realitas cultural&amp;rdquo; mungkin dapat berbeda-beda bagi pemimpin / pemuka dan bagi warga biasa, dan seterusnya. Bila diterapkan dengan kewaspadaan yang sepatutnya, model linguistic ini memang dapat membuahkan banyak hasil dan juga penuh daya saran dalam menangani jenis-jenis masalah tertentu. Akan tetapi bila kita melupakan sifat parsial dan isomorfis dalam analogi linguistik ini, mungkin lalu timbul pertanyaan dalam wujud yang menyulitkan perolehan pemecahan atau &amp;ldquo;jawab&amp;rdquo;-nya. Kendato Kaplan dan Manners banyak melontarkan kritik terhadap linguistik, namun mereka menyarankan untuk tidak membuang model linguistik tersebut. Hanya saja perlu disadari bahwa model linguistic ini&amp;mdash;sepertihalnya dengan pendekatan lain&amp;mdash;juga memiliki keterbatasan tertentu. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftn12&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Studi terhadap manusia terkait dengan permasalahan menyangkut tindakan yang penuh makna. Seseorang manusia itu dapat merasakan dunia ini sarat dengan makna dan tindakan yang penuh makna pula. Hal inilah yang kemudian merupakan pembeda antara studi tentang manusia dengan ilmu-ilmu fisik. Studi tentang manusia terfokus pada ide-ide, aspirasi, tindakan-tindakan yang memiliki tujuan, kreasi yang artistik, perangkat manusia, peraturan yang dibentuk untuk mereka sendiri, dan lembaga-lembaga yang mereka ciptakan. Pada ilmu-ilmu fisik, perhatian lebih pada problem eksperimental dan spekulasi terhadap materi secara kebendaan dan perhitungannya. Dalam ilmu fisik, sulit dibedakan antara mana yang teori dan mana yang fakta karena teori yang terbentuk semata-mata berasal dari fakta yang secara empiris melekat pada aspek kebendaan yang menjadi objek studinya. Misalnya dalam upaya pengklasifikasian, ilmu fisik lebih kepada mencari unsur-unsur kesamaan pada pola-pola teoritis yang telah ada secara umum tanpa harus terlebih dahulu mengutamakan &lt;i&gt;common sense&lt;/i&gt; terhadap objek material tersebut. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Teori ilmu pengetahuan ataupun epistimologi memiliki perhatian yang besar pada pengujian terhadap berbagai asumsi. Ia berupaya mencapai kepuasan intelektual pada fondasi secara utuh dari ilmu pengetahuan kita dan memperhatikan bagaimana suatu pemikiran mengambil posisinya terhadap realitas. Yang menarik di sini yaitu upaya epistimologi untuk berusaha melihat dan menguji bagaimana seseorang mengetahui melalui proses berfikirnya. Fokus garapannya yaitu ada proses, sehingga perdebatannya menyangkut bagaimana metodologi berfikir sehingga sesuatu itu dapat diterima sebagai suatu kebenaran. Kita perlu bersepakat mengenai hubungan dari apa yang kita terima sebagai fakta kepada yang lainnya dan tidak dengan kekusutan hubungan yang berlebihan antara fakta-fakta dan perangkat kognitif dari pengamat yang bersangkutan. Baik melalui investigasi secara ilmiah, refleksi filosofis, dan penerimaan secara akal sehat. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Studi tentang manusia secara partikular telah tertahan oleh percobaanya dalam menegakkan sebuah titik awal yang jelas dan mandiri secara teoritis. Alternatifnya yaitu menolak pemikiran terhadap titik awal yang absolut dan mengizinkan apapun aksi filosofis yang ada dalam asumsi terdahulu. Refleksi pemikiran tentu saja bukan berupa alat tulis yang siap untuk digunakan menulis, tidak juga sebagai subjek pembuka pengetahuan yang murni, melainkan mata intelektualnya yang pertama kali melihat dunia yang asing baginya. Terdapat abstraksi buatan yang tidak sederhana, tidak bertentangan, dan secara murni merupakan permulaan secara teoritis. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Hal yang terpenting dalam aspek kehidupan manusia yaitu menyangkut kesadaran (&lt;i&gt;consciousness&lt;/i&gt;). Berfikir tidak hanya menyangkut bagaimana memperhitungkan sesuatu dan mencari pemecahan terhadap sesuatu permasalahan yang dihadapi, melainkan juga merasakan, membangun semangat, memiliki keinginan dan perhatian yang mana mewarnai pemikiran dan secara integral terhadap konsep kedirian. Dengan demikian kita bisa mengkoordinasi keinginan dan membuat rencana. Kita mengatur tindakan dan prinsip-prinsip yang kita pegang.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Apapun yang disebut dengan pengalaman ditentukan melalui pengaturan pada aspek psikologis dan diwarnai ataupun didistorsi oleh kebutuhan dan kepentingan. Kemampuan kita untuk memaknai suatu pengalaman tergantung pada anugerah yang diwariskan dari kecerdasan, ingatan, perhatian, sama baiknya dengan warisan dari sosial dan budaya. Bahasa, ide-ide, pengetahuan yang utuh, persangkaan oleh massa merupakan hasil dari suatu proses sejarah. Titik awal ini mengandung elemen dari fakta yang tidak bisa direduksi. Figur yang mengendalikan hal tersebut memiliki kapasitas ganda; pertama sebagai persangkaan terhadap ilmu pengetahuan, kedua sebagai pengetahuan itu sendiri. Dengan kata lain, kita &amp;ldquo;dipaksa&amp;rdquo; untuk menguji kembali alam pengetahuan. Kita terlibat dalam suatu lingkaran dimana pengetahuan merampas pengertian absolutnya dan harus menjadi bagian dari kesatuan realis yang naif. Pengetahuan dinyatakan sebagai suatu yang relatif atau dibatasi oleh suatu titik tegak. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Menurut saya, kita bisa saja berusaha memberikan penerangan / pencerahan, tetapi bukan secara objektif melainkan berkenaan pada perspektif terhadap kondisi manusia, yang mana ia sendiri sebagai objek penyelidikan. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Ketika kita memperdebatkan secara objektif dengan mengambil batasan dari konteks yang dijelaskan, maka kita telah mengambil kondisi epistimologis sebagai jaminannya. Bila pada titik awal filosofis yang mana keseluruhan problem dari ilmu pengetahuan dikemukakan sebagi suatu gagasan, maka kita tidak dapat menghindar dari perspektif psikologis, sosiologis, dan historis dimana setiap aksi kognitif berada. Ketika kita telah berketetapan untuk merangkum keseluruhan ilmu pengetahuan, maka kita tak bisa mengambil langkah di luar aspek keilmuan. Kita berusaha menginterpretasi suatu perihal yang mana ketika kita baru memulai tugas itu, sesungguhnya hal tersebut telah diinterpretasikan pada masa yang lalu. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah memperoleh konsistensi yang lebih besar dan meningkatkan kesadaran terhadap diri kita sendiri. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Keseluruhan struktur ilmu pengetahuan bukanlah suatu gambaran dari realitas melainkan suatu reasi dari manusia ke dalam suatu keputusan dan evaluasi. Dunia dipandang dan diorganisir dari suatu poin khusus dan ditentukan oleh perangkat kognitif dan dengan jalan inilah maka hal itu diinterpretasikan. Proses ini nampak pada penggunaan kita dalam berbahasa. Misalnya menyangkut suatu pengklasifikasian. Berangkat dari hal tersebut di atas maka saya berpendapat bahwa ilmu pengetahuan merupakan rangkaian interpretasi yang hadir melalui suatu metode yang cermat dan memiliki tujuan tertentu. Filsafat, agama, dan mitos menginterpretasikan aspek mendasar dengan cara yang bervariasi. Tegasnya, interpretasi membuat dunia sarat dengan makna bagi manusia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Namun apabila kita tidak dapat melangkah di luar perspektif yang diciptakan dari interpretasi kita sendiri, maka kita tidak bisa menjawab pertanyaan tentang konsepsi kita terhadap realitas. Yang dapat dilakukan yaitu membuat hal ini tetap konsisten dan komprehensif. Memperlakukannya sebagai fakta dari kehidupan manusia dan subjek dari studi tentang manusia. Hal ini tentu saja menyerap pemaknaan yang dibawa oleh interpretasi manusia terhadap dunianya. Melalui pengujian mengenai terbitnya suatu makna, maka kita dapat menyajikan studi tentang manusia dari basis epistimologis yang kita miliki.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kesadaran terhadap kedirian diri sendiri dan terhadap dunia, hampir selalu diiringi oleh konseptualisasi dalam hal bahasa. Dalam merasakan sesuatu tentunya setiap individu memiliki perbedaan sebab individu tersebut mengklasifikasikannya dalam pengalaman dan menempatkannya dalam konteks ingatan dan pengetahuan secara umum yang dimilikinya secara individual. Pendekatan secara linguistik yang masuk akal terhadap pemaknaan terletak pada faktanya. Selanjutnya lahirlah pertanyaan yaitu, &amp;ldquo;Apa yang membuat suatu situasi menjadi sarat dengan makna?&amp;rdquo;. Pertanyaan selanjutnya yaitu, &amp;ldquo;Apa yang membuat pernyataan ini menjadi penuh makna?&amp;rdquo;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut di atas, maka sebaiknya kita merujuk pada makna non-linguistik yang kita pakai dalam percakapan sehari-hari. Perbedaannya justru lebih menggelapkan daripada mencerahkan jika hal-hal tersebut jarang diperlakukan melalui perluasan secara analogis dalam makna yang terdapat pada akal linguistik. Makna dari tindakan-tindakan, makna dari berbagi situasi, memiliki tempat yang begitu penting. Bila filsafat berusaha menemukan relevansinya dengan studi tentang manusia maka proses analisisnya berupa makna pada kata-kata. Sebagai gambaran, maka cobalah untuk menceritakan suatu hal yang sama dengan gaya bahasa bercerita yang berbeda. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Perluasan menyangkut fitur berbeda dalam situasi yang sama, membuatnya memiliki makna yang lebih banyak ataupun justru menjadi tanpa makna. Ekspresi yang berbeda dapat memperjelas dan memperkuat satu sama lainnya. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Manusia mendapatkan situasi sebagai suatu yang sarat makna karena diperlakukan demikian oleh mereka, dan memberi respon kepada mereka, menghubungkannya terhadap situasi yang lain, menghakimi dan menginterpretasinya dalam ingatan. Makna menjadi lebih ataupun kurang kompleks. Namun makna bagi seseorang dikonfrontasikan dengan situasi. Sehingga subjektivitas terhadap makna menjadi hal yang lazim. Makna yang didapatka oleh seseorang dapat difahami oleh orang lain. Dalam hal tersebut terjadilah persebaran makna (&lt;i&gt;shared of meaning&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Fakta bahwa hubungan pengalaman yang mengatur kategiri hanya pada kasus di diri kita sendiri dan interpretasi kita terhadap perilaku orang lain yang didasari pengalamannya, tidak berarti bahwa hal itu mengakibatkan masuknya pengaruh pada mental kita sendiri diperlakukan sebagi sesuatu yang tak boleh salah ataupun lebih jujur dibandingkan interpretasi kita terhadap perilaku orang lain. Ini adalah inti pada penelitian secara empiris, dan bukan sebagai keputusan secara teoritis.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Terdapat pula kategori yang lain, yakni hubungan antara bagian-bagian kepada keseluruhan. Misalnya struktur gramatikal yang mengartikan suatu kata benda ataupun kata kerja merupakan suatu pola trsanslasi yang ditemukan di dalam kamus. Makna dari bentuk dan tindakan menjadi lebih jelas ketika menghubungkannya kepada tindakan yang lain dan bentuk yang lain dan pada situasi sesuai di mana mereka berada. Akhirnya, kita menempatkan objek pada suatu konteks yang utuh. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Adapula kategori yang lain lagi, yaitu pengkonseptualisasian hubungan yang memakai dan juga dipakai oleh suatu lingkungan. Biasanya disebut kategori dari kekuasaan. Sesuatu kejadian menjadi bermakna sesuatu apabila masuk sebagi sesuatu yang tak terelakkan. Hal ini menjadi istimewa ketika merupakan pangalaman aktual dari manusia. Disebut sebagai kategori dari kekuasaan karena kekuasaan atau kekuatan dari pengalaman saat kita dibebani oleh keadaan eksternal ataupun kita yang mempengaruhi keadaan tersebut.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kategori selanjutnya yaitu kategori nilai. Dalam kategori ini terdapat penghakiman yang mana terdapat pemberian pengankuan terhadap suatu makna pada suatu situasi dengn menghubungkannya kepada kepuasan ataupun ketidakpuasan, kenyamanan atau kesakitan, keterbuktian ataupun ketidakterbuktian. Situasi-situasi tersebut menadi sarat makna dalam aspek emosi yang positif dan negatif. Bagian-bagian jalan yang berbeda yang dibangun dari moral, estetika, ataupun putusan secara ekonomis tidaklah pada sesuatu yang diejawantahkan tetapi pada pengalaman menyangkut penilaian sebagai sesuatu yang biasa dan universal.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Terakhir, adalah kategori yang memformulasi yang menghubungkan antara situasai dan tujuan. Ketegori ini disebut dengan kategori makna dan akhirnya. Sesuatu menjadi bermakna bagi kita apabila hasilnya adalah apa yang kita tuntut. Kategori ini memiliki unsur kesamaan dengan kategori sebelumnya. Kita akan berusaha mewujudkan sesuatu yang bagi kita menyenangkan atau berharga. Tetapi kedua ketegiri ini tak isa direduksi menjadi satu. Karena sesuatu yang diangga barmakna pada akhir tujuannya, belum tentu hal itu memiliki nilai yang berharga. Menginginkan suatu kesenangan dari sutu yang telah terlaksana terhadap sesuatu yang perlu untuk dilakukan tidaklah sama dengan menginginkan sesuatu untuk dilakukan. Tidak hanya pada bagaimana kita mengatur diri kita sendiri sebagai tuajuan yang penuh makna, tetapi juga tampak sebagai suatu yang disediakan sebagai makna dari tujuan itu. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Penjelasan di atas menunjukkan bagaimana uniknya hidup manusia, yang mana manusia dapat membuat dunia disekitarnya menjadi bermakna dengan cara mengatur dirinya sendiri sebagai suatu kumpulan dari tujuan-tujuan dan mencari makna yang diperolehnya. Beberapa dari tujuan itu berakar pada pengaturan pada corak psikologis dan kebutuhan biologis. Selebihnya diciptakan dari diri kita sendiri ataupun dari tradisi. Oleh karena kategori ini berakar dari hal yang fundamental dari kehidupan manusia, yang mana kita menggunakan semua simbol, memiliki perasaan, mengharapkan sesuatu, mempunyai satu kesatuan tetapi kesadaran yang kompleks; maka dalam penginterpretasiannya menjadi bersifat universal. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Terhadap hal di atas, bagaimanapun juga, kita tidaklah dapat mendaftarkan keseluruhan kategori tersebut ke dalam satu daftar namun kita juga tak bisa mengecualikan sebagian. Secara spesifik, kategori tersebut memiliki semacam peran dalam kehidupan mental kita. Kepercayaan yang terbagi pada suatu zaman atau bingkai kerja filosofis mungkin bisa menyediakan jalan untuk bisa melihat suatu situasi menjadi bermakna. Sebagai contoh, perhatian dalam suatu pembangunan memiliki fungsi pada ketegori yang mengorganisir konsepsi dari negara yang suksesif dari unit-unit pendukungnya. Ini cukup beralasan manakala itu berakar pada pengalaman yang matang, atau hasil dari agama dan ide-ide filosofis dari peradaban. Di sisi lain, menggunakan perhatian pada kelas sosial sebagai suatu kategori dan menginterpretasikan situasi merupakan bagian dari suatu bagian ideologi yang begitu jelas.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref1&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt; Donny Gahral Adian. 2002&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;. Pilar-Pilar Filsafat Kontemporer&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Jogjakarta : Jalasutra&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref2&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Idem.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref3&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Idem.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref4&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Idem&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref5&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Idem&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref6&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Noeng Muhadjir. 1998. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Filsafat Ilmu, Telaah Sistematis Fungsional Komparatif&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Yogyakarta : Rake Sarasin&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref7&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Idem.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref8&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Muhadjir, Noeng. 1998. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Filsafat Ilmu : Telaah Sistematis Fungsional Komparatif&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Yogyakarta : Rake Sarasin&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref9&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt; Ahimsa-Putra, H.S. &amp;ldquo;Antropologi Koentjaraningrat : Sebuah &lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tafsir&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Epistimologis&amp;rdquo;, dalam Masinambow, E.K.M. 1997. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Koentjaraningrat dan Antropologi di Indonesia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Jakarta : Yayasan Obor Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref10&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;[10]&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Menurut saya, ada perbedaan yang mendasar dari perubahan yang dialami oleh organisme (berdasarkan definisi ilmu alam) dan perubahan yang dialami oleh manusia, masyarakat, dan kebudayaan. Perubahan dalam kehidupan organisme bisa digambarkan sebagai perubahan yang konstan dalam diagram yang linier, sedangkan perubahan manusia dan entitas disekitarnya tidak selalu bersifat konstan dan linier. Bisa fluktuatif bahkan bisa juga siklon diabolik dan lain-lain. Manusia dalam kehidupan budayanya memiliki &lt;u&gt;kekhasan&lt;/u&gt;, dan hal ini sering dilewati begitu saja oleh metode positivistik melalui metode generalisasinya.Dengan demikian, menyamakan perubahan dalam organisme secara fisis biologis dengan manusia secara sosial budaya adalah suatu &amp;ldquo;metode yang ambigu&amp;rdquo;. Hukum-hukum alam dalam ilmu pasti tidak bisa sepenuhnya (bahkan sebagian besar gagal) menjelaskan tentang &lt;i&gt;nilai khas&lt;/i&gt; manusia, masyarakat, dan kebudayaannya. Padahal nilai-nilai tersebut eksis. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref11&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Kaplan, David &amp;amp; Albert A. Manners. 2002. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Teori Budaya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Fenomenologi%2C+Hermeneutika+dan+Positivisme#_ftnref12&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+0&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Idem&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>Konsep Hegemoni</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Konsep+Hegemoni</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/Konsep+Hegemoni</guid><comments>Rename</comments><pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2007 22:56:43 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Relevansi Konsep Hegemoni &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;yang Dikemukakan oleh Antonio Gramsci &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;dalam Konteks Kekinian&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Oleh : Vegitya Ramadhani Putri&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;(Essay ini adalah tugas akhir untuk mata Kuliah Teori Sosial Kritis &amp;amp; Marxisme)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pendahuluan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Antonio Gramsci seorang anak miskin yang beraliran Marxis, lahir di Ales, sebuah kota kecil di Sardinia, Itali, pada 22 Januari 1891. Ia seorang mahasiswa Fakultas Sastra di sebuah Univesitas di Turin. Disinilah awal perubahan hidupnya. Selain aktifitas kuliah, kedatangannya ke Turin menandai perjumpaan pertamanya dengan kehidupan kota industri yang bergelimang kemewahan. Namun, secara kritis Gramsci melihat dekadensi budaya di sana. Pertunjukan-pertunjukan budaya nyaris kering, dan tidak memiliki perspektif baru. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sebagai mahasiswa jurusan sastra, ia sering menulis banyak kritik teater. Semua itu membuka matanya tentang betapa tajamnya jurang penghidupan kota dan desa, interaksi keduanya, dan soal hubungan politik yang timpang antara klas buruh di kota dan petani di desa. Kemiskinan dan ketidakadilan yang dialaminya diusia dini di Sardinia sangat mendalam, sehingga cukup membekas di lubuk hatinya. Pengalaman-pengalaman inilah yang juga memberi andil besar bagi pembentukan Gramsci sebagai seorang revoluasioner. Gramsci bukan sekedar tokoh yang hanya bergulat dengan ide-ide intelektual. Dia juga terlibat dalam berpolitik dan berkenalan dengan organisasi-organisasi massa militan. Melalui tugas-tugas politik kakaknya yang bernama Genero, Gramsci mulai masuk ke dalam aktifitas Partai Sosialis Itali.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1914, Gramsci menjadi editor bagi mingguan Partai Sosialis, &lt;i&gt;II Grido Popolo (Jerit Tangis Rakyat)&lt;/i&gt;, dan menjadi staf editor tetap di sana. Agustus 1917 pemberontakan spontan meletus di Turin. Para buruh di Turin bangkit dan mendirikan berikade-barikade. Pusat kota Turin di kepung oleh para buruh. Dalam pemberontakan selama empat hari itu, sekitar 50 orang buruh meninggal dan ratusan lainnya di jebloskan kedalam penjara. Bagi Gramsci, peristiwa itu mempunyai arti politik yang luar biasa, karena rakyat luar biasa. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Akibat politik, Gramsci juga dijebloskan ke dalam penjara oleh Pengusaha Fasis hingga mengakhiri hidupnya dalam keadaan sakit di usia 46. Di dalam penjara itulah lahir karya-karya Gramsci yang brilian tentang tradisi filsafat dan pemikiran politik termasuk Hegemoni. Karena pada hakekatnya kekuasaan akan selalu punya taktik untuk terus-menerus memperoleh dukungan dan sebaliknya kelompok tertindas tidak selalu berani melakukan perlawanan. Rintisan perubahan yang radikal maupun gradual, tetap harus memperhitungkan, taktik pengusaha yang jelas-jelas ingin bertahan. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kritik terhadap Konsep Hegemoni dari Gramsci&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Gramsci berpendapat bahwa budaya Barat sangat dominan terhadap budaya di negara-negara berkembang, sehingga negara berkembang terpaksa mengadopsi budaya Barat. Dalam konteks pembangunanisme, konsep Gramsci memang sangat dekat dengan dasar pemikiran teori dependensi (Cardoso), termasuk imperialisme struktural (Johan Galtung) dan imperialisme kultural (Herbert Schiller). Saya mencoba mengkritik konsep hegemoni yang dikembangkan oleh Antonio Gramsci, karena wacana Gramsci ternyata tidak membantu untuk mengerti interdependensi (bukan dependensi) kultural antara dunia Barat dan dunia Timur maupun antara dunia Utara dan Selatan. Proses globalisasi itu memang jauh lebih kompleks. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Model-model pembangunan tersebut gagal karena empat faktor: &lt;i&gt;pertama&lt;/i&gt;, proses diferensiasi di dunia ketiga sendiri, terutama kesuksesan ekonomi beberapa negara berkembang dengan menggunakan strategi yang berorientasi pada pasar dunia, justru menentang kesimpulan-kesimpulan utama teori hegemoni dan dependensi (Rullmann). &lt;i&gt;Kedua&lt;/i&gt;, teori-teori tersebut memanfaatkan sebuah perspektif global dan dengan demikian tidak menyadari adanya ketidakseimbangan sosial, struktur patrimonial dan eksploitasi di negara-negara berkembang sendiri (Servaes). &lt;i&gt;Ketiga&lt;/i&gt;, teori hegemoni dan dependensi ternyata gagal dalam mengusulkan solusi-solusi yang bermanfaat dalam konteks global (ibid). &lt;i&gt;Keempat&lt;/i&gt;, referensi historis yang mengarah kepada masa penjajahan dan hegemoni ekonomi global sebagai sebab kemacetan perkembangan di sebagian Dunia Ketiga harus dilihat sebagai hal yang sangat problematis. Perlu kita ingat bahwa Afghanistan misalnya, yang tidak pernah dijajah oleh negara Barat, sampai sekarang tetap tidak mampu berkembang, dilihat tidak hanya dari perspektif model demokrasi Barat. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Bahkan James D. Halloran, salah seorang penasehat komisi MacBride 20 tahun yang lalu, berpendapat bahwa riset terhadap perkembangan di Dunia Ketiga cenderung justru mempertajam ketergantungan negara-negara berkembang pada Barat. Lalu dia bertanya, apakah imperialisme kultural dan imperialisme media diikuti imperialisme penelitian? (Halloran). Saya pikir, tidak. Apa gunanya? &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Persepsi tentang Antonio Gramsci oleh pakar sosiologi di dunia ketiga yang sangat positif itu barangkali terjadi karena mereka sering dengan mudah dan tidak kritis mengadopsi model dan teori sosiologi Barat yang sudah ketinggalan jaman seperti modernisme, dependensi dan hegemoni. Dengan demikian, tanggung jawab atas segala kegagalan di Dunia Ketiga bisa dilempar ke negara-negara maju. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Hegemoni dalam Relasi Negara dan Agama&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Artikel berjudul &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Pluralisme &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;di harian Media Indonesia (Jumat, 27/9/2002) menarik untuk ditanggapi. Dalam artikel tersebut, Hery Sucipto mencoba mengurai kembali benang kusut relasi agama dan negara yang selalu memunculkan polemik dan debat berkepanjangan namun tetap menarik untuk dibincangkan. Polemik dan perdebatan ini telah melahirkan berbagai teori politik tentang kedaulatan. Sebut saja paham teokrasi yang mengatakan bahwa kedaulatan ada di tangan Tuhan yang menghendaki agar Tuhan bisa mengatasi semua realitas, termasuk realitas negara. Atau, paham demokrasi yang berpendapat bahwa kedaulatan ada di tangan rakyat yakni pengelolaan negara harus didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip kemanusiaan, tanpa campur tangan agama. Juga paham teodemokrasi yang mencoba untuk menengahi kedua faham tersebut, akan tetapi dianggap gagal karena pada akhirnya paham ini masih menunjukkan intervensi Tuhan dengan segala otoritas-Nya yang begitu kuat sehingga pendapat rakyat akan tersubordinasi dalam &amp;#39;pendapat Tuhan&amp;#39;.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Di akhir tulisannya Hery Sucipto mengetengahkan masalah yang sebenarnya dihadapi oleh bangsa Indonesia. Yakni bagaimana mendudukkan agama dan politik (baca: negara) pada proporsinya masing-masing dalam rangka saling melengkapi kapasitasnya. Mengingat heterogenitas dan pluralitas, utamanya pluralitas agama, yang merupakan conditio sine quanon masyarakat Indonesia. Ia menawarkan gagasan reposisi antara agama dan negara yang merupakan langkah penting untuk dilakukan. Hegemoni negara atas agama Reposisi agama dan negara dengan menempatkan keduanya pada proporsi masing-masing tentunya bukanlah hal yang gampang. Mengingat realitas yang ada, alih-alih menunjukkan hubungan yang harmonis, ternyata keduanya saling menunjukkan upaya untuk mendominasi. Dalam sejarah perpolitikan di Indonesia, hampir pasti kemenangan selalu ada di pihak negara. Kita bisa melihat bagaimana agama diacak-acak dan diobok-obok oleh pemerintah karena dianggap membahayakan posisi kekuasaan yang ada. Masih mengendap dalam benak kita, baik pemerintahan Soekarno maupun Soeharto berusaha untuk menjinakkan dan melemahkan partai-partai Islam karena dianggap sebagai pesaing kekuasaan yang potensial, yang dapat merobohkan landasan negara yang nasionalis.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Akibatnya, bukan hanya para pemimpin dan aktivis Islam politik gagal menjadikan Islam sebagai dasar ideologi dan agama negara pada 1945 (menjelang Indonesia merdeka) dan pada akhir 1950-an, tetapi mereka juga mendapatkan diri mereka berkali-kali disebut &amp;#39;kelompok minoritas atau kelompok luar&amp;#39;. Hegemoni negara atas agama oleh pemerintah tampak begitu kuat mengakar. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan masih kukuhnya dominasi negara atas agama hingga mampu menentukan langgam, gaya, atau dinamika kehidupan beragama. Ihwal tersebut tampak tidak hanya dengan adanya &amp;#39;intervensi langsung&amp;#39; dalam bentuk aneka peraturan negara ke dalam ranah keagamaan, atau politisasi serta ideologisasi simbol-simbol keagamaan demi kepentingan pergulatan kekuasaan politik. Bahkan dalam konteks Indonesia, &amp;#39;beragama&amp;#39; ternyata merupakan &amp;#39;urusan negara&amp;#39;, sebab sebagai konsekuensi logis dari sila pertama &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pancasila dan rumusan yang ambigu Pasal 29 UUD 45, maka sama sekali tidak dimungkinkan seseorang untuk tidak beragama dalam wilayah Republik Indonesia. Atau, dalam bahasa lain &amp;#39;beragama&amp;#39; adalah sebuah &amp;#39;paksaan&amp;#39;, bukan &amp;#39;pilihan&amp;#39;. Di samping itu, begitu dominannya peran organisasi formal keagamaan dan penekanannya pada aspek simbolis/ritual keagamaan ketimbang aspek substantif juga menunjukkan bagaimana kontrol negara begitu kuat atas agama. Kenyataan seperti ini tentunya semakin membuka kemungkinan bagi intervensi para politikus ke dalam ranah keagamaan. Atau sebaliknya, mengundang kemungkinan bagi para pemimpin agama masuk ke dalam kancah pergulatan kekuasaan. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Karena setiap agama dikehendaki atau tidak ketika berhadapan dengan kekuasaan, selalu dimungkinkan menjadi ideologis (ideologisasi agama). Sebaliknya setiap ideologi yang ingin memantapkan diri cenderung menempuh jalan untuk memberikan warna keagamaan pada dirinya (religiusifikasi ideologi). Kemungkinan terjadinya ideologisasi agama ini bisa dilihat pada dua gejala, pertama, ketika agama berhadapan dengan kekuasaan tidak menjalankan fungsi kritisnya, tetapi lebih banyak menjalankan peranannya sebagai sarana untuk legitimasi kekuasaan. Kedua, ketika agama karena tugasnya mengkhotbahkan keselamatan dan mengajarkan kesempurnaan hidup, menjadi sarana yang ampuh untuk menciptakan hegemoni. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Reposisi Agama dan Negara&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pada titik ini reposisi agama dan negara tentunya menjadi persoalan yang makin pelik. Jari-jemari negara dengan segenap kekuasaannya masih kukuh menggenggam agama. Di saat yang bersamaan kita juga melihat agama dengan nilai-nilai profetis dan ruh sosialnya mulai memudar akibat intervensi negara yang hegemonik yang meluluhlantakkan bangunan agama. Karenanya, reposisi negara dan agama haruslah dilakukan dengan sangat jeli. Reposisi ini paling tidak bisa dilakukan dengan menempuh, pertama, mencabut &amp;#39;saham&amp;#39; para politikus atas ranah keagamaan dengan mempertegas pemisahan antara agama dan ranah politik. Ini dilakukan dengan maksud pencegahan sedini mungkin politisasi terhadap agama yang sering menguntungkan segelintir orang.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kedua, menolak sama sekali intervensi negara ke dalam ranah keagamaan baik intervensi secara langsung dalam bentuk peraturan-peraturan ataupun melalui praktik-praktik manipulasi terhadap agama. Ketiga, mengembangkan forum-forum dialog agama sebagai strategi melakukan pemberdayaan (empowering) sumber daya yang ada sehingga para kaum agamawan akan semakin kritis dalam menyikapi berbagai persoalan yang tengah dihadapi. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Mengingat akhir-akhir ini banyak sekali muncul gerakan radikalisme umat beragama yang identik dengan kekerasan (violence). Agama haruslah steril dari politisasi dan manipulasi serta ideologisasi. Pengalaman keberagamaan selama ini telah membuktikan bahwa akibat ketiga hal tersebut tidak hanya menimbulkan masalah internal agama tapi juga sering menjadi penyulut konflik antaragama. Sekiranya reposisi agama dan negara berjalan mulus maka hegemoni negara (kekuasaan) terhadap agama akan dapat ditepis dan agama beserta fungsi kritisnya bisa menjadi alat kontrol bagi sepak terjang negara. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tradisi dan Modernitas : Dua Bentuk Hegemoni&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Modernitas bukan hanya alat-alat teknis, tetapi juga nilai-nilai. Pada level subyek, ia menawarkan otonomi personal. Manusia modern adalah manusia yang merasa dirinya sebagai pusat, manusia yang tidak diatur tetapi mengatur sekelilingnya dengan data-data pengetahuan yang dimilikinya. &amp;lsquo;Saya berpikir, maka saya ada&amp;rsquo;, demikian kumandang Rene Descartes. Pada level obyek, positifisme adalah nilai pusat modernitas. Segala sesuatu, dalam pandangan modernitas, ada jika ia bisa diukur. Auguste Comte, dalam konteks ini, mendeklarasikan kematian metafisika. Sementara sebagai entitas sejarah, modernitas memandang dirinya sebagai titik kulminasi sejarah. Ia dengan demikian menjadi totaliter dan tidak menerima eksistensi the other. Dialektika historis-nya Hegel adalah bukti pandangan ini.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Ada satu problem laten yang belum sepenuhnya dibongkar dalam jagat pemikiran Indonesia kontemporer, yakni problem benturan antara tradisi dan modernitas. Problem laten ini memang bukan khas milik bangsa Indonesia. Seluruh bangsa yang pernah mengalami pahitnya penjajahan dan tidak tuntas atau bahkan belum melakukan revolusi kebudayaan, mengalami gegar identitas akibat benturan itu. Mereka hidup dalam dua dunia yang saling menegasi; dunia tradisional dan dunia modern. Identitas mereka masih terkoyak dan belum menemukan formula baru yang utuh karena pertarungan belum juga usai. Bahkan kecenderungan belakangan, pertarungan dua kekuatan ini, menunjukkan eskalasi terus menerus ke ruang yang lebih luas dan dengan intensitas yang semakin dahsyat. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Modernitas memang ditakdirkan lahir sebagai penakluk. Semangat kelahirannya adalah semangat pemberontakan, pemberontakan terhadap kekuasaan alam dan hegemoni agama. Dengan teknologi sebagai tulang punggung modernitas, alam pun meleleh dari keagungan misteriusnya selama berabad-abad. Alam bisa &amp;lsquo;ditelanjangi&amp;rsquo; penemuan demi penemuan ilmiah yang secara gencar terus dilakukan. Manusia Eropa pun mulai menancapkan pengaruhnya ke seluruh dunia. Imperialisme berabad-abad dari abad ke-16 hingga tengah abad ke-20 adalah buah nyata modernitas. Modernitas bukan hanya alat-alat teknis, tetapi juga nilai-nilai. Pada level subyek, ia menawarkan otonomi personal. Manusia modern adalah manusia yang merasa dirinya sebagai pusat, manusia yang tidak diatur tetapi mengatur sekelilingnya dengan data-data pengetahuan yang dimilikinya. &amp;lsquo;Saya berpikir, maka saya ada&amp;rsquo;, demikian kumandang Rene Descartes. Pada level obyek, positifisme adalah nilai pusat modernitas. Segala sesuatu, dalam pandangan modernitas, ada jika ia bisa diukur. Auguste Comte, dalam konteks ini, mendeklarasikan kematian metafisika. Sementara sebagai entitas sejarah, modernitas memandang dirinya sebagai titik kulminasi sejarah. Ia dengan demikian menjadi totaliter dan tidak menerima eksistensi &lt;i&gt;the other&lt;/i&gt;. Dialektika historis-nya Hegel adalah bukti pandangan ini.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dengan kecepatan yang luar biasa, modernitas melakukan dua hal sekaligus, pematangan diri dan penetrasi ke luar. Pematangan diri ditandai dengan tumpukan informasi dan barang produksi sekaligus. Tidak pernah, dalam sejarah peradaban, manusia mengalami kelebihan barang dan informasi lebih dari yang Eropa dan negara-negara modern miliki sekarang ini. Penggelembungan barang dan informasi ini, tidak lagi bisa ditampung oleh batas-batas geografis Eropa Barat, Amerika, Jepang atau Rusia sebagai negara-negara modern. Tak pelak, banjir bandang modernitas menghantam negara-negara bekas jajahan atau, bahasa halusnya, negara-negara berkembang. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Tidak ada kamus &lt;i&gt;kulonuwun&lt;/i&gt; dalam diri modernitas. Baginya, negara-negara berkembang hanya punya dua pilihan: mengikuti nilai dan gaya modernitas atau siap disapu bersih dari gelanggang sejarah. Massifikasi penetrasi modernitas ini dibantu dan dipercepat oleh peralatan perang, transportasi dan komunikasi yang canggih. Imperialisme dan globalisasi sesungguhnya dua fenomena dengan pesan yang sama, &amp;lsquo;perluasan daerah kekuasaan modernitas&amp;rsquo;. Disinilah letak masalahnya. Tradisi sebagai penjaga gawang nilai dan gaya hidup komunitas target tidak terima dengan gaya sapu bersih ini. Dengan segala kekuatan, tradisi bangkit melancarkan perlawanan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Benturanpun tak terelakkan. Pertarungan terjadi di setiap jengkal kehidupan. Tradisi tidak rela alam yang memabukkan dengan indah panorama pegunungan, desir angin yang musikal, deburan ombak yang penuh inspirasi, hendak dirubah modernitas menjadi kalkulasi berapa kekayaan tambang yang bisa dikeruk, berapa energi listrik yang bisa diolah, berapa ton ikan yang bisa ditangkap. Tradisi tidak sepakat manusia yang diikat oleh persaudaraan, dinilai dengan keluhuran budi, digerakkan oleh semangat mempersembahkan yang terbaik buat sebanyak mungkin orang, hendak dirubah menjadi sekedar makhluk yang diikat oleh profesi, dihargai oleh seberapa uang di sakunya dan digerakkan oleh penumpukkan sebanyak-banyakknya kapital dan kekuasaan. Tradisi tidak mau, agama digantikan oleh musik atau sepakbola. Walhasil, pada level ontologis, dua dunia ini, jauh lebih banyak saling menegasi ketimbang mengafirmasi.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Apa yang kemudian terjadi? Gegar identitas. Sosok yang tadinya santun, bersahaja, menjadi bagian dari kolektifitas yang taat, nyaman dalam pelukan alam yang agung dan misterius, tenteram dengan pegangan agama yang diyakini sebagai titah Tuhan bagi kebaikan manusia, dipaksa untuk melepas satu demi satu kualitas ini. Modernitas mendiktekan kepadanya untuk hidup serba cepat, berhitung dengan kalkulasi rasional untung rugi, terjun dalam kompetisi untuk menunjukkan diri sebagai yang terbaik, tidak lagi asyik dengan nostalgia masa lalu tetapi merancang masa kini untuk capaian-capaian masa depan yang menjanjikan kelezatan material. Inilah yang sekarang terjadi di dunia-dunia ketiga, termasuk Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Meminjam Dr. Muhammad Sabila, pakar filsafat di Maroko, &amp;lsquo;ini bukan persoalan memilih&amp;rsquo;. Kita memang tidak sedang diperhadapkan pada persoalan simpel apakah mau memilih menjadi tradisional atau modern. Sebab produk modernitas &lt;i&gt;de facto&lt;/i&gt;, sudah menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari hidup keseharian kita. Televisi, mobil, pesawat telepon, mesin cuci, parabola, komputer hingga mainan anak-anak, telah menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat yang tak terelakkan. Inilah yang menjadikan masalah bertambah rumit. Di satu sisi, masyarakat tidak bisa mengelak dari serbuan modernitas, tetapi di sisi lain, ia juga tidak bisa melepaskan diri dari pelukan tradisi. Disinilah keterbelahan terjadi. Dan sepanjang tidak ada upaya sungguh-sungguh untuk menuntaskan dan mencarikan format baru yang merupakan sintesa tuntas dari keduanya, tidak bakal ada sebuah bangunan masyarakat kokoh yang bisa menjadi landasan bagi pembangunan bersprespektif jangka panjang. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Pencarian format ini sungguh sebuah proyek sosial yang akan amat menentukan perjalanan bangsa Indonesia ke depan. Contoh gagal sudah banyak terhampar di hadapan kita. Proyek modernisasi Mesir yang dipimpin Muhammad Ali misalnya, layu sebelum berkembang. Proyek sekularisasi Turki-nya Kemal Attaturk, terbukti tidak diterima &amp;lsquo;tulus ikhlas&amp;rsquo; oleh umat Islam Turki dengan kemenangan partai berbasis Islam baru-baru ini. Begitu juga, pilihan Islam formal-nya Mullah Umar di Afghanistan, ternyata justru melahirkan bom bunuh diri&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Ketika realitas kebudayaan ini telah menjadikan penanda (signifier) lebih utama ketimbang petanda (signified). Maka, media lebih penting ketimbang pesan. Sistem tanda (system of signs) lebih bermakna ketimbang sistem objek (system of objects). Konsumen hanyut dalam simbol, citra dan penampilan yang sulit dibedakan antara fiksi dan kenyataan. Sehingga, rasionalitas tidak lagi memiliki tempat dan tanpa makna.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Utopia Hegemonik sebagai Pintu Masuk&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Utopia adalah dunia yang direka oleh Thomas Moore, kemudian Robert Owen, akan bentuk tatanan dunia paling sempurna. Mereka inilah bapak-bapak Utopia dunia. Utopia adalah dunia tempat manusia sama rasa, bekerja saling melengkapi, tanpa ada penguasaan satu kelas masyarakat terhadap kelas masyarakat lainnya.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Lalu, pada perkembangan berikutnya, Utopia menjadi referensi bagi perkembangan wacana sosialisme di Eropa. Kemudian sosialisme mulai menemukan bentuk nyatanya dalam Marxisme-nya Karl Marx yang menjelaskan proses pembentukan Utopia dalam beberapa fase melalui Materialisme Historis, yaitu sejarah pertentangan kelas. Marxisme itu sendiri pada perkembangan selanjutnya, juga menjadi referensi baru bagi mereka yang memimpikan Utopia dalam watak lingkungan dan masyarakat yang ada. Maka muncul beberapa versinya, entah turunannya atau justru kritikannya, dari Leninisme, Sosdem (Max Adler), Maoisme, Marhaenisme, Internationale (Komintern), dan beberapa faham lain.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Yang ingin saya bahas di sini bukan proses politik yang ada, juga bukan faham-faham tersebut yang akan (dan memang) selalu berdialektika, menemukan tatanan yang pas bagi masyarakat dan lingkungan yang membentuknya. Adanya Dunia Maya (Cyber World), lebih menarik untuk saya amati seiring dengan konsep pemikiran Utopia itu sendiri.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Seperti yang sering saya baca, dengar, lihat, dan rasakan, perkembangan Dunia Maya adalah usaha pemberontakan terhadap kerangkeng-kerangkeng yang ada dalam dunia nyata. Baik berupa ideologi, ekonomi, politik, budaya, ataupun agama. Dulu orang hanya mengenal bentuk perlawanan ini dalam faham platonisme. Seperti gambaran akan watak dan lingkungan anak muda yang di rasakan oleh Yatun L.M. Sastramidjaja selama 6 bulan merasakan hidup di tanah pasundan. Ide tersebut dialirkannya dalam buku berjudul &amp;quot;Dromenjagers in Bandung&amp;quot; (Para Pemburu Impian di Bandung), yang melukiskan dengan sangat sempurna bagaimana terjadinya perlawanan maya (dalam pemikiran) terhadap kerangkeng-kerangkeng nyata. Saya katakan perlawanan maya, karena selintas terasa sebagai sikap-sikap munafik dalam masyarakat. Di mana pengakuan anti liberalisme (kebebasan), tidak diikuti satu sikap nyata, karena secara sembunyi-sembunyi hampir selalu dibarengi dengan (dan menerapkan) pola liberalisme (kebebasan). Dalam nilai paling absurd, bahkan perlawanan itu hanya ada dalam pikiran saja. Hal tersebut terjadi, tentu saja, karena begitu kuatnya dogma maupun norma (serta pendidikan) dalam masyarakat yang susah ditembus. Dalam perspektif sejarah mungkin terwakili dengan adanya satu buku panduan wajib pakai, yaitu &amp;quot;Sejarah Nasional Indonesia&amp;quot;, karangan Nugroho Notosusanto, serta melarang munculnya tulisan sejarah lain. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Itu juga yang membuat Dunia Maya pada umumnya, serta penulisan sastra pada khususnya, terbentur pada adanya kekuasaan dewan redaksi dalam dunia nyata. Pemberontakan yang ada adalah pemberontakan terhadap sistem redaksional koran, yang terkadang (mungkin seringkali) sangat terasa otoriter. Sehingga untuk beberapa tulisan (pemikiran) terjadi sensor. Sensor inilah yang dulu mengundang kritik Alberto Camus terhadap kebebasan berekspresi dalam seni. Begitulah, terjadilah satu pemberontakan terhadap otoritas sastra koran, yaitu usaha untuk melawan hegemoni. Hegemoni adalah proses pembentukan memori kolektif, yaitu pemikiran masyarakat akan suatu hal. Dari bentuk prosesnya sendiri, terdapat dua macam jenis hegemoni. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Hegemoni jenis pertama adalah apa yang disebut dengan &amp;quot;everyday resistance&amp;quot;, di mana pihak yang berkuasa akan mencoba membendung laju pemikiran lain selain konsep yang mereka punya. Ini jelas terlihat pada masa pemerintahan Soeharto. Hal tersebut juga, rupanya, yang menjadikan sastra koran berusaha memperkuat sensornya. Bagaimanapun, media masih merupakan alat paling jitu untuk menyampaikan satu pemikiran kepada masyarakat. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sedang hegemoni jenis kedua, adalah hegemoni pada sistem masyarakat yang terbuka (tanpa satu produsen), di mana pemikiran-pemikiran yang timbul dalam masyarakat mendapatkan ruang yang bebas untuk diapresiasikan, serta terbuka untuk menjadi bahan diskusi masyarakat umum. Hal ini pula, yang kemudian, membuat penilaian akan satu pemikiran terletak pada masyarakat luas. Artinya, publik menentukan sendiri, serta bebas memilah-milah pemikiran seperti apa yang menurut mereka benar. Konsep ini semestinya berkembang pada Dunia Maya, ketika ada satu keterbukaan dan kebebasan dalam berkespresi, dengan proporsi yang seimbang. Masalahnya, Dunia Maya itu sendiri belum bisa lepas dari kekuasaan redaksi. Dalam arti, masih saja sama dengan konsep yang ada pada dunia nyata, yang berusaha dilawannya. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Mengapa ini terjadi? Ada beberapa hal. Yang pertama, bahwa Dunia Maya juga telah menemukan batasan. Ada batasan-batasan dalam Dunia Maya, seperti juga yang terjadi di dunia nyata, yang tidak dapat terelakkan. Ini wajar, mengingat hal tersebut tak lepas dari proses pembentukan sebuah masyarakat (akan ada identitas kolektif). Namun, yang masih kurang dipahami untuk mengeliminir resiko tersebut, adalah sikap terbuka dalam menerima suatu kritik. Tidak ada kesadaran akan arti sebuah perbedaan pandangan. Perbedaan pandangan masih dilihat begitu tabu dan tidak mengenakkan. Sementara perbedaan pandangan itulah yang menjadikan hegemoni dapat melepaskan diri dari &amp;quot;everyday resistance&amp;quot; yang otoriter. Perlawanan terhadap sastra koran, telah menjadi sublim. Menguap bersama tetap adanya gengsi, disorientasi, ataupun sentimen yang ada pada masyarakat dalam Dunia Maya. Tentu saja, ini sudah merupakan satu penindasan pula. Sedang untuk penindasan, mengutip kata-kata Widji Thukul, hanya ada satu kata, yaitu : &amp;quot;LAWAN!&amp;quot; untuk mencapai terciptanya Dunia Maya yang hakiki (Utopia). Manifestasinya jelas, yaitu dengan terus membaca serta menulis apapun yang kita pikirkan, karena dengan itulah kita mampu membuka ruang dialektika. &amp;quot;Bacalah!&amp;quot; dan &amp;quot;Tulislah!&amp;quot;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sinetron ; Suatu Contoh Kasus&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sudah tidak diragukan lagi bahwa monopoli Punjabi bersaudara dalam produksi sinetron bisa dijadikan salah satu contoh bagaimana kaum kapitalis mengatur sekaligus &amp;#39;mengawetkan&amp;#39; selera pasar. Melanggengkan apresiasi serta daya kritis masyarakat yang rendah terhadap dunia entertainment atau seni pertunjukkan. Desas-desus adanya manipulasi rating kiranya sudah menjadi rahasia umum. Tapi ternyata ini belum semua. Iklim persaingan yang ketat ternyata menambah tuntutan untuk mengesampingkan nurani orang-orang yang terlibat dalam dunia entertainment baik langsung atau tidak langsung. Ternyata gossip artis juga bisa di-create dalam rangka promosi sebuah sinetron. Tidak hanya &amp;#39;halal&amp;#39; bahkan cenderung &amp;#39;wajib&amp;#39; dilakukan. Mestinya hal ini tidak perlu jadi fakta yang terlalu mengejutkan, melihat rendahnya standar kualitas sekaligus dangkalnya pesan moral yang bisa diambil dari sinetron-sinetron pada umumnya.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;The Silent Majorities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Consumers is the silent majorities,&lt;/i&gt; konsumen adalah mayoritas yang diam. Nampaknya, slogan ini seperti ingin mewakili tema &amp;lsquo;konsumerisasi&amp;rsquo; yang melanda Indonesia. Apa yang terjadi saat ini? Konsumen, begitu pasif menerima segala apapun yang masuk ke dalam tubuh dan pikirannya. Konsumen menelan mentah-mentah apa saja, tanpa pernah mampu merefleksikannya kembali dalam kehidupan yang sebenarnya. Bahkan, mereka begitu hanyut dalam gelombang deras budaya yang didakwahkan tiap detik lewat media massa. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Apa yang ditawarkan konsumerisasi? Simbol, penampilan, citra dan tanda. Di sini, gengsi telah mengalahkan fungsi. Kemasan lebih penting dari isi. Prinsip nilai-guna dan nilai-tukar, telah digantikan kedudukannya oleh nilai tanda dan nilai simbol. Penampakan, penampilan, simbol status, citra dan tanda lebih utama ketimbang makna, isi dan kedalaman. Inilah budaya &lt;i&gt;kiwari&lt;/i&gt; (kini). Ketika perhatian utama budaya &lt;i&gt;kiwari&lt;/i&gt; lebih ditujukan kepada simbol, citra, sistem tanda, bukan manfaat dan harga komoditi. Antara fiksi fakta berada dalam &lt;i&gt;gray area&lt;/i&gt;. Maka, tidak ada lagi yang dapat dibedakan antara fiksi dengan kenyataan. Seperti selorohan Baudrillard (1983:148&lt;i&gt;),&amp;ldquo;there is no more fiction that life could possibly confront&lt;/i&gt;&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dominasi konsumerisasi, telah merambah tidak hanya dalam kawasan ekonomi. Kapitalisme yang menikahi teknologi, telah menjadikan konsumerisasi sebagai institusi kekuasaan baru menggantikan peran negara, militer dan parlemen. Kini, konsumerisasi menjadi motif utama dan penggerak realitas sosial, budaya bahkan politik. Dalam area budaya, fenomena ini ditandai dengan &lt;i&gt;hyperreality&lt;/i&gt; yang tengah melanda Indonesia.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hyperreality &lt;/i&gt;memiliki beberapa karakter diantaranya, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Pertama,&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hypercare&lt;/i&gt;, berupa gejala peningkatan perawatan dan penyempurnaan penampilan tubuh secara berlebihan, melalui bantuan kemajuan teknologi kosmetik dan medis. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Kedua&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;u&gt;,&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hypercommodity,&lt;/i&gt; yakni gejala merebaknya komoditas gede-gedean di hampir seluruh aspek kehidupan. Selain itu, menjadi agen bagi penyebaran makna-makna dan reproduksi relasi-relasi sosial. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Ketiga&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;,&lt;/u&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hyperconsumption,&lt;/i&gt; yakni kondisi aktivitas konsumsi secara berlebihan, yang melampaui nilai-guna benda, dan cenderung memusatkan perhatian pada makna-makna personal dan sosial. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Keempat&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;,&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hypermarket&lt;/i&gt;, yakni bentuk pasar yang mengkonsentrasikan dan merasionalisasikan waktu, lalu lintas dan praktek sosial, dan akhirnya menjadi pusat aktivitas sosial dan referensi nilai baru. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Kelima&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;u&gt;,&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hypersensibility &lt;/i&gt;yakni gejala peningkatan atau penyempurnaan secara berlebihan kepuasan inderawi, misalnya melalui penggunaan teknologi elektronik dalam dunia musik. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Keenam&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hypersexuality&lt;/i&gt; yakni gejala pengumbaran kepuasan seks yang melampaui wilayah seksualitas itu sendiri, misalnya kegiatan seks melalui jaringan komputer jarak jauh. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Ketujuh&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;,&lt;/u&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hyperspace&lt;/i&gt; yakni keadaan runtuhnya makna ruang sebagaimana dipahami berdasarkan prinsip geometri &lt;i&gt;Euclidian&lt;/i&gt; (ruang 2 dan 3 dimensi) dan mekanika &lt;i&gt;Newtonian,&lt;/i&gt; telah digeserolehperkembangan ruang semu dan simulasi elektronik.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Ketika masyarakat dipandang sebagai kumpulan individu-individu yang beraneka ragam, budaya adalah anak yang dilahirkan masyarakat dan disusui zaman. Maka, budaya merupakan upaya bersama yang rentan terhadap pergeseran, perpindahan dan perbedaan. Ketika kebudayaan dipandang sebagai hasil cita, karya, dan karsa manusia, ia merupakan cermin manusia. Maka, budaya merupakan itikad baik untuk memuliaan manusia di dunia, yang rentan terhadap persaingan dan klaim terbaik. Namun, masing-masing menilai, budayanyalah yang terbaik dan kamilah para pemenang. Persis seperti nyanyian Queen,&lt;i&gt;&amp;ldquo;We are the champion&amp;hellip;&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/i&gt; Ketika realitas kebudayaan ini telah menjadikan penanda (&lt;i&gt;signifier&lt;/i&gt;) lebih utama ketimbang petanda (&lt;i&gt;signified&lt;/i&gt;). Maka, media lebih penting ketimbang pesan. Sistem tanda (&lt;i&gt;system of signs&lt;/i&gt;) lebih bermakna ketimbang sistem objek (&lt;i&gt;system of objects&lt;/i&gt;). Konsumen hanyut dalam simbol, citra dan penampilan yang sulit dibedakan antara fiksi dan kenyataan. Sehingga, rasionalitas tidak lagi memiliki tempat dan tanpa makna.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Jika budaya adalah tubuh, maka konsumerisasi adalah budaya tanpa kepala. Budaya yang tak peduli berpisahnya otak dari badan. Berpisahnya mata, mulut, hidung dan telinga dari pikiran. Berpisahnya emperi dengan rasio. Bagi sekitar 110 juta penduduk Indonesia yang rata-rata pendapatan hariannya kurang dari $2, konsumerisasi lebih dari sekedar mimpi buruk yang tiap kali muncul dalam tidur. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Politik Informasi pada Media &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;Massa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Media massa sebenarnya tidak berdiri sendiri, melainkan merupakan bagian dari masyarakat. Dalam bahasa teori sistem sosial yang terus menerus dikembangkan di Jerman, fungsi media massa adalah memungkinkan pengamatan diri masyarakat (Marlinkowski 1993). Fungsi media massa sebenarnya bukan &amp;lsquo;merekonstruksikan realitas sosial&amp;rsquo;, sebagaimana ditulis oleh Ana Nadhya Abrar, pakar jurnalistik di Universitas Gadjah Mada (Abrar 1997). Dengan kata lain, media massa merupakan cermin kebaikan dan keburukan masyarakat, bukan mencerminkan (dalam arti meng-&lt;i&gt;copy&lt;/i&gt;) keadaan masyarakat. Media di Indonesia maupun di negara lain sama parahnya dengan keadaan masyarakat. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Tidak ada gunanya kalau kita terus bertanya, kenapa pemberitaan di media massa begitu parah? Menurut Niklas Luhmann, sosiolog Jerman, seharusnya kita bertanya, seberapa parah kondisi masyarakat kita sampai kita membutuhkan cermin media seperti itu? Dalam konteks ini, maka saya tidak sepenuhnya setuju dengan pengertian Nuraini Juliastuti terhadap media massa dalam kajiannya terhadap majalah remaja &lt;i&gt;HAI&lt;/i&gt;. Dalam tulisannya, ia hendak menjawab pertanyaan &amp;quot;bagaimana sistem operasi dari konstruksi budaya dan konstruksi sosial itu bekerja membentuk dominasi ideologi maskulinitas lewat media massa&amp;quot;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Pertama&lt;/i&gt;, pertanyaan tersebut tetap tidak terjawab. Akhirnya, bagaimana sistem itu sebenarnya beroperasi? &lt;i&gt;Kedua&lt;/i&gt;, pertanyaan Nuraini Juliastuti tampaknya mengandung dua premis pernyataan yang belum terbukti, yaitu adanya arus informasi yang bersifat satu arah dan adanya dampak media massa yang cukup berarti terhadap publik. Sebagian besar pakar cultural studies selama ini masih melihat konsumsi media massa sebagai proses penciptaan budaya yang berkaitan dengan dan mengandung bahaya hegemoni Barat. Walaupun demikian, suatu perubahan dalam pengertian cultural studies terhadap media massa sudah terlihat. Douglas Kellner misalnya menuntut pendekatan metateoretis dan multiperspektifis dalam menganalisis proses penyampaian pesan media. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Demikian juga pakar-pakar sosiologi yang memanfaatkan potensi teori sistem sosial pasca-Talcott Parsons. Proses penyampaian pesan dalam ilmu komunikasi kini dipandang sebagai proses yang dinamis dan transaksional. Artinya, khalayak juga aktif dalam proses tersebut. Publik tidak tinggal diam dan menerima pesan-pesan media massa begitu saja, melainkan paling tidak memilih pesan yang layak diterima. Sebaliknya, media juga sangat tergantung pada nilai-nilai kultural masyarakat pada umumnya. Bila kita mau menyalahkan media massa atas perkembangan masyarakat yang tidak memuaskan itu, seharusnya kita membuktikan bahwa ada kenyataan murni yang bersifat universal (&lt;i&gt;the truth out there&lt;/i&gt;), dan kita sebagai individu dapat mengamatinya dengan hasil yang sama. Akan tetapi, apa yang kita alami sebagai realitas itu hanya merupakan hasil konstruksi atau kognisi kita sendiri yang berdasarkan pengamatan atas realitas. Tentunya, &amp;lsquo;kenyataan&amp;rsquo; Anda berbeda dengan &amp;lsquo;kenyataan&amp;rsquo; saya walaupun kita mengamati realitas murni. Kesimpulan kita berbeda karena cara pengamatan yang dipakai tidak sama.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dengan demikian muncul pertanyaan, apakah layak bila kita sebagai ilmuwan menuntut media massa untuk mengkonstruksi realitas dengan cara pengamatan kita? Tentu tidak! Seorang peneliti mengamati realitas sosial dengan maksud mendapatkan kebenaran. Seorang wartawan mengamati realitas dengan maksud membuat berita yang relevan dan informatif buat pembacanya. Walaupun demikian, kita sebagai peneliti tetap dapat meneliti dan terus mengkritik media massa. Akan tetapi, bila kita memanfaatkan pendekatan ontologis dan normatif dalam analisis media, maka posisi ilmu komunikasi atau sosiologi pada umumnya akan berada dalam posisi yang lemah. Kita perlu melihat media massa sebagai bagian dari masyarakat kita. Jangan kita bertanya seberapa parah pemberitaan di media massa kita masa kini. Melainkan bertanya, faktor-faktor apa yang memungkinkan penampakan media yang kurang memuaskan.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Hegemoni dalam Sastra Cyber&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kejenuhan pada hegemoni kekuasaan media-massa cetak koran yang kebetulan punya halaman &amp;quot;sastra&amp;quot; pada edisi hari Minggu-nya, yang sebenarnya tak lebih dari semacam &amp;quot;sisipan after thought&amp;quot; atas keberadaan apa yang disebut sebagai Sastra Indonesia Modern. Semacam sebuah &amp;quot;penebusan dosa&amp;quot; media koran terhadap terpuruknya posisi dan reputasi Sastra Indonesia di kampungnya sendiri. Hegemoni kekuasaan koran dalam penentuan selera sastra para pembaca sastra modern berbahasa Indonesia, pada saat yang bersamaan juga mempengaruhi bentuk dan gaya produk sastra yang diciptakan, biasanya mengambil wujud kasat-akibat dalam diri seorang redaktur budaya/sastra yang konon terpilih atau sangat beruntung diberikan posisinya itu karena dia dianggap &amp;quot;mampu bersastra&amp;quot;. Atau mengerti soal sastra. Hegemoni kekuasaan ini termanifes lewat &amp;quot;pilihan&amp;quot; karya-karya sastra, apa itu puisi atau cerpen, yang &amp;quot;pantas&amp;quot; terbit dan yang &amp;quot;pantas&amp;quot; tidak terbit. Bagi kasus terakhir, syukur kalau dipulangkan ke pengirimnya. Hegemoni kekuasaan ini karenanya sudah jadi tembok bencana karatan bagi kebanyakan bakat-bakat muda yang seharusnya mendapat sedikit dukungan untuk prospek masa depan karier sastranya, sudah jadi begitu brengsek dan fascis makanya sudah sangat pantas untuk dihancurkan jadi debu dan dibuang untuk tidak diingat lagi selama-lamanya ke lobang wc umum terminal bis antar-kota di pulau Jawa. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Maka lahirlah sastrawan cyber Indonesia. Kelahiran sastrawan cyber Indonesia tentu saja tak dapat dilepaskan dari kemunculan teknologi canggih Internet dalam dunia komunikasi. Revolusi komunikasi yang dilakukan teknologi Internet telah menciptakan ruang-ruang alternatif baru di luar dunia media massa cetak yang ada. Revolusi ini sendiri sangat demokratis sifatnya, siapa saja dapat menggunakannya. Ruang-ruang alternatif baru yang tercipta karena Internet telah memungkinkan para penggunanya tidak berhenti hanya jadi pemakai yang pasif, seperti ketika seorang pembaca membaca koran, tapi sekaligus jadi pencipta &amp;quot;message&amp;#39; pada ruang-ruang tersebut. Dialektika pencipta-pembaca-pencipta/pembaca-pencipta-pembaca dimungkinkan secara interaktif dalam ruang sastra di Internet. Sebuah ruang atau situs sastra Internet juga telah &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;memungkinkan para pencipta karya sastra untuk sangat produktif mengumumkan karya-karyanya tanpa dihantui lagi oleh kecemasan traumatis bakal &amp;quot;ditolak&amp;quot; oleh seorang polisi sastra bernama editor atau redaktur. Kebebasan yang demokratis diberikan secara adil kepada siapa saja, apa dia itu presiden atau cuma cecunguk sastra tak jadi soal. Yang jadi soal cuma cukup besarkah kemampuan sebuah situs sastra untuk menerima wakaf produk-produk sastra yang masuk, itu saja.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sekarang, bagaimana soal &amp;quot;mutu&amp;quot; atau &amp;quot;estetika&amp;quot; karya-karya sastra cyber Indonesia, seperti yang dikumpulkan dan diumumkan dalam bentuk buku cetak dan diberi judul cool Graffiti Gratitude? Pertanyaan soal &amp;quot;mutu&amp;quot; atau &amp;quot;estetika&amp;quot; ini memang gemar sekali dilontarkan oleh orang Indonesia atas ciptaan made-in-Indonesia, seolah ada kesan bahwa tanpa melontarkan pertanyaan semacam ini maka sah-tidaknya sebuah produk buatan dalam negeri untuk eksis masih belum pasti.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Hal semacam ini jugalah yang dilakukan salah seorang penyair Graffiti Gratitude dalam sebuah artikel Republika Minggu berjudul tidak cool &amp;quot;Puisi Siber, Genre atau &amp;#39;Tong Sampah&amp;#39;&amp;quot;. Ahmadun Y. Herfanda benar waktu mengatakan bahwa &amp;quot;media siber muncul sebagai (media) alternatif sosialisasi karya sastra&amp;quot;. Tapi kenapa Ahmadun mesti kelewatan kritis sampai menciptakan sekaligus 3 pertanyaan pseudo-akademis soal &amp;quot;makna&amp;quot; istilah &amp;quot;puisi siber&amp;quot;, merujuk ke &amp;quot;sebuah genre sastra (baru) atau sekadar menunjuk jenis media tempat puisi ... disosialisasikan&amp;quot;, yang dipakai pada antologi Graffiti Gratitude?&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Dalam pengantar Sepatah Kata-nya Medy Loekito, Ketua Yayasan Multimedia Indonesia yang menerbitkan antologi, jelas menyatakan bahwa &amp;quot;sastra cyber bukanlah dosa penyimpangan karya sastra, melainkan salah satu bentuk produk modernisasi dengan karakter umum, yakni cepat, mudah dan nyaman&amp;quot;. Dalam kata lain, puisi cyber (cyber poetry) memang sebuah &amp;quot;genre sastra tersendiri&amp;quot; (mengutip istilah Ahmadun), yakni genre puisi yang diumumkan dalam dunia cyber, sebuah media eksistensi alternatif bagi penyair. Ini jugalah &amp;quot;makna&amp;quot; atau &amp;quot;definisi&amp;quot; dari istilah &amp;quot;puisi cyber&amp;quot; yang dipakai antologi Graffiti Gratitude. Puisi-puisi yang berasal dari media cetak dan diumumkan kembali di media Internet adalah juga puisi cyber. Media tempat sosialisasi puisi itulah yang jadi dasar pemberian &amp;quot;nama&amp;quot; jenis puisi, jadi sama seperti pada pemberian nama &amp;quot;sastra koran&amp;quot; untuk produk-produk sastra yang ada di koran-koran. Bahkan Medy sampai membuka rahasia perusahaan bahwa kriteria standar masuk-tidaknya sebuah puisi dalam antologi puisi cyber Graffiti Gratitude adalah &amp;quot;pernah dipublikasikan melalui media internet&amp;quot;. Nah. Sekali lagi diulang, apa dia itu presiden atau cuma cecunguk sastra, tak jadi soal. Kalau puisinya memang pernah diumumkannya melalui media Internet, maka luluslah dia dalam &amp;quot;seleksi&amp;quot; masuk &amp;quot;antologi puisi cyber&amp;quot; Graffiti Gratitude. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Hal yang sama juga berlaku untuk kriteria standar &amp;quot;estetika&amp;quot; atau &amp;quot;anutan puitik&amp;quot; (keduanya istilah Ahmadun) sajak-sajak yang dipublikasikan lewat media cetak Graffiti Gratitude. Diikutsertakannya sajak-sajak Ahmadun Y. Herfanda sendiri dalam antologi puisi cyber Graffiti Gratitude misalnya bukanlah karena sajak-sajaknya itu punya &amp;quot;estetika&amp;quot; atau &amp;quot;anutan puitik&amp;quot; yang berbeda dari &amp;quot;estetika yang lazim&amp;quot; (istilah Ahmadun) yang tumbuh di media cetak. Syarat &amp;quot;pernah dipublikasikan melalui media internet&amp;quot; merupakan satu-satunya kriteria bagi keikutsertaan sajak-sajaknya. Lantas apa benar asersi Ahmadun bahwa &amp;quot;media siber cenderung hanya diperlakukan sebagai &amp;#39;tong sampah&amp;#39; karya-karya yang tidak tertampung (untuk tidak mengatakan &amp;#39;ditolak&amp;#39;) oleh media sastra cetak&amp;quot;?&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Kebebasan untuk kreatif-produktif yang dimungkinkan oleh media cyber tanpa dihantui oleh rasa cemas bakal dicekal oleh seorang polisi tekstual bernama editor/redaktur merupakan daya tarik utama media ini bagi penyair. Istilah &amp;quot;puisi cyber&amp;quot; atau &amp;quot;sastra cyber&amp;quot; sendiri merujuk pada medium tempat produk-produk kebebasan kreatif-produktif tadi diumumkan ke publik pembaca, sama saja dengan maksud pemakaian istilah &amp;quot;sastra koran&amp;quot;. Sekarang, kalau sebuah &amp;quot;estetika&amp;quot; baru diharapkan lahir darinya yang berbeda dari &amp;quot;estetika yang lazim&amp;quot;, entah apa itu maksudnya, harapan macam begini merupakan sebuah harapan yang keterlaluan. Apa ada &amp;quot;estetika sastra koran&amp;quot;, atau &amp;quot;estetika sastra majalah&amp;quot;, atau &amp;quot;estetika sastra stensilan&amp;quot;, atau &amp;quot;estetika sastra buku&amp;quot;, atau &amp;quot;estetika sastra antologi&amp;quot;, atau &amp;quot;estetika sastra dinding&amp;quot;? Kalaupun harapan itu memang masih ngotot juga mesti dipuaskan, maka jawabannya akan sangat sederhana saja: &amp;quot;estetika&amp;quot; sastra cyber adalah produk sastra cyber itu sendiri. Kalau dulu Marshall McLuhan berani bilang bahwa &amp;quot;the medium is the message&amp;quot;, sekarang penyair cyber Indonesia akan berkata,&amp;quot;the medium is the message is the aesthetic&amp;quot;.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sifat alternatif demokratis yang dimiliki media sastra cyber telah menghancurkan tembok sensor &amp;quot;estetika modernis&amp;quot; yang fascis yang hanya mengenal 2 saja kategori seni, yakni seni dan non-seni, atau estetis dan tidak estetis, atau memiliki dan tidak memiliki &amp;quot;anutan puitik&amp;quot;, atau high culture dan low culture. Kalau kebebasan &amp;quot;tanpa kendali&amp;quot; (istilah Ahmadun) media sastra cyber yang memuat karya apa saja oleh siapa saja begini dijuluki &amp;quot;tong sampah&amp;quot; dan &amp;quot;anarkisme puitik&amp;quot; (keduanya istilah Ahmadun), so be it! Cara berpikir modernis yang fascis memang selalu ketakutan pada kondisi tiadanya kriteria/ragam kriteria, hilangnya pusat orientasi kiblat nilai-nilai, karnaval kehidupan, massa. &amp;quot;Anarkisme&amp;quot; hanyalah sebuah hantu ciptaan belaka untuk menutupi besarnya rasa panik yang disebabkan oleh hilangnya dominasi kekuasaan hegemoni. Revolusi komunikasi yang dilakukan teknologi Internet hanya mengenal satu kriteria, yaitu ragam kriteria. Hal ini pulalah yang jadi karakter sastra cyber. Apa saja bentuk dari sastra cyber (puisi, novel, cerpen, esei, kritik), apa itu hyperteks atau teks elektronik biasa, tidak jadi soal. Dan memang tidak ada yang jadi persoalan, tidak ada yang mesti digawat-gawatkan. Mungkin cuma satu saja yang memang pantas untuk dipersoalkan: &lt;i&gt;are you ready to connect, man?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Sejarah sastra Indonesia modern mengenal beberapa &amp;quot;gebrakan&amp;quot; konseptual berbentuk polemik di media massa cetak, seperti Polemik Kebudayaan, Polemik Lekra-Manikebu, Pengadilan Puisi, Perdebatan Sastra Kontekstual, sampai dengan Polemik Sastra Pedalaman-Pusat. Semua polemik ini bisa dikatakan terjadi karena adanya interogasi yang dilakukan atas diri produk sastra itu sendiri. Memang ada juga debat atas pantas tidaknya pemakaian istilah &amp;quot;sastra koran&amp;quot; dan sebagainya yang pada hakekatnya masih berputar-putar di sekitar lubuk konsep apa sastra itu sendiri. Medium tempat produk sastra itu diumumkan ke publiknya menjadi dasar penamaan istilah dan bukan dasar penilaian mutu. Sekarang istilah &amp;quot;sastra koran&amp;quot; sudah cukup diterima oleh pelaku dan publik sastra Indonesia dan tidak mengakibatkan timbulnya suatu perasaan rendah diri, malu, atau tidak nyeni di kalangan sastrawan. Mungkinkah hal yang sama juga terjadi atas &amp;quot;sastra cyber&amp;quot;? &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;LITERATUR REFERENSI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Abrar, Ana Nadhya (1997): &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bila Fenomena Jurnalisme Direfleksikan&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;/b&gt;Jakarta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Cardoso, Fernando Henrique/Enzo Falletto (1979): &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dependency and Development in Latin America&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, Berkeley.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Galtung, Johan (1971): &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;quot;A Structural Theory of Imperialism&amp;quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, pada &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;JOURNAL OF PEACE RESEARCH&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; edisi &lt;/i&gt;8. 2.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Halloran, James D. (1998): &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;quot;Social Science, Communication Research and the Third World&amp;quot;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; pada &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;MEDIA DEVELOPMENT&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;edisi 2&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Talcott Parsons (1951): &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Social System&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, New York/London.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Schiller, Herbert (1969): &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mass Communication and American Empire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, New York. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.comhttp://media.isnet.org/aceh/Hegemoni.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://media.isnet.org/aceh/Hegemoni.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.comhttp://situskunci.tripod.com/teks/09th.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://situskunci.tripod.com/teks/09th.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.comhttp://www.geocities.com/sastra1998/utopia.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.geocities.com/sastra1998/utopia.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.comhttp://www.hamline.edu/apakabar/basisdata/1999/06/02/0068.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.hamline.edu/apakabar/basisdata/1999/06/02/0068.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>A STOLE LETTER</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/A+STOLE+LETTER</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/A+STOLE+LETTER</guid><comments>Rename</comments><pubDate>Thu, 22 Feb 2007 21:37:24 CST</pubDate><description>I SERVED my time--never mind in whose office--and I started in &lt;br&gt;business for myself in one of our English country towns, I decline &lt;br&gt;stating which. I hadn&amp;#39;t a farthing of capital, and my friends in the &lt;br&gt;neighborhood were poor and useless enough, with one exception. &lt;br&gt;That exception was Mr. Frank Gatliffe, son of Mr. Gatliffe, member &lt;br&gt;for the county, the richest man and the proudest for many a mile &lt;br&gt;round about our parts. Stop a bit, Mr. Artist, you needn&amp;#39;t perk up &lt;br&gt;and look knowing. You won&amp;#39;t trace any particulars by the name &lt;br&gt;of Gatliffe. I&amp;#39;m not bound to commit myself or any body else by &lt;br&gt;mentioning names. I have given you the first that came into my &lt;br&gt;head. &lt;br&gt;   Well, Mr. Frank was a staunch friend of mine, and ready to rec- &lt;br&gt;ommend me whenever he got the chance. I had contrived to get &lt;br&gt;him a little timely help--for a consideration, of course--in borrow- &lt;br&gt;ing money at a fair rate of interest; in fact, I had saved him from &lt;br&gt;the Jews. The money was borrowed while Mr. Frank was at col- &lt;br&gt;lege. He came back from college, and stopped at home a little &lt;br&gt;while, and then there got spread about all our neighborhood a re- &lt;br&gt;port that he had fallen in love, as the saying is, with his young sis- &lt;br&gt;ter&amp;#39;s governess, and that his mind was made up to marry her. &lt;br&gt;What! you&amp;#39;re at it Again, Mr. Artist! You want to know her name, &lt;br&gt;don&amp;#39;t you? What do you think of Smith? &lt;br&gt;   Speaking, as a lawyer, I consider report, in a general way, to be &lt;br&gt;a fool and a liar. But in this case report turned out to be some- &lt;br&gt;thing very different. Mr. Frank told me he was really in love, and &lt;br&gt;said upon his honor (an absurd expression which young chaps of &lt;br&gt;his age are Always using) he was determined to marry Smith, the &lt;br&gt;governess--the sweet, darling girl, as &lt;i&gt;he&lt;/i&gt; called her; but I&amp;#39;m not sen- &lt;br&gt;timental, and &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt; call her Smith, the governess. Well, Mr. Frank&amp;#39;s fa- &lt;br&gt;ther, being as proud as Lucifer, said &amp;quot;No,&amp;quot; as to marrying the gov- &lt;br&gt;erness, when Mr. Frank wanted him to say &amp;quot;Yes.&amp;quot; He was a man &lt;br&gt;of business, was old Gatliffe, and he took the proper business course. &lt;br&gt;He sent the governess away with a first-rate character and a spank- &lt;br&gt;ing present, and then he looked about him to get something for Mr. &lt;br&gt;Frank to do. While he was looking about, Mr. Frank bolted to &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[49] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;London after the governess, who had nobody alive belonging to her &lt;br&gt;to go to but an aunt--her father&amp;#39;s sister. The aunt refuses to let &lt;br&gt;Mr. Frank in without the squire&amp;#39;s permission, Mr. Frank writes to &lt;br&gt;his father, and says he will marry the girl as soon as he is of age, or &lt;br&gt;shoot himself. Up to town comes the squire and his wife and his &lt;br&gt;daughter, and a lot of sentimentality, not in the slightest degree &lt;br&gt;material to the present statement, takes place among them; and the &lt;br&gt;upshot of it is that old Gatliffe is forced into withdrawing the word &lt;br&gt;No, and substituting the word Yes. &lt;br&gt;   I don&amp;#39;t believe he would ever have done it, though, but for one &lt;br&gt;lucky peculiarity in the case. The governess&amp;#39;s father was a man of &lt;br&gt;good family--pretty nigh as good as Gatliffe&amp;#39;s own. He had been &lt;br&gt;in the army; had sold out; set up as a wine-merchant--failed-- &lt;br&gt;died; ditto his wife, as to the dying part of it. No relation, in fact, &lt;br&gt;left for the squire to make inquiries about but the father&amp;#39;s sister-- &lt;br&gt;who had behaved, as old Gatliffe said, like a, thorough-bred gentle- &lt;br&gt;woman in abutting the door against Mr. Frank in the first instance. &lt;br&gt;So, to cut the matter short, things were at last made up pleasant &lt;br&gt;enough. The time was fixed for the wedding, and an announce- &lt;br&gt;ment about it--Marriage in High Life and all that--put into the &lt;br&gt;county piper. There was a regular biography, besides, of the gov- &lt;br&gt;erness&amp;#39;s father, so as to stop people from talking--a, great flourish &lt;br&gt;about his pedigree, and a long account of his services in the army; &lt;br&gt;but not a word, mind ye, of his having turned wine-merchant after- &lt;br&gt;ward. Oh no--not a word about that! &lt;br&gt;   I knew it, though, for Mr. Frank told me. He hadn&amp;#39;t a bit of &lt;br&gt;pride about him. He introduced me to his future wife one day &lt;br&gt;when I met him out walking, and asked me if I did not think he &lt;br&gt;was a lucky fellow. I don&amp;#39;t mind admitting that I did, and that I &lt;br&gt;told him so. Ah! but she was one of my sort, was that governess. &lt;br&gt;Stood, to the best of my recollection, five foot four. Good lissom &lt;br&gt;figure, that looked as if it had never been boxed up in a pair of &lt;br&gt;stays. Eyes that made me feel as if I was under a pretty stiff cross- &lt;br&gt;examination the moment she looked. at me. Fine red, kiss-and- &lt;br&gt;come-again sort of lips. Cheeks and complexion-- No, Mr. Artist, &lt;br&gt;you wouldn&amp;#39;t identify her by her cheeks and complexion, if I drew &lt;br&gt;you a picture of them this very moment. She has had a family of &lt;br&gt;children since the time I&amp;#39;m talking of; and her cheeks we a trifle &lt;br&gt;fatter, and her complexion, is a shade or two redder now, than when &lt;br&gt;I first met her out walking with Mr. Frank. &lt;br&gt;   The marriage was to take place on a Wednesday. I decline men- &lt;br&gt;tioning the year or the month. I had started as an attorney on my &lt;br&gt;own account--say six weeks, more or less, and was sitting alone in &lt;br&gt;my office on the Monday morning before the wedding-day, trying &lt;br&gt;to see my way clear before me and not succeeding particularly well, &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[50] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;when Mr. Frank suddenly bursts in, as white as any ghost that ever &lt;br&gt;was painted, and says he&amp;#39;s got the most dreadful case for me to ad- &lt;br&gt;vise on, and not an hoar to lose in acting on my advice. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Is this in the way of business, Mr. Frank?&amp;quot; says I, stopping him &lt;br&gt;just as he was beginning to get sentimental. &amp;quot;Yes or no, Mr. &lt;br&gt;Frank?&amp;quot; rapping my new office paper-knife on the table, to pull him &lt;br&gt;up short all the sooner. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;My dear fellow &amp;quot;--he was always familiar with me--&amp;quot;it&amp;#39;s in the &lt;br&gt;way of business, certainly; but friendship--&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   I was obliged to pull him up short again, and regularly examine &lt;br&gt;him as if he had been in the witness-box, or he would have kept me &lt;br&gt;talking to no purpose half the day. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Now, Mr. Frank,&amp;quot; says I, &amp;quot;I can&amp;#39;t have any sentimentality mixed &lt;br&gt;up with business matters. You please to stop talking, and let me &lt;br&gt;ask questions. Answer in the fewest words you can use. Nod &lt;br&gt;when nodding will do instead of words.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   I fixed him with my eye for about three seconds, as he sat groan- &lt;br&gt;ing and wriggling in his chair. When I&amp;#39;d done fixing him, I gave &lt;br&gt;another rap with my paper-knife on the table to startle him up a &lt;br&gt;bit. Then I went on. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;From what you have been stating up to the present time,&amp;quot; says &lt;br&gt;I, &amp;quot;I gather that you are in a scrape which is likely to interfere se- &lt;br&gt;riously with your marriage on Wednesday?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   (He nodded, and I cut in again before he could say a word): &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;The scrape affects your young lady, and goes back to the period &lt;br&gt;of a transaction in which her late father was engaged, don&amp;#39;t it?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   (He nods, and I cut in once more): &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;There is a party, who turned up after seeing the announcement &lt;br&gt;of your marriage in the paper, who is cognizant of what he oughtn&amp;#39;t &lt;br&gt;to know, and who is prepared to use his knowledge of the same to &lt;br&gt;the prejudice of the young lady and of your marriage, unless he re- &lt;br&gt;ceives a sum of money to quiet him? Very well. Now, first of all, &lt;br&gt;Mr. Frank, state what you have been told by the young lady her- &lt;br&gt;self about the transaction of her late father. How did you first &lt;br&gt;come to have any knowledge of it?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;She was talking to me about her father one day so tenderly and &lt;br&gt;prettily, that she quite excited my interest about him,&amp;quot; begins Mr. &lt;br&gt;Frank; &amp;quot;and I asked her, among other things, what had occasioned &lt;br&gt;his death. She said she believed it was distress of mind in the first &lt;br&gt;instance; and added that this distress was connected with a shock- &lt;br&gt;ing secret, which she and her mother had kept from every body, but &lt;br&gt;which she could not keep from me, because she was determined to &lt;br&gt;begin her married life by having no secrets from her husband.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;Here Mr. Frank began to get sentimental again, and I pulled him &lt;br&gt;up short once more with the paper-knife. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[51] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;She told me,&amp;quot; Mr. Frank went on, &amp;quot;that the great mistake of &lt;br&gt;her father&amp;#39;s life was his selling out of the army and taking to the &lt;br&gt;wine trade. He had no talent for business; things went wrong with &lt;br&gt;him from the first. His clerk, it was strongly suspected, cheated &lt;br&gt;him--&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Stop a bit,&amp;quot; says I. &amp;quot;What was that suspected clerk&amp;#39;s name?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Davager,&amp;quot; says he. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Davager,&amp;quot; says I, making a note of it. &amp;quot;Go on Mr. Frank.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;His affairs got more and more entangled,&amp;quot; says Mr. Frank; &amp;quot;he &lt;br&gt;was pressed for money in all directions; bankruptcy, and conse- &lt;br&gt;quent dishonor (as he considered it), stared him in the face. His &lt;br&gt;mind was so affected by his troubles that both his wife and daugh- &lt;br&gt;ter, toward the last, considered him to be hardly responsible for his &lt;br&gt;own acts. In this state of desperation and misery, he--&amp;quot; Here Mr. &lt;br&gt;Frank began to hesitate. &lt;br&gt;   We have two ways in the law of drawing evidence off nice and &lt;br&gt;clear from an unwilling client or witness. We give him a fright, or &lt;br&gt;we treat him to a joke. I treated Mr. Frank to a joke. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Ah!&amp;quot; says I, &amp;quot;I know what he did. He had a signature to &lt;br&gt;write; and, by the most natural mistake in the world, he wrote an- &lt;br&gt;other gentleman&amp;#39;s name instead of his own--eh?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;It was to a bill,&amp;quot; says Mr. Frank, looking very crest-fallen, in- &lt;br&gt;stead of taking the joke. &amp;quot;His principal creditor wouldn&amp;#39;t wait till &lt;br&gt;he could raise the money, or the greater part of it. But he was re- &lt;br&gt;solved, if he sold off every thing, to get the amount and repay--&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Of course,&amp;quot; says I, &amp;quot;drop that. The forgery was discovered. When?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Before even the first attempt was made to negotiate the bill. &lt;br&gt;He had done the whole thing in the most absurdly and innocently &lt;br&gt;wrong way. The person whose name he had used was a staunch &lt;br&gt;friend of his, and a relation of his wife&amp;#39;s--a good man as well as a &lt;br&gt;rich one. He had influence with the chief creditor, and he used it &lt;br&gt;nobly. He had a real affection for the unfortunate man&amp;#39;s wife, and &lt;br&gt;he proved it generously.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Come to the point,&amp;quot; says I. &amp;quot;What did he do? In a business &lt;br&gt;way, what did he do ?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;He put the false bill into the fire, drew a bill of his own to re- &lt;br&gt;place it, and then--only then--told my dear girl and her mother all &lt;br&gt;that had happened. Can you imagine any thing nobler ?&amp;quot; asks Mr. &lt;br&gt;Frank. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Speaking in my professional capacity, I can&amp;#39;t imagine any thing &lt;br&gt;greener ?&amp;quot; says I. &amp;quot;Where was the father? Off, I suppose?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Ill in bed,&amp;quot; says Mr. Frank, coloring. &amp;quot;But he mustered &lt;br&gt;strength enough to write a contrite and grateful letter the same &lt;br&gt;day, promising to prove himself worthy of the noble moderation &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[52] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;and forgiveness extended to him, by selling off every thing he pos-&lt;br&gt;sessed to repay his money debt. He did sell off every thing, down&lt;br&gt;to some old family pictures that were heir-looms; down to the little&lt;br&gt;plate he had; down to the very tables and chairs that furnished his&lt;br&gt;drawing-room. Every farthing of the debt was paid; and he was&lt;br&gt;left to begin the world again, with the kindest promises of help&lt;br&gt;from the generous man who had forgiven him. It was too late.&lt;br&gt;His crime of one rash moment--atoned for though it had been--&lt;br&gt;preyed upon his mind. He became possessed with the idea that he&lt;br&gt;had lowered himself forever in the estimation of his wife and daugh-&lt;br&gt;ter, and--&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;He died,&amp;quot; I cut in. &amp;quot;Yes, yes, we know that. Let&amp;#39;s go back&lt;br&gt;for a minute to the contrite and grateful letter that he wrote. My&lt;br&gt;experience in the law, Mr. Frank, has convinced me that if every&lt;br&gt;body burned every body else&amp;#39;s letters, half the courts of justice in&lt;br&gt;this country might shut up shop. Do you happen to know whether&lt;br&gt;the letter we are now speaking of contained any thing like an avow-&lt;br&gt;al or confession of the forgery?&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot; Of course it did,&amp;quot; says he. &amp;quot;Could the writer express his con-&lt;br&gt;trition properly without making some such confession?&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Quite easy, if he had been a lawyer,&amp;quot; says I. &amp;quot;But never mind&lt;br&gt;that; I&amp;#39;m going to make a guess--a desperate guess, mind. Should&lt;br&gt;I be altogether in error if I thought that this letter had been stolen;&lt;br&gt;and that the fingers of Mr. Davager, of auspicious commercial celeb-&lt;br&gt;rity, might possibly be the fingers which took it?&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;That is exactly what I wanted to make you understand,&amp;quot; cried&lt;br&gt;Mr. Frank.&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;How did he communicate the interesting fact of the theft to&lt;br&gt;you?&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;He has not ventured into my presence. The scoundrel actually&lt;br&gt;had the audacity--&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Aha !&amp;quot; says I. &amp;quot;The young lady herself ! Sharp practitioner, Mr. Davager.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Early this morning, when she was walking alone in the shrub-&lt;br&gt;bery,&amp;quot; Mr. Frank goes on, &amp;quot;he had the assurance to approach her,&lt;br&gt;and to say that he had been watching his opportunity of getting a&lt;br&gt;private interview for days past. He then showed her--actually&lt;br&gt;showed her--her unfortunate father&amp;#39;s letter; put into her hands an-&lt;br&gt;other letter directed to me; bowed, and walked off; leaving her&lt;br&gt;half dead with astonishment and terror. If I had only happened to&lt;br&gt;be there at the time !&amp;quot; says Mr. Frank, shaking his fist murderous-&lt;br&gt;ly in the air, by way of a finish.&lt;br&gt;    It&amp;#39;s the greatest luck in the world that you were not,&amp;quot; says I.&lt;br&gt;Have you got that other letter?&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;    He handed it to me. It was so remarkably humorous and short, &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[53] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;that I remember every word of it at this distance of time. It began&lt;br&gt;in this way: &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;     To Francis Gatliffe, Esq., Jun. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;SIR,--I have an extremely curious autograph letter to sell. The&lt;br&gt;price is a five-hundred-pound note. The young lady to whom you&lt;br&gt;are to be married on Wednesday will inform you of the nature of&lt;br&gt;the letter, and the genuineness of the autograph. If you refuse to&lt;br&gt;deal, I shall send a copy to the local paper, and shall wait on your&lt;br&gt;highly-respected father with the original curiosity, on the afternoon&lt;br&gt;of Tuesday next. Having come down here on family business, I&lt;br&gt;have put up at the family hotel--being to be heard of at the Gat-&lt;br&gt;liffe Arms. Your very obedient servant, ALFRED DAVAGER.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;    &amp;quot;A clever fellow that,&amp;quot; says I, putting the letter into my private&lt;br&gt;drawer.&lt;br&gt;    &amp;quot;Clever ! cries Mr. Frank, &amp;quot;he ought to be horsewhipped with-&lt;br&gt;in an inch of his life. I would have done it myself; but she made&lt;br&gt;me promise, before she told me a word of the matter, to come&lt;br&gt;straight to you.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;That was one of the wisest promises you ever made,&amp;quot; says I.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;We can&amp;#39;t afford to bully this fellow, whatever else we may do with&lt;br&gt;him. Do you think I am saying any thing libelous against your&lt;br&gt;excellent father&amp;#39;s character when I assert that if he saw the letter&lt;br&gt;he would certainly insist on your marriage being put off, at the very&lt;br&gt;least ?&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Feeling as my father does about my marriage, he would insist&lt;br&gt;on its being dropped altogether, if he saw this letter,&amp;quot; says Mr.&lt;br&gt;Frank, with a groan. &amp;quot;But even that is not the worst of it. The&lt;br&gt;generous, noble girl herself says that if the letter appears in the&lt;br&gt;paper, with all the unanswerable comments this scoundrel would be&lt;br&gt;sure to add to it, she would rather die than hold me to my engage-&lt;br&gt;ment, even if my father would let me keep it.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   As he said this his eyes began to water. He was a weak young&lt;br&gt;fellow, and ridiculously fond of her. I brought him back to busi-&lt;br&gt;ness with another rap of the paper-knife.&lt;br&gt;   Hold up, Mr. Frank,&amp;quot; says I. &amp;quot;I have a question or two more.&lt;br&gt;Did you think of asking the young lady whether, to the best of her&lt;br&gt;knowledge, this infernal letter was the only written evidence of the&lt;br&gt;forgery now in existence ?&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Yes, I did think directly of asking her that,&amp;quot; says he; &amp;quot;and she&lt;br&gt;told me she was quite certain that there was no written evidence of&lt;br&gt;the forgery except that one letter.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Will you give Mr. Davager his price for it?&amp;quot; says I.&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Yes,&amp;quot; says Mr. Frank, quite peevish with me for asking him such &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[54] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;a question. He was an easy young chap in money matters, and talked&lt;br&gt;of hundreds as most men talk of sixpences.&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Mr. Frank,&amp;quot; says I, &amp;quot;you came here to get my help and advice&lt;br&gt;in this extremely ticklish business, and you are ready, as I know&lt;br&gt;without asking, to remunerate me for all and any of my services at&lt;br&gt;the usual professional rate. Now, I&amp;#39;ve made up my mind to act&lt;br&gt;boldly--desperately, if you like--on the hit or miss, win all or lose&lt;br&gt;all principle--in dealing with this matter. Here is my proposal.&lt;br&gt;I&amp;#39;m going to try if I can&amp;#39;t do Mr. Davager out of his letter. If I&lt;br&gt;don&amp;#39;t succeed before to-morrow afternoon, you hand him the money,&lt;br&gt;and I charge you nothing for professional services. If I do succeed,&lt;br&gt;I hand you the letter instead of Mr. Davager, and you give me the&lt;br&gt;money instead of giving it to him. It&amp;#39;s a precious risk for me, but&lt;br&gt;I&amp;#39;m ready to run it. You must pay your five hundred any way.&lt;br&gt;What do you say to my plan? Is it Yes, Mr. Frank, or No?&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Hang your questions!&amp;quot; cries Mr. Frank, jumping up; &amp;quot;you&lt;br&gt;know it&amp;#39;s Yes ten thousand times over. Only you earn the money&lt;br&gt;and--&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;And you will be too glad to give it to me. Very good. Now&lt;br&gt;go home. Comfort the young lady--don&amp;#39;t let Mr. Davager so much&lt;br&gt;as set eyes on you--keep quiet--leave, every thing to me--and feel&lt;br&gt;as certain as you please that all the letters in the world can&amp;#39;t stop&lt;br&gt;your being married on Wednesday.&amp;quot; With these words I hustled&lt;br&gt;him off out of the office, for I wanted to be left alone to make my&lt;br&gt;mind up about what I should do.&lt;br&gt;   The first thing, of course, was to have a look at the enemy. I&lt;br&gt;wrote to Mr. Davager, telling him that I was privately appointed&lt;br&gt;to arrange the little business matter between himself and &amp;quot;another&lt;br&gt;party&amp;quot; (no names !) on friendly terms; and begging him to call on&lt;br&gt;me at his earliest convenience. At the very beginning of the case,&lt;br&gt;Mr. Davager bothered me. His answer was, that it would not be&lt;br&gt;convenient to him to call till between six and seven in the evening.&lt;br&gt;In this way, you see, he contrived to make me lose several precious&lt;br&gt;hours, at a time when minutes almost were of importance. I had&lt;br&gt;nothing for it but to be patient, and to give certain instructions, be-&lt;br&gt;fore Mr. Davager came, to my boy Tom.&lt;br&gt;   There never was such a sharp boy of fourteen before, and there&lt;br&gt;never will be again, as my boy Tom. A spy to look after Mr. Dav-&lt;br&gt;ager was, of course, the first requisite in a case of this kind; and&lt;br&gt;Tom was the smallest, quickest, quietest,sharpest, stealthiest little&lt;br&gt;snake of a chap that ever dogged a gentleman&amp;#39;s steps and kept&lt;br&gt;cleverly out of range of a gentleman&amp;#39;s eyes. I settled it with the&lt;br&gt;boy that he was not to show at all when Mr. Davager came; and&lt;br&gt;that he was to wait to hear me ring the bell when Mr. Davager left.&lt;br&gt;If I rang twice, he was to show the gentleman out. If I rang once, &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[55] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;he was to keep out of the way, and follow the gentleman wherever&lt;br&gt;he went till he got back to the inn. Those were the only prepara-&lt;br&gt;tions I could make to begin with; being obliged to wait, and let&lt;br&gt;myself be guided by what turned up.&lt;br&gt;   About a quarter to seven my gentleman came.&lt;br&gt;   In the profession of the law we get somehow quite remarkably&lt;br&gt;mixed up with ugly people, blackguard people, and dirty people.&lt;br&gt;But far away the ugliest and dirtiest blackguard I ever saw in my&lt;br&gt;life was Mr. Alfred Davager. He had greasy white hair and a mot-&lt;br&gt;tled face. He was low in the forehead, fat in the stomach, hoarse&lt;br&gt;in the voice, and weak in the legs. Both his eyes were blood-shot,&lt;br&gt;and one was fixed in his head. He smelled of spirits, and carried a&lt;br&gt;tooth-pick in his mouth. &amp;quot;How are you? I&amp;#39;ve just done dinner,&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;says he; and he lights a cigar, sits down with his legs crossed, and&lt;br&gt;winks at me.&lt;br&gt;   I tried at first to take the measure of him in a wheedling, confi-&lt;br&gt;dential way; but it was no good. I asked him, in a facetious, smil-&lt;br&gt;ing manner, how he had got hold of the letter. He only told me in&lt;br&gt;answer that he had been in the confidential employment of the writ-&lt;br&gt;er of it, and that he had always been famous since infancy for a sharp&lt;br&gt;eye to his own interests. I paid him some compliments; but he was&lt;br&gt;not to be flattered. I tried to make him lose his temper; but he&lt;br&gt;kept it in spite of me. It ended in his driving me to my last re-&lt;br&gt;source--I made an attempt to frighten him.&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Before we say a word about the money,&amp;quot; I began, &amp;quot;let me put a&lt;br&gt;case, Mr. Davager. The pull you have on Mr. Francis Gatliffe is,&lt;br&gt;that you can hinder his marriage on Wednesday. Now, suppose I&lt;br&gt;have got a magistrate&amp;#39;s warrant to apprehend you in my pocket?&lt;br&gt;Suppose I have a constable to execute it in the next room? Sup-&lt;br&gt;pose I bring you up to-morrow--the day before the marriage--&lt;br&gt;charge you only generally with an attempt to extort money, and ap-&lt;br&gt;ply for a day&amp;#39;s remand to complete the case ? Suppose, as a sus-&lt;br&gt;picious stranger, you can&amp;#39;t get bail in this town? Suppose--&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Stop a bit,&amp;quot; says Mr. Davager. &amp;quot;Suppose I should not be&lt;br&gt;the greenest fool that ever stood in shoes? Suppose I should not carry&lt;br&gt;the letter about me? Suppose I should have given a Certain en-&lt;br&gt;velope to a certain friend of mine in a certain place in this town?&lt;br&gt;Suppose the letter should be inside that envelope, directed to old&lt;br&gt;Gatliffe, side by side with a copy of the letter directed to the editor&lt;br&gt;of the local paper? Suppose my friend should be instructed to open&lt;br&gt;the envelope, and take the letters to their right address, if I don&amp;#39;t&lt;br&gt;appear to claim them from him this evening? In short, my dear&lt;br&gt;sir, suppose you were born yesterday, and suppose I wasn&amp;#39;t ?&amp;quot; says&lt;br&gt;Mr. Davager, and winks at me again.&lt;br&gt;   He didn&amp;#39;t take me by surprise, for I never expected that he had &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[56] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;the letter about him. I made a pretense of being very much taken&lt;br&gt;aback, and of being quite ready to give in. We settled our business&lt;br&gt;about delivering the letter, and handing over the money, in no time.&lt;br&gt;I was to draw out a document, which he was to sign. He knew the&lt;br&gt;document was stuff and nonsense, just as well as I did, and told me&lt;br&gt;I was only proposing it to swell my client&amp;#39;s bill. Sharp as he was,&lt;br&gt;he was wrong there. The document was not to be drawn out to&lt;br&gt;gain money from Mr. Frank, but to gain time from Mr. Davager.&lt;br&gt;It served me as an excuse to put off the payment of the five hun-&lt;br&gt;dred pounds till three o&amp;#39;clock on the Tuesday afternoon. The&lt;br&gt;Tuesday morning Mr. Davager said he should devote to his amuse-&lt;br&gt;ment, and asked me what sights were to be seen in the neighbor-&lt;br&gt;hood of the town. When I had told him, he pitched his tooth-pick&lt;br&gt;into my grate, yawned, and went out.&lt;br&gt;   I rang the bell once--waited till he had passed the window--and&lt;br&gt;then looked after Tom. There was my jewel of a boy on the oppo-&lt;br&gt;site side of the street, just setting his top going in the most playful&lt;br&gt;manner possible ! Mr. Davager walked away up the street toward&lt;br&gt;the market-place. Tom whipped his top up the street toward the&lt;br&gt;market-place too.&lt;br&gt;   In a quarter of an hour he came back, with all his evidence col-&lt;br&gt;lected in a beautifully clear and compact state. Mr. Davager had&lt;br&gt;walked to a public-house just outside the town, in a lane leading to&lt;br&gt;the high-road. On a bench outside the public-house there sat a&lt;br&gt;man smoking. He said &amp;quot;All right?&amp;quot; and gave a letter to Mr. Dav-&lt;br&gt;ager, who answered &amp;quot;All right !&amp;quot; and walked back to the inn. In&lt;br&gt;the hall he ordered hot rum-and-water, cigars, slippers, and a fire to&lt;br&gt;be lit in his room. After that he went up stairs, and Tom came&lt;br&gt;away.&lt;br&gt;   I now saw my road clear before me--not very far on, but still&lt;br&gt;clear. I had housed the letter, in all probability for that night, at&lt;br&gt;the Gatliffe Arms. After tipping Tom, I gave him directions to&lt;br&gt;play about the door of the inn, and refresh himself when he was&lt;br&gt;tired at the tart-shop opposite, eating as much as he pleased , on&lt;br&gt;the understanding that he crammed all the time with his eye on the&lt;br&gt;window. If Mr. Davager went out, or Mr. Davager&amp;#39;s friend called&lt;br&gt;on him, Tom was to let me know. He was also to take a little note&lt;br&gt;from me to the head chamber-maid--an old friend of mine--asking&lt;br&gt;her to step over to my office, on a private matter of business, as soon&lt;br&gt;as her work was done for that night. After settling these little&lt;br&gt;matters, having half an hour to spare, I turned to and did myself a&lt;br&gt;bloater at the office fire, and had a drop of gin-and-water hot, and&lt;br&gt;felt comparatively happy.&lt;br&gt;   When the head chamber-maid came, it turned out, as good luck&lt;br&gt;would have it, that Mr. Davager had drawn her attention rather too &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[57] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;closely to his ugliness, by offering her a testimony of his regard in &lt;br&gt;the shape of a kiss. I no sooner mentioned him than she flew into a &lt;br&gt;passion; and when I added, by way of clinching the matter, that I &lt;br&gt;was retained to defend the interests of a very beautiful and deserv- &lt;br&gt;ing young lady (name not referred to, of course) against the most &lt;br&gt;cruel underhand treachery on the part of Mr. Davager, the head &lt;br&gt;chamber-maid was ready to go any lengths that she could safely to &lt;br&gt;serve my cause. In a few words I discovered that Boots was to call &lt;br&gt;Mr. Davager at eight the next morning, and was to take his clothes &lt;br&gt;down stairs to brush as usual. If Mr. D---- had not emptied his &lt;br&gt;own pockets overnight, we arranged that Boots was to forget to &lt;br&gt;empty them for him, and was to bring the clothes down stairs just &lt;br&gt;as he found them. If Mr. D----&amp;#39;s pockets were emptied, then, of &lt;br&gt;course, it would be necessary to transfer the searching process to &lt;br&gt;Mr. D----&amp;#39;s room. Under any circumstances, I was certain of the &lt;br&gt;head chamber-maid; and under any circumstances also, the head &lt;br&gt;chamber-maid was certain of Boots. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;   I waited till Tom came home, looking very puffy and bilious &lt;br&gt;about the face; but as to his intellects, if any thing, rather sharper &lt;br&gt;than ever. His report was uncommonly short and pleasant. The &lt;br&gt;inn was shutting up; Mr. Davager was going to bed in rather a &lt;br&gt;drunken condition; Mr. Davager&amp;#39;s friend had never appeared. I &lt;br&gt;sent Tom (properly instructed about keeping our man in view all &lt;br&gt;the next morning) to his shake-down behind the office-desk, where &lt;br&gt;I heard him hiccoughing half the night, as even the best boys will, &lt;br&gt;when overexcited and too full of tarts. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;   At half -past seven next morning, I slipped quietly into Boots&amp;#39;s &lt;br&gt;pantry. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;   Down came the clothes. No pockets in trowsers. Waistcoat- &lt;br&gt;pockets empty. Coat-pockets with something in them. First, &lt;br&gt;handkerchief; secondly, bunch of keys; thirdly, cigar-case ; fourth- &lt;br&gt;ly, pocket-book. Of course I wasn&amp;#39;t such a fool as to expect to find &lt;br&gt;the letter there, but I opened the pocket-book with a certain curios- &lt;br&gt;ity, notwithstanding. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;   Nothing in the two pockets of the book but some old advertise- &lt;br&gt;ments cut out of newspapers, a lock of hair tied round with a dirty &lt;br&gt;bit of ribbon, a circular letter about a loan society, and some copies &lt;br&gt;of verses not likely to suit any company that was not of an extreme- &lt;br&gt;ly free and easy description. On the leaves of the pocket-book, &lt;br&gt;people&amp;#39;s addresses scrawled in pencil, and bets jotted down in red &lt;br&gt;ink. On one leaf, by itself, this queer inscription: &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;MEM. 5 ALONG. 4 ACROSS.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;   I understood every thing but those words and figures, so of &lt;br&gt;course I copied them out into my own book. Then I waited in the &lt;br&gt;pantry till Boots had brushed the clothes, and had taken them up &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[58] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;stairs. His report when he came down was, that Mr. D---- had &lt;br&gt;asked if it was a fine morning. Being told that it was, he had or- &lt;br&gt;dered breakfast at nine, and a saddle-horse to be at the door at ten, &lt;br&gt;to take him to Grimwith Abbey--one of the sights in our neighbor- &lt;br&gt;hood which I had told him of the evening before. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;ll be here, coming in by the back way, at half-past ten,&amp;quot; says I &lt;br&gt;to the head chamber-maid. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;What for?&amp;quot; says she. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;To take the responsibility of making Mr. Davager&amp;#39;s bed off your &lt;br&gt;hands for this morning only,&amp;quot; says I. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Any more orders?&amp;quot; says she. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;One more,&amp;quot; says I. &amp;quot;I want to hire Sam for the morning. &lt;br&gt;Put it down in the order-book that he&amp;#39;s to be brought round to my &lt;br&gt;office at ten.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   In case you should think Sam was a man, I&amp;#39;d better perhaps tell &lt;br&gt;you he was a pony. I&amp;#39;d made up my mind that it would be bene- &lt;br&gt;ficial to Tom&amp;#39;s health, after the tarts, if he took a constitutional air- &lt;br&gt;ing on a nice hard saddle in the direction of Grimwith Abbey. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Any thing else?&amp;quot; says the head chamber-maid. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Only one more favor,&amp;quot; says I &amp;quot;Would my boy Tom be very &lt;br&gt;much in the way if he came, from now till ten, to help with the &lt;br&gt;boots and shoes, and stood at his work close by this window which &lt;br&gt;looks out on the staircase?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Not a bit,&amp;quot; says the head chamber-maid. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Thank you,&amp;quot; says I; and stepped back to my office directly. &lt;br&gt;   When I had sent Tom off to help with the boots and shoes, I re- &lt;br&gt;viewed the whole case exactly as it stood at that time. &lt;br&gt;   There were three things Mr. Davager might do with the letter. &lt;br&gt;He might give it to his friend again before ten--in which case Tom &lt;br&gt;would most likely see the said friend on the stairs. He might take &lt;br&gt;it to his friend, or to some other friend, after ten--in which case &lt;br&gt;Tom was ready to follow him on Sam the pony. And, lastly, he &lt;br&gt;might leave it hidden somewhere in his room at the inn--in which &lt;br&gt;case I was all ready for him with a search-warrant of my own grant- &lt;br&gt;ing, under favor always of my friend the head chamber-maid. So &lt;br&gt;far I had my business arrangements all gathered up nice and com- &lt;br&gt;pact in my own hands. Only two things bothered me; the terrible &lt;br&gt;shortness of the time at my disposal, in case I failed in my first ex- &lt;br&gt;periments, for getting hold of the letter, and that queer inscription &lt;br&gt;which I had copied out of the pocket-book, &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;MEM. 5 ALONG. 4 ACROSS.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   It was the measurement most likely of something, and he was &lt;br&gt;afraid of forgetting it; therefore it was something important. &lt;br&gt;Query--something about himself? Say &amp;quot;5 &amp;quot; (inches) &amp;quot;along &amp;quot;--he &lt;br&gt;doesn&amp;#39;t wear a wig. Say &amp;quot;5&amp;quot; (feet) &amp;quot;along&amp;quot; --it can&amp;#39;t be coat, &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[59] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;waistcoat, trowsers,or under-clothing. Say&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; (yards) &amp;quot;along&amp;quot;-- &lt;br&gt;it can&amp;#39;t be any thing about himself, unless he wears round his body &lt;br&gt;the rope that he&amp;#39;s sure to be hanged with one of these days. Then &lt;br&gt;it is &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; something about himself. What do I know of that is im- &lt;br&gt;portant to him besides? I know of nothing but the Letter. Can &lt;br&gt;the memorandum be connected with that? Say, yes. What do &amp;quot;5 &lt;br&gt;along&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;4 across&amp;quot; mean, then ? The measurement of some- &lt;br&gt;thing he carries about with him? or the measurement of something &lt;br&gt;in his room? I could get pretty satisfactorily to myself as far as &lt;br&gt;that; but I could get no further. &lt;br&gt;   Tom came back to the office, and reported him mounted for his &lt;br&gt;ride. His friend had never appeared. I sent the boy off, with his &lt;br&gt;proper instructions, on Sam&amp;#39;s back--wrote an encouraging letter to &lt;br&gt;Mr. Frank to keep him quiet--then slipped into the inn by the back &lt;br&gt;way a little before half-past ten. The head chamber-maid gave me &lt;br&gt;a signal when the landing was clear. I got into his room without &lt;br&gt;a soul but her seeing me, and locked the door immediately. &lt;br&gt;   The case was, to a certain extent, simplified now. Either Mr. &lt;br&gt;Davager had ridden out with the letter about him, or he had left it &lt;br&gt;in some safe hiding-plaee in his room. I suspected it to be in his &lt;br&gt;room, for a reason that will a little astonish you--his trunk, his &lt;br&gt;dressing-case, and all the drawers and cupboards, were left open. &lt;br&gt;I knew my customer, and I thought this extraordinary carelessness &lt;br&gt;on his part rather suspicious. &lt;br&gt;   Mr. Davager had taken one of the best bedrooms at the Gatliffe &lt;br&gt;Arms. Floor carpeted all over, walls beautifully papered, four- &lt;br&gt;poster, and general furniture first-rate. I searched, to begin with, &lt;br&gt;on the usual plan, examining every thing in every possible way, and &lt;br&gt;taking more than an hour about it. No discovery. Then I pulled &lt;br&gt;out a carpenter&amp;#39;s rule which I had brought with me. Was there &lt;br&gt;any thing in the room which--either in inches, feet, or yards--an- &lt;br&gt;swered to &amp;quot;5 along&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;4 across ?&amp;quot; Nothing. I put the rule &lt;br&gt;back in my pocket--measurement was no good, evidently. Was &lt;br&gt;there any thing in the room that would count up to 5 one way and &lt;br&gt;4 another, seeing that nothing would measure up to it? I had got &lt;br&gt;obstinately persuaded by this time that the letter must be in the &lt;br&gt;room--principally because of the trouble I had had in looking after &lt;br&gt;it. And persuading myself of that, I took it into my head next, &lt;br&gt;just as obstinately, that &amp;quot;5, along&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;4 across&amp;quot; must be the &lt;br&gt;right clue to find the letter by--principally because I hadn&amp;#39;t left &lt;br&gt;myself after all my searching and thinking, even so much as the &lt;br&gt;ghost of another guide to go by. &amp;quot;5 along &amp;quot;--where could I count &lt;br&gt;five along the room, in any part of it ? &lt;br&gt;   Not on the paper. The pattern there was pillars of trellis-work &lt;br&gt;and flowers, inclosing a plain green ground--only four pillars along &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[60] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;the wall and only two across. The furniture There were not five &lt;br&gt;chairs or five separate pieces of any furniture in the room altogeth- &lt;br&gt;er. The fringes that hung from the cornice of the bed? Plenty of &lt;br&gt;them, at any rate ! Up I jumped on the counterpane, with my pen- &lt;br&gt;knife in my hand. Every way that&amp;quot; 5 along&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;4 across&amp;quot; could &lt;br&gt;be reckoned on those unlucky fringes I reckoned on them--probed &lt;br&gt;with my penknife--scratched with my nails--crunched with my &lt;br&gt;fingers. No use; not a sign of a letter; and the time was getting &lt;br&gt;on--oh Lord ! how the time did get on in Mr. Davager&amp;#39;s room &lt;br&gt;that morning. &lt;br&gt;   I jumped down from the bed, so desperate at my ill luck that I &lt;br&gt;hardly cared whether any body heard me or not. Quite a little &lt;br&gt;cloud of dust rose at my feet as they thumped on the carpet. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Hullo !&amp;quot; thought I, &amp;quot;my friend the head chamber-maid takes &lt;br&gt;it easy here. Nice state for a carpet to be in, in one of the best bed- &lt;br&gt;rooms at the Gatliffe Arms.&amp;quot; Carpet! I had been jumping up on &lt;br&gt;the bed, and staring up at the walls, but I had never so much as &lt;br&gt;given a glance down at the carpet. Think of me pretending to be &lt;br&gt;a lawyer, and not knowing how to look low enough ! &lt;br&gt;   The carpet! It had been a stout article in its time; had evident- &lt;br&gt;ly began in a drawing-room; then descended to a coffee-room; then &lt;br&gt;gone up stairs altogether to a bedroom. The ground was brown, &lt;br&gt;and the pattern was bunches of leaves and roses speckled over the &lt;br&gt;ground at regular distances. I reckoned up the bunches. Ten &lt;br&gt;along the room--eight across it. When I had stepped out five one &lt;br&gt;way and four the other, and was down on my knees on the centre &lt;br&gt;bunch, as true as I sit on this chair I could hear my own heart beat- &lt;br&gt;ing so loud that it quite frightened me. &lt;br&gt;   I looked narrowly all over the bunch, and I felt all over it with &lt;br&gt;the ends of my fingers, and nothing came of that. Then I scraped &lt;br&gt;it over slowly and gently with my nails. My second finger-nail &lt;br&gt;stuck a little at one place. I parted the pile of the carpet over that &lt;br&gt;place, and saw a thin slit which had been hidden by the pile being &lt;br&gt;smoothed over it--a slit about half an inch long, with a little end &lt;br&gt;of brown thread, exactly the color of the carpet ground, sticking &lt;br&gt;out about a quarter of an inch from the middle of it. Just as &lt;br&gt;I laid hold of the thread gently, I heard a footstep outside the &lt;br&gt;door. &lt;br&gt;   It was only the head chamber-maid. &amp;quot;Haven&amp;#39;t you done yet?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;she whispers. &lt;br&gt;   &amp;quot;Give me two minutes,&amp;quot; says I, &amp;quot;and don&amp;#39;t let any body come &lt;br&gt;near the door--whatever you do, don&amp;#39;t let any body startle me &lt;br&gt;again by coming near the door.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;   I took a little pull at the thread, and heard something rustle. I &lt;br&gt;took a longer pull, and out came a piece of paper, rolled up tight &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[61] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;like those candle-lighters that the ladies make. I unrolled it-and, &lt;br&gt;by George! there was the letter! &lt;br&gt;   The original letter ! I knew it by the color of the ink. The let- &lt;br&gt;ter that was worth five hundred pounds to me! It was all that I &lt;br&gt;could do to keep myself at first from throwing my hat into the air, &lt;br&gt;and hurraing like mad. I had to take a chair and sit quiet in it &lt;br&gt;for a minute or two, before I could cool myself down to my proper &lt;br&gt;business level. I knew that I was safely down again when I found &lt;br&gt;myself pondering how to let Mr. Davager know that he had been &lt;br&gt;done by the innocent country attorney after all. &lt;br&gt;   It was not long before a nice little irritating plan occurred to me. &lt;br&gt;I tore a blank leaf out of my pocket-book, wrote on it with my pen- &lt;br&gt;cil, &amp;quot;Change for a five-hundred-pound note,&amp;quot; folded up the paper, &lt;br&gt;tied the thread to it, poked it back into the hiding-place, smoothed &lt;br&gt;over the pile of the carpet, and then bolted off to Mr. Frank. He &lt;br&gt;in his turn bolted off to show the letter to the young lady, who first &lt;br&gt;certified to its genuineness, then dropped it into the fire, and then &lt;br&gt;took the initiative for the first time since her marriage engagement, &lt;br&gt;by flinging her arms round his neck, kissing him with all her might, &lt;br&gt;and going into hysterics in his arms. So at least Mr. Frank told &lt;br&gt;me, but that&amp;#39;s not evidence. It is evidence, however, that I saw &lt;br&gt;them married with my own eyes on the Wednesday; and that &lt;br&gt;while they went off in a carriage-and-four to spend the honey- &lt;br&gt;moon, I went off on my own legs to open a credit at the Town and &lt;br&gt;County Bank with a five-hundred-pound note in my pocket. &lt;br&gt;   As to Mr. Davager, I can tell you nothing more about him, except &lt;br&gt;what is derived from hearsay evidence, which is always unsatisfac- &lt;br&gt;tory evidence, even in a lawyer&amp;#39;s mouth. &lt;br&gt;   My inestimable boy, Tom, although twice kicked off by Sam the &lt;br&gt;pony, never lost hold of the bridle, and kept his man in sight from &lt;br&gt;first to last. He had nothing particular to report, except that on &lt;br&gt;the way out to the Abbey Mr. Davagger had stopped at the public- &lt;br&gt;house, had spoken a word or two to his friend of the night before, &lt;br&gt;and had handed him what looked like a bit of paper. This was no &lt;br&gt;doubt a clue to the thread that held the letter, to be used in case of &lt;br&gt;accidents. In every other respect Mr. D. had ridden out and ridden &lt;br&gt;in like an ordinary sight-seer. Tom reported him to me as having &lt;br&gt;dismounted at the hotel about two. At half-past I locked my office &lt;br&gt;door, nailed a card under the knocker with &amp;quot;not at home till to- &lt;br&gt;morrow&amp;quot; written on it, and retired to a friend&amp;#39;s house a mile or so &lt;br&gt;out of the town for the rest of the day. &lt;br&gt;   Mr. Davager, I have been since given to understand, left the Gat- &lt;br&gt;liffe Arms that same night with his best clothes on his back, and &lt;br&gt;with all the valuable contents of his dressing-case in his pockets. &lt;br&gt;I am not in a condition to state whether lie ever went through the &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[62] &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;form of asking for his bill or not; but I can positively testify that &lt;br&gt;he never paid it, and that the effects left in his bedroom did not pay &lt;br&gt;it either. When I add to these fragments of evidence that he and I &lt;br&gt;have never met (luckily for me, you will say) since I jockeyed him &lt;br&gt;out of his bank-note, I have about fulfilled my implied contract as &lt;br&gt;maker of a statement with you, sir, as hearer of a statement. Ob- &lt;br&gt;serve the expression, will you ? I said it was a Statement before I &lt;br&gt;began; and I say it&amp;#39;s a Statement now I&amp;#39;ve done.  I defy you to &lt;br&gt;prove it&amp;#39;s a Story ! How are you getting on with my portrait ? &lt;br&gt;I like you very well, Mr. Axtist; but if you have been taking advan- &lt;br&gt;tage of my talking to shirk your work, as sure as you&amp;#39;re alive I&amp;#39;ll &lt;br&gt;split upon you to the Town Council ! &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;   I attended a great many times at my queer sitter&amp;#39;s house before &lt;br&gt;his likeness was completed. To the last he was dissatisfied with &lt;br&gt;the progress I made. &amp;#39;Fortunately for me, the Town Council ap- &lt;br&gt;proved of the portrait when it was done. Mr. Boxsious, however, ob- &lt;br&gt;jected to them as being much too easy to please. He did not dis- &lt;br&gt;pute the fidelity of the likeness, but he asserted that I had not cov- &lt;br&gt;ered the canvas with half paint enough for my money. To this day &lt;br&gt;(for he is still alive), he describes me to all inquiring friends as &lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;The Painter-Man who jockeyed the Town Council.&amp;quot;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>THE DAY IN THE COURT</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/THE+DAY+IN+THE+COURT</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/THE+DAY+IN+THE+COURT</guid><comments>Rename</comments><pubDate>Thu, 22 Feb 2007 21:36:43 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;i&gt;John William Corrington&lt;/i&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;  For a day in thy court is better than a thousand.                 &lt;br&gt;   &amp;ndash;Psalms 84:10                &lt;/div&gt;       &lt;br&gt;When the bass struck, it was like nothing else he had ever experienced. He could not count the fish he had caught in his life. But the way it happened with bass had never gotten old. Each time was a beginning. Even now, he could look forward to rising early, walking down to the old boat dock, moving almost soundlessly out across the mirror-smooth lake to the river. If there was a single thing he would remember from this long-dwindling botch men were pleased to call life, it would be this time, those times that were a single time as the Indians had known, a single fish, a single fisherman in the twilight beyond the death of the last day and before the rising of the next. He did not remember her. Nor did he remember not remembering. &lt;br&gt;     He had lapped his fly line into a pocket of shadow so deep that he had only known the popper was placed because he heard it fall clean and saw the merest reflection of the ripples that fanned out from it. He had let it lie, then drawn back a foot or so of the line. It was as if someone had taken a motion picture of the small yellow fly lying twitching on the dark water until the bass hit, and then had edited it, cutting out those frames that showed the fish striking. So that there was only film before and after, but no picture at all of the instant when the fly vanished below the surface in a blur of foamy water. &lt;br&gt;     The line ran a few feet, and he slowed it with the edge of his left hand, not grasping it, only letting the weight of his hand serve as a drag, keeping the fish from going out as rapidly as he might, holding against its downward rush, tiring it, making it spend itself to reach the deep of the river. He watched the line slash the water, away from a patch of hyacinths, then back toward it again. He wants to go for the roots, but he can&amp;rsquo;t find the right place. They&amp;rsquo;re too thick for him. He needs a passage. The fish darted downward, and he towed back on the line, easing it as he felt the pressure slide off to one side and the line move in a broad circle toward the open water. &lt;br&gt;     Once there, it was easy. No gift greater than patience was required. The fish must be a young one. It had gone out into the open water half-way across the river where no maneuvering was possible. It had not headed directly toward the boat in order to slacken the line. Now he could feel the time between surges like the space that measures labor pains. Her first had been her last. Down there, with a small fire in its  &lt;br&gt;[336]   &lt;br&gt;mouth, the fish was tiring. She had tired. Then, almost as suddenly as the bait had disappeared, the pull on the line fell off and he drew the slack in as quickly as he could, touching the automatic reel so that line would not pile up on the gunwale or in the bottom of the bateau. Maybe he&amp;rsquo;s older than I thought. Or a fast learner. Here he comes. &lt;br&gt;     The boat still lay in shadow a dozen yards from the shore. But the first rays of sunlight had begun to cut through the thin cover of trees to the east, to play on the thread of the river. So that when the bass broke water twenty yards from the boat, it leapt into a glory of first light. It twisted and shook its large head, the sun glinting and shimmering on the green-gold scales of its back and sides. As it fell back, he heard that sound as of a distant pistol shot, invisible concomitant of a bass leaping, whether at the end of a line or at an insect or small bird almost escaped. He could not remember when he had first heard it. He did not remember the sound of her sobbing, unable to speak. He did not remember that. &lt;br&gt;     As the bass vanished again, he drew the line in quickly, feeling only last tentative darts this way and that, without plan or direction. He saw the long leader break the water then and pulled the line up beside the boat and reached into the water. He caught the bass by the lower part of its large mouth and lifted it carefully into the air. Once he had hold of the lower jaw and bent it down with the fish&amp;rsquo;s weight, it was paralyzed temporarily. Water drained off it, and its dark, beautiful eyes glinted in the sun. He remembered like a gnomic prayer his father&amp;rsquo;s admonition never to touch a bass with dry hands. It would cause a fungus that would kill the fish if you released it afterward. He did not remember the carmine moisture on her lips, dry final coughing. He lay the fly rod down lengthwise in the boat, and began to work the fly loose. It was caught in the muscle and bone in the upper part of the mouth, and the barb had to be backed out the tear through which it had entered. The muscle had been torn by the fight, and it was easy to inch the hook out. When it was clear, he held the bass up against the distant pattern of sun on the river, its life full and rich in his hands. Then, slowly, as if regretting, he lowered it back into the water and released it. &lt;br&gt;     For a moment, the bass lay still, as if it had no memory of the water. Then, almost as quickly as it had taken the fly, it vanished back down there.       &lt;br&gt;     He paused and shook a cigarette out of the crumpled Picayune pack. He had been smoking for fifty years now. They had become hard to find, even in Louisiana, by the 1960s. He had ordered them since then from a shop on the corner of Royal and Canal in New Orleans. Crashaw swore the Thing had arisen as a result of them. He had paid him no mind. There was another source for that. He had considered time itself, the  &lt;br&gt;[337]   &lt;br&gt;anguish of watching the world sloughed away around him. Friends, customs, buildings, institutions lost. Other things. He did not remember the first time he had seen her. The wonder of. The cigarette smoke was burning his eyes, and he stroked the wine-colored water with his paddle, the slight motion carrying smoke away to dissolve in the shadows. &lt;br&gt;     It was almost full light by then, and far down the river, around the bend toward Madisonville, he could hear a motor. At first it stuttered and choked off. Then it caught on, its pitch changing as it did so. He pushed the bateau a few yards on, skirting a fallen log which had been sinking slowly into the river for years. For some reason, he had always associated the fallen tree with Laocoon, caught in the toils and folds of a serpent, perhaps named time. And, in recent years, with himself as well. He could remember when the tree had fallen, when he had had to draw in his line and set the rod aside in order to paddle around it. No, he thought. I go back before that. I remember before it fell. I can remember when it stood on the bank. It was before the war. Lightning. One night, and then it was dead, and it stayed that way for years. He did not remember telling her they called such a tree a widow?maker, her frown and sharply inhaled breath. When I came back from France, it was down. I asked Dexter. He said it was the late summer of 1943 while I was drinking Watneys bitter and waiting for what was coming. &lt;br&gt;     As the log fell away behind, he thought of Judge Robert Edward L. Blakely, and his last trial. &amp;ndash;Fish or cut bait, boys, the old man told them when they paused too long between questions. &amp;ndash;You know what I got in here isn&amp;rsquo;t going to wait on you. Anyhow, it&amp;rsquo;s getting on to fishing time, and I be damned if I&amp;rsquo;m going to be here when the heat breaks. Call your next witness, counselor. &lt;br&gt;     He blew smoke up into the cool air as the bateau drifted into shadow again. So many courtrooms, so many trials. So many compromises. He checked the long plastic leader of his line. It was still clear of nicks and solidly embedded in the main line. There was a good stretch of water ahead. He had caught many fish there over the years. The river did not curve, but it had cut deeply into the bank, stranding cypresses, which stood alone in the shallow water, providing places for the fish to nest or feed. But the wide lagoon-like place had to be fished carefully. He had to cast long, staying well away from the bank because the water was no more than two or three feet deep across the whole area, and he had learned as a youngster that a boat moving closer than the drop into deep water would clear the place of bass in a moment. It was a challenge to fish it well. &lt;br&gt;     He remembered that they would gather in the judge&amp;rsquo;s office at noon, the lawyers who had practiced with him and before him over half a century. They would bring their lunches and eat with him, some who  &lt;br&gt;[338]   &lt;br&gt;had not carried a brown paper bag since they were children with a sack or a round tobacco can full of cold fried chicken and stale biscuits. They had simply begun to drop in one day, unplanned, undiscussed among one another. To pass the time. &lt;br&gt;     Because the word had gotten out from Dr. Ishmael at the parish hospital. Terminal. Inoperable. Painful. Weeks. At the most, a few months. And their coming to lunch was more than tribute. It was that they wanted to be with him for as long as they could, and being lawyers, doubting all, out of an abundance of caution, they reckoned on no more time than each day provided. They would eat and laugh and drink illegal whiskey, sometimes the very evidence of a moonshiner&amp;rsquo;s recent trial. It would be poured ceremoniously out of mason jars into water tumblers, while someone noted the incredible rate at which cases for the making of illegal whiskey tended to be dismissed in Judge Blakely&amp;rsquo;s court. For lack of evidence. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well, Ed, the judge would say, &amp;ndash;we got to enforce the law. But sometimes we need to retard it a little. If anybody on this sorry wheezing globe should know you can have too much damned law, we should. &lt;br&gt;     They would laugh and tell stories on one another, implying every sin, recalling feverishly the old times, times the young lawyers would never see the like of: when the Old Regulars ran New Orleans as if it were a great lottery set up for their benefit, when Huey was governor, when he threatened to expropriate Standard Oil&amp;ndash;which they knew and he knew he could not do, and yet . . . And when the courthouse clock struck one, they would rise without being bidden. The old man would rise last among them, and lift his tumbler filled to the brim for the third time in an hour. He would hold it aloft and say softly, &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Gentlemen, I give you Robert E. Lee. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;To Lee, the others would respond, and then, downing the balance of their drinks, file out into the cool, dark halls of the courthouse. &lt;br&gt;     He could see them all now, the old and the young, standing in the musty chambers against the backdrop of buckram-bound lawbooks: &lt;i&gt;St. Martins Reports&lt;/i&gt;, the &lt;i&gt;Louisiana Annual&lt;/i&gt;, the &lt;i&gt;Southern Reporter&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Orleans Appeals&lt;/i&gt;, the &lt;i&gt;Annotated Civil Code&lt;/i&gt;, copies of Planiol and the &lt;i&gt;Code Napol&amp;eacute;on&lt;/i&gt;, of Pothier and Laurent, and all the other written instruments by which they lived together. He could see them in his mind&amp;rsquo;s eye, thirty-eight years gone now, the old long dead, the young old, standing as if in one of the engravings of the Mermaid Tavern, the &lt;i&gt;Signing of the Declaration&lt;/i&gt;, or the &lt;i&gt;Solvay Conference of 1913&lt;/i&gt;. His friends and brothers, the root and branch of his life. Yet not the flower because he would not see her, head thrown back, laughing, rain falling through sun, scintillating against the windowpane in that shotgun cottage where. &lt;br&gt;[339]      &lt;br&gt;He had heaved up the motor and was paddling with his left hand, sometimes cross-paddling to hold the bateau close enough but not too close. Now he was casting the line in long graceful whorls that arched across the sky from the thread of the river behind into the lagoon ahead, barely missing the outstretched branches of the cypresses, falling soundlessly in the water, placing the yellow bug with its white rubber legs little more than six or eight inches from his target fifty or sixty feet away. &lt;br&gt;     The sun was high now, almost midway above the river. The windless surface of the river was scattered with darts of light. Even so, there were shadowed places, bunched groves of cypress, oak, and gum growing in the water or thickly clustered along the bank, where the water ran dark even at noon. By now, the big fish had gone down, but there was always that odd one who swam his own way, kept his own hours. Ordinarily, fishermen went in about now, ate and lounged and waited for the heat to break, for the fish to rise and feed again. &lt;br&gt;     I don&amp;rsquo;t have that kind of time, he thought. What with the Thing working around the clock. Anyhow, I never did go in. I never did want that statistical fish. I wanted my own fish, and that crazy bastard just might sleep all night, get up at noon, work until three, and go down again. That&amp;rsquo;s the one I wanted to see. &lt;br&gt;     He smiled, thinking that he had probably put almost as many fish back into this river as he had taken from it. He took only what he could eat. He never gave fish away, and he never stored them in a freezer. When he ate them, they were caught to order. He did not remember her, arms wet with cooking oil, yellow with cornmeal, saying. &lt;br&gt;     The end of the lagoon lay ahead, where the bank came back out, and the shallows measured no more than three or four yards. He had really not expected anything of it today. The sun was too high, and the water was too shallow. But sometimes, the younger bass, less affected by the heat, would move in there to feed, safe from jackfish and gar. They would hit the bait like giants. He loved to see them shake and twist, dancing on the sunny water. It occurred to him that these green?golden fishes had meant as much to his life as the course of the law. But even as he thought it, he laughed aloud. Because bass were as much a part of the law as he was, as were the courts in which he had passed his life, the attorneys with whom he had lived it out. The law is &lt;i&gt;lex&lt;/i&gt;. The bass is &lt;i&gt;logos&lt;/i&gt;. She was. He remembered a passage from one of the old Greeks, something about how deep lies the &lt;i&gt;logos&lt;/i&gt;, so deep that no dive could reach it. You could not, deep-diving, find the depth of the soul, though you traveled the whole way down, so profound is its &lt;i&gt;logos&lt;/i&gt;. That was it. And I&amp;rsquo;ll know soon enough about that. There&amp;rsquo;s so little way left to go now. &lt;br&gt;[340]         &lt;br&gt;     The insects were mostly in now. Mosquito hawks, june bugs&amp;ndash;all the mites that drew the fishes upward toward the light. They vanished under leaves, even into cracks in the bark of trees as the sun reached its height. They waited for that strong light to break and then, at dusk, they would begin to sound and feed and flit across the water once more in that cycle that bracketed late March to November. &lt;br&gt;     At the end of the lagoon there was a space where raw soil had broken into the water, rootless, without grass or weeds. When there was a heavy rain, the wash-off flowed there. Then the bass would stand off a little to strike at the food carried to them by the flood. At any other time, there were no fish there, and so he drew in his line in order to move past, back into a clump of trees and marsh grass where frogs bred and the bass stalked like tigers. But the pain hit him then. As if someone had opened a door or raised a window shade, and agony looked in. It was not such a pain as to make a man moan. Rather to make him scream. Except that it had come so often lately that he only bent double in the boat, making it slosh from side to side in the water. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Ahhh, he sobbed, holding to the gunwales. It was a sob because he knew always that the door, the shade was there, knew what lay behind it. He was accustomed to it. He was not used to it. You do not get used to pain that drives directly to what you had once taken for the center of your being and resonates there, thick with death, bright, awful chord steeped in the timbre of ageless loss. Each time it comes, it must unman you. Or take you away. As she lay dying, he had held. &lt;br&gt;     He came to himself and raised up from the bottom of the boat. He took a bottle from his worn denim jacket. He threw down three of the small yellow tablets inside, washing them down with a handful of river water. The plastic bottle had a paper label curled up inside. It said, &amp;ldquo;For Pain. One Tablet Every Four Hours.&amp;rdquo; But even Howard had admitted the absurdity of that. They had sat one evening in his office.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Nothing, Dr. Howard Crashaw had told him. &amp;ndash;Not a goddamned thing to be done. Oat-cell carcinoma. God couldn&amp;rsquo;t cure it . . . No, that&amp;rsquo;s wrong. That&amp;rsquo;s a stupid medical technician&amp;rsquo;s claim. We can&amp;rsquo;t do anything. It&amp;rsquo;s too fast. By the time there&amp;rsquo;s enough to biopsy, it&amp;rsquo;s off and running. Maybe it&amp;rsquo;s the cost of what we do, what we are. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right, he remembered saying. &amp;ndash;How do we handle it? This is the age of dope, isn&amp;rsquo;t it? Should I just take some kind of consciousness-expanding thing and go out till it happens . . . ?    &lt;br&gt;     Howard had been astonished by the question. As if he had not been supposed to know about such things. Howard was a good doctor, and he shrank from what he did not know. He understood Howard&amp;rsquo;s feelings. He was going to die, and soon. But Howard would live after. And what was now a mystery would, one day before long, become elementary. And  &lt;br&gt;[341]   &lt;br&gt;Howard would think of him, and the vast parade of others who had gone before because he, Howard, could not then grasp what any intern could explain now. &lt;br&gt;     He sat back in the boat smiling. The drug took effect almost at once. When he took three of them together, they did very well. You tended to wonder what trivial pain might be dealt with by one of them. There was a peculiar side effect he had hated at first that was still the prime reason he did not simply keep enough of the stuff in his system to stave off the pain altogether. It seemed to him that when he had taken enough of the pills, he could feel the Thing in him, working, moving from cell to cell, breaking loose in bits and flowing in the pressured stream of his blood to some new location to commence working again. Under the spell of the narcotic, it seemed he had an occupant rather than a disease, something dredging, probing inside him, seeking some sort of truth, which it could not find because he would not remember, destroying, rejecting the rest. &lt;br&gt;     It was absurd, and he had come to look at the whole thing as a metaphysical conceit fostered by the drug. Still, to sense the Thing working eased nothing. He closed his eyes and breathed deeply then. He smelled the rich deepness of the water, amalgam of decay and generation, death and birth, fallen leaves and rotten logs. He picked up his rod and pulled in the rest of his line and paddled a little further, past the bald place on the bank. &lt;br&gt;     As he did so, he touched the monofilament leader again, running his finger along it. If there were as much as a tiny nick in the line, it would part under pressure at far less than its test weight. You could not see the nicks the line picked up from rubbing over a sunken log or a slight projection of rock or riprap. Sight was useless. You had to touch, to test with your hands. As they had touched. The line was sound, and he let it trail over the side as he stroked farther on. &lt;br&gt;      Past the wash-off, the bank hooked in again. Only here the water was deep because this place was at the bottom of a long slow curve in the river, and took the force of the current when the water was high. The current would try to flow straight, would burrow into this cul-de-sac, and then straighten out and move on down toward the town, farther on toward Lake Pontchartrain. The place was a grove of tall trees that had once been on the bank before the erosion had taken it away and pushed it back. Most of the oaks and gums had died. The willows had retreated to the bank to wave softly above palmettos and scrub. But the cypresses still stood, closed in together, their branches forming a canopy over the whole area. There were even a few quaking, oozy little islands supported by intricate tangles of roots, composed of a little earth, decades&amp;rsquo; deposits of rotten leaves and water plants. But,  &lt;br&gt;[342]   &lt;br&gt;except for shafts of sunlight, which pierced through where the trees were more widely spaced, the whole grove lay in perpetual shadow. Even at high noon, the fish could be seen swirling, striking toward the back where the darkness faded into the bank itself. &lt;br&gt;     He called this place Venus&amp;rsquo;s arbor. He could not. Did not remember. Why? Because this was the hardest place to work on the river. It required great patience. It required knowledge of the water. Because if you moved too quickly, or without knowledge, you might go aground. To get off again, you would have to make noise, and the sound would carry all through the grove. The swirls and strikes would vanish at once, as if nothing had ever been there. She had. With. Him. He had to stifle a laugh of exultation. He did not remember why. The pain was down for a little while, and this was the good place. Where they had come. Away from. Down in the bottom of the boat was a bottle. He picked it up. It was wet from the tiny leakage that covered the bottom of the bateau with perhaps a half-inch of water. A famous first, he thought, studying the dripping label. Old Overholt. Good solid rye whiskey. The best. Never mind the young lawyers with their light Scotch, their Black Jack and Wild Turkey. No, this was of old. He remembered how they had customarily gone over to the little restaurant across from the Gretna Courthouse after a trial, the winner buying the loser as much whiskey as he could drink, then paying for the cab home, or taking him there yourself. Takes nothing from winning, Judge Blakely had used to say, and makes a man consider losing as no worse than second place. They always drank rye, chasing it with Jax beer. During one bone-wracking murder trial, a terrible case that stretched out over the better part of a month, he and an assistant district attorney, despising the trial and everything related to it, preempted the usual custom and spent one long afternoon recess drinking together, handicapping the jury, betting on who would be foreman. Afterward, they had gone back to court plain drunk, spared lasting ignominy only by the fact that Judge Blakely had come looking for them to discuss a motion, and had stayed to have a few himself. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Counsel will approach the bench, Judge Blakely had directed when they had gotten back into court, weaving, hardly able to find counsel&amp;rsquo;s table. &lt;br&gt;     The judge had leaned forward, waving away the reporter. &amp;ndash;Boys, I&amp;rsquo;d entertain a motion for recess until tomorrow, he said without a trace of expression. &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t know about you, but I can&amp;rsquo;t count the damned jury. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What jury? the assistant district attorney asked, squinting. &lt;br&gt;      Then the three of them&amp;ndash;bone-tired, sick of the trial, seeing no possibility of justice in it where killer and victim had together, over the  &lt;br&gt;[343]   &lt;br&gt;years, constructed the bloody denouement&amp;ndash;had gone back and drunk some more. And she had. Waiting afterward. So tired, but. &lt;br&gt;     Now he was looking at the bottle again, paused beside a huge cypress. He had never taken a drink of hard liquor before when he was fishing. A little beer, perhaps. But not whiskey. No one who knew what he was about drank out on the water. The river was as beautiful as anything God had placed on the earth. But its logos was hard. It allowed no errors. A hand in the wrong place meant a cottonmouth bite. To reach up into a tree for a snagged bait without parting the branches first meant a hornet&amp;rsquo;s nest would empty itself on you. Men died on the river every season because they were foolish or headstrong. Or because they drank. Drinking cost you the edge, and nobody could afford to lose the edge. Because no one knew the river. They only guessed. They surmised. Once he had run full tilt into a massive floating log and ripped out the bottom of his boat where no log had been ten minutes before. They knew this much: a barometer below thirty, an east wind, a recent bad rain, and there would be no luck. Most especially the east wind. God knew why. But why the Thing? God knows. &lt;br&gt;     He opened the quart of whiskey, thinking: the first time in fifty years that he had ever so much as carried a bottle in his boat. His father had been death on it. He himself had lost an uncle to it. The river has rules, like the rules of court. Only more rigorous. And the people who live in such a water-riven state all know the rules. His housekeeper had looked at him strangely this morning when he put the bottle into the tackle box. &amp;ndash;Well, what about that, Mr. Sentell? I never seen you . . . If she was here . . . &lt;br&gt;     He could not remember the rest of that sentence, and he opened the bottle quickly and drank deep. At this age it was good to break the rules. Because the rules were for the young. To preserve them for something else. He was beyond that. Time makes poets of us all. He grinned broadly. Now he could write his name in water. Or good rye whiskey. Deep-diving into time itself. Half a century is enough to hold to the rules. Most of his friends who had held to the rules until the last day were nonetheless dead. He thought, if I had a billion dollars, I couldn&amp;rsquo;t reconstruct that scene, that picture with us all drinking in Judge Blakely&amp;rsquo;s chambers. Lord, he thought, we&amp;rsquo;re all commorientes. Every dying is contemporaneous with every other. Tulane Law. Class of 1929. How many were left? He could see them all, strong, arrogant, assured, with an old city, a state awaiting their coming to the bar. But wait, he remembered thinking even then, his father and mother smiling, proud, blessing him for realizing in his own success the continuation of their hopes. &lt;br&gt;       [344]   &lt;br&gt;     But wait. What about twenty, thirty, fifty years on? Her eyes sparkling, her kiss. Which he did not. Remember? &lt;br&gt;     He took another drink and turned the boat ever so slightly so that it would point into the grove. Then he quickly back-paddled. No, he thought. Not now. I don&amp;rsquo;t feel like it. There was a dry place, a place raised at the back of the grove, and there they had promised. No, I&amp;rsquo;ll come back here later. When the sun is down. That&amp;rsquo;s the best. &lt;br&gt;     He moved on toward the mouth of a cut that led to the country club marina. It was wide and deep, cut back into the bank on a perpendicular. There was little growth down at the edge of the water, but there was a myriad of broken stumps and half-sunken logs. The fish there were mostly small, but the feed was good, and sometimes the large bass would move in there, eating small bream and goggle-eye. He knew of a corner where the white bass tended to swim and feed. They were no good for a fight, but they made better eating than anything besides the bream. &lt;br&gt;     He felt the Thing rising again, that feeling of probing, as if pain were a conscious entity looking for a place to break through, to reduce him to a moaning cringing body full of tubes on a hospital bed. Howard had said: &amp;ndash;When it gets bad enough, you&amp;rsquo;ll have to give in. Nobody can take the last of it. We can make you comfortable. We can goddamned sure do that . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Howard had turned away, and he had thought there were tears in his eyes. He was touched. He had not thought that the young doctor had liked him so much. Come on, Howard, you know better than that. I&amp;rsquo;ve been an uncomfortable man all my life. I&amp;rsquo;ll just keep coming back for more and more dope, and you&amp;rsquo;ll give it to me, pusher for superannuated lawyers. &lt;br&gt;     They had laughed and had some drinks. And when they had drunk enough, Howard told him he should find another doctor, that he was no good. Howard said that he had tried, but he was no damned good because he couldn&amp;rsquo;t even master the very first thing about being a physician, which is to see your patients as problems to be solved, equations to be rebalanced. Howard had cried outright then, saying that he had never lost a patient without losing some of himself, that the worst was children, but that it was all terrible, and that he was going to give it up and take what money he had and buy a fishing camp somewhere or go back to divinity school and become an Episcopalian minister. Then, drunk as a barroom cricket, Howard had mentioned another patient. They both had known. He had spoken of her with love, had said how. Her last. &lt;br&gt;      He could not remember that. He took another pull on the bottle and remembered his freshman year in law school. He had done the Civil  &lt;br&gt;[345]   &lt;br&gt;Law, but that year he had been reading poetry. Oh my God, I haven&amp;rsquo;t thought of poetry in forty years. There had been a girl, he could not. Remember her name? He had written a poem for. Someone. The silliest possible thing. Writing. A poem. Suddenly he could even remember the name of one. He had written. Someone. Several poems. One had been Viajera. Voyager. That same time, he had worked on a law review article. &amp;ldquo;The Civilian Law of Lease.&amp;rdquo; Not poetry at all. &lt;br&gt;     He found himself almost past the cut then and had to paddle backward to keep the current from driving him so far that he might have to lower the motor to get back. He could no longer paddle against the current in the river. That had bemused him. He could remember paddling six or seven miles against the current years ago. It had been easy. But not now. &lt;br&gt;     With a few good strokes he left the river and entered the smooth water of the cut, past the roots and dead branches that lined the entrance. Perhaps twenty yards in, another cut went to the left. The cuts made a box, one branch, the one he was on, running back to the country?club docks, the other, the one to the left, turning back upon itself. In the middle was a raised section of land with a ten-foot levee around it. In there was a sludge pool which served as a giant septic tank for the tract of houses around the country club. Without plan, fish eggs had gotten into the ten- or twelve-acre pond, and the catfish especially had grown immense on the influx of human waste. None of the inhabitants, mostly Yankees, would fish there. Local people, unconcerned about the fishes&amp;rsquo; diet, came frequently to catch enormous catfish, fat and tasty. &lt;br&gt;     He leaned back against the canvas seat he had bought. It was the first support he had ever had. A compromise with the Thing. The boat rode now, tideless, almost unmoving, its only momentum that of his last thrust with the paddle. He sipped some rye and studied the place. The sun had just barely started down, and the air, warm before, had almost imperceptibly begun to cool. He had forgotten his watch, but it must be close to two. Things hurried in November. They had met. In November, the warmth faded, and twilight was brief. But it didn&amp;rsquo;t matter. The whiskey provided all the warmth he could need. The pain was still seeking a way up, but it had not found it, not yet. In a little while, he would take some more pills. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Now be careful. This is a morphine counterfeit, Howard had told him. &amp;ndash;Only it&amp;rsquo;s at least a factor of five more potent. I mean, this stuff is terrific. No matter how bad . . . it gets, no more than two every two hours. Even that&amp;rsquo;s dangerous. And nothing to drink. I mean, nothing. You could . . . &lt;br&gt;       [346]   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Die? he had finished the sentence. &amp;ndash;Hell, that would be a loss. Cut off in his prime . . . Shit, Howard . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Now he had to choose. Up ahead, along the way to the docks and slips, there was good fishing on both sides. Once, during a light spring shower, he had had seventeen strikes in twenty casts and had boated fifteen bass and bream just right for frying. It happened like that sometimes. But that was the straight way. It was where the smart fisherman went when things were right. To the left, the cut was narrower, closer, with willows and even a few cedars growing out over the water, and the better part of thirty years&amp;rsquo; rubble accumulated along the banks and in the water. It was very nearly impossible to use a fly rod in there because there was no back room, no space in which to let the line arch before you sent it forward toward its target. Almost no one fished that cut. It wasn&amp;rsquo;t worth the trouble. The few who tried it always used a spinning rig. He let the bateau coast for an instant more. Then, with an almost demonic thrust, he dragged it into the left cut. &lt;br&gt;     Things were even more quiet there. The slight wind that had cooled him during high sun died, deflected by the shield of trees that rose suddenly and solidly along the bank there. And he remembered the poem. &lt;br&gt;      &lt;br&gt;     Voyager, we have caught a maze of  &lt;br&gt;     dainty starlings spearing sun  &lt;br&gt;     from out eyes&amp;rsquo; corners as we marched  &lt;br&gt;     heads down and hearts askew. &lt;br&gt;      &lt;br&gt;     And voyager, we have marked each feathered &lt;br&gt;     renascence, bold matter skipping mad  &lt;br&gt;     through quaint informal jays, secret  &lt;br&gt;     journeys deadly swift performed by  &lt;br&gt;     marble hawks. &lt;br&gt;      &lt;br&gt;     No wonder, earthbound, each of us must  &lt;br&gt;     fret and string the long hot silent  &lt;br&gt;     busy afternoon into fluttering dusk,  &lt;br&gt;     a hope for music.  &lt;br&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;     Our souls have made &lt;br&gt;     poor matches; we are  &lt;br&gt;     darkling,  &lt;br&gt;     and the hollow of our  &lt;br&gt;     bones is filled with  &lt;br&gt;     dust.&lt;/blockquote&gt;[347]   &lt;blockquote&gt;Shall the shape of morning, voyager, be  &lt;br&gt;    that of delectable sparrows spangling  &lt;br&gt;    your ears, dancing crystal figures  &lt;br&gt;    in the shrill delightful air,      or will you hasten with us into profitable day,      and limp by noon?&lt;/blockquote&gt;        His eyes were closed as he remembered. Jesus Christ. Did I do that? Did I really? I guess I. Saw the love. When she had finished. Reading the shoreline, he began to reel out a short length of line. If you could handle a fly rod properly, you could do without the back space. All you needed was room enough to roll the line. You laid out a length, and kept your rod low, forcing the line into a circle, so that as it moved, the end would land almost as accurately as if you had cast in the ordinary manner. &lt;br&gt;     Then he saw on the bank, among cypress, willow, and gum, a single camphor tree. He gave the bateau a push and let it come into the bank. He reached up and drew down a handful of the leaves and pulled them off, crushing them in his hand as he did so. He closed his eyes and breathed deep, the pungent sharp odor of camphor filling his nostrils, almost a call back to the world. He felt tears spring up in his eyes. Nothing to do with anything. What? The hidden unconscious anguish of the body about to be parted from those things that moved it. Yes, only that. What he had wanted to say in the poem almost forty years ago. To Someone. That there was a part of him not bound to the law, or a child of rules and procedure. A part bound only by the bright sky and the deep water, the spring grass and the acrid odor of leaves burning in the fall. What she had found and loved as much as. He hated the interruption, but the pain had found its way through, patiently, with a wealth of time in which to search. He shrugged, reached for the plastic bottle of pills, threw down another three&amp;ndash;or was it four&amp;ndash;and then washed them down with a shot of rye. &lt;br&gt;     He held the bottle in his right hand and paddled with his left. He moved quickly into the overcast of the cut and began rolling his line. Almost immediately, he felt a touch on the yellow bait he could barely see in the shadows. He drew back and cast again. Nothing. And again. This time, the initial tug sustained itself, and he drew the rod upward, dodging the overhanging branches, pulling in line with his left, touching the automatic reel with the small finger of his right hand as he did so. The bottle was getting in his way. He was about to gather rod and line into his left hand in order to cap the bottle when the pressure on the line suddenly faded. &lt;br&gt;       [348]   &lt;br&gt;     A goggle-eye, he thought. That&amp;rsquo;s the way they always act. You get a solid hit, a short run. Then they fall off. They&amp;rsquo;ve got no fight in them. There was no reason to worry about the bottle. He could handle the goggle-eye still holding the bottle in his hand. You simply had to reel them in quickly, because if they managed to get some slack on the line, they might slip away. As he drew the line short, he saw the fish. Perhaps ten or twelve inches long, fat. A goggle-eye. He boated the fish which hardly struggled as he freed it from the hook. Then he pushed off with his paddle, and began to coast slowly down the slip again. He rolled the line up under the low-hanging branches. Suddenly, up ahead, in the thread of the stream, there was a roiling in the water. Perhaps fifty or sixty yards away. He smiled as he saw the shovel-head of an alligator moving toward the far bank. Even as his boat moved toward it, it paid him no mind. When it had reached the shore, it crawled from the water slowly, moving up the bank foot by foot. He watched it move. Water streamed down its sides. From where he sat, he could see the alligator&amp;rsquo;s head in profile. The corner of its mouth seemed curled upward, as if it were grinning. As if to recall old mortality and the long dying fall of those who, long ago, had crawled up onto the shore never to return. &lt;br&gt;     It was then that the pain surprised him, breaking through without the least warning. For the smallest portion of a second, he lost himself and thought. Of her. He concentrated on the pain, the richness, the texture of it as it moved across his chest, into his abdomen. Metastasis. Movement. The Thing was like a concerto within him, moving, surging, finding its own path from one place to another. He could not stand its rhythm, strumming across his wasted ribs, up into his throat. Almost remembering. Something more powerful, more awful than the pain threatened to break through. Dark hair, dark eyes. Dark water splashed as he shivered in the boat. He took two more pills, wondering if, on account of them, he might pass out. He had learned, to his surprise, that he had an incredible resistance to narcotics. Even Howard had admitted it one day when they had gone out for a few drinks. He had taken six pills in an hour. While he drank. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;An ordinary man would be . . . out. I mean, what the hell is with you, Bob? &lt;br&gt;     He had smiled, leaned across the table, one eyebrow raised. &amp;ndash;You are not dealing with an ordinary man, doctor. You are dealing with . . . Cancer Man. . . . &lt;br&gt;      The words had hardly been out before he realized that they were wrong. He did not need to see Howard&amp;rsquo;s stricken face. He knew. There are things you cannot play with, even if they belong to you. He and Howard had never gone drinking again. It seemed ironic to discover  &lt;br&gt;[349]   &lt;br&gt;when you are nearly seventy years old that you have not yet learned all the rules. &lt;br&gt;     He cast again quickly, and another goggle-eye took the bait. He brought the fish in slowly, detached it from the hook, and stored it with the other in the bait well. He was casting rapidly now, hardly concerned where the bait might fall. That night. In Houston back from Austin, where they had spent their first night. Together with the descending sun, there was a rising breeze. Now he began to feel that it was deep autumn. The bug lighted beside a great sodden stump. He could not remember how long the stump had been there. He thought perhaps before his time. Because the broken tree that had once stood above it had surely vanished before he could remember. The memory of man runneth not to the contrary. Then, almost as quickly as the bug hit the water, it vanished. For a second, he wondered if possibly it had broken off the line. But then he felt a sudden and powerful downward tug and jerked back on the line quickly to set the hook. This could be the one. Every time he had walked into the courtroom and set down his briefcase he had thought, this could be the one. But none had been. That Great Case had never materialized. There had been many that brought him wealth. There had been some that had even become benchmarks in jurisprudence. But not that one, the one that carried to the horizon, that changed what was to what would be. No, in his life, only she. &lt;br&gt;     He frowned and held the line close. Not tight. Close. The distinction was elementary. It was the difference between a trust that something large and worthwhile was on the line, and the certainty that a small fish had hit that was worth no more time than might be required to draw him up and free him from the hook. Almost any fish might punch the line in that initial burst. Especially goggle-eye. They would hit hard and run well, and then suddenly collapse. But if the pressure of that first surge should continue, even grow stronger, what then? If you had not taken the first drive seriously, most often you lost the fish that pushed onward. Because the hook was not set. Because you had doubted, had assumed wrongly. But if you held closely at the first, you could manage things. To hold tightly was to lose the line to that fish that you had doubted. &lt;br&gt;      The line cut sharply out from his left, from under the trees across the bow of the boat. He had to lean forward quickly with his body to make up for the slowness of his response with the line and the rod, to keep the line from fouling under the boat. This isn&amp;rsquo;t a goggle-eye. It isn&amp;rsquo;t a small bass, he thought. This is something else like. Their first kiss. The Cotton Bowl. Oh dearest, I think I&amp;rsquo;m in love with. You come to sense the extraordinary when your hands and mind have spent enough time at a craft. He remembered that time. It boiled down to the final  &lt;br&gt;[350]   &lt;br&gt;argument to the jury. His plaintiff crippled horribly. A cruel defense. The assumption of risk. Ladies and gentlemen. You are Art Clifford. And this is what you did. Did you assume that risk? Given that life, that experience, did you suppose things would go that way? Because if Art assumed the risk, we all do. Is this one of those risks we assume? It was dark and late. He was utterly alone in his victory, opposing counsel youthful, angry at his loss, refusing to go for drinks. He had had a few by himself. She had come, her face expectant. Yes, my love. One of the Great Days. Oh, sweetheart, let&amp;rsquo;s go and try. Try to think about this moment. This fish. Love? You can&amp;rsquo;t mean it. &lt;br&gt;     He could not tell yet what he had on the line. Maybe he had foul-hooked a good two-pound bass. A fish hooked in the gills or along the back as it plunged at the bait seemed much larger than one fairhooked. He let the line run through his fingers as slowly as he might. Every pound of resistance tired the fish a little more. You resist as much as you can. Once a federal judge had thrown a pencil at him in anger. He had been very young, uncertain of what he was about. Oh Lord, instruct thy servant. The line ran through his fingers, and he began to feel the friction. Oh, my dearest, it doesn&amp;rsquo;t end. It is always there like an anthem. Did Beethoven do a tenth symphony, Ode to Pain? The weight on the line became greater and greater. It pulled on his matchstick. arms and began to pull the bow of the bateau slowly back in the direction from which it had come. He let line run, heard it stripping from the fly reel. The line was twenty-pound test. It should hold. &lt;br&gt;     The slow turning of the boat, the whiskey and the drugs made him dizzy. He stroked the water with his sawed-off paddle, holding for a moment rod and line in one hand. It was a risky maneuver, but at the stern of the boat was a nest of roots and broken branches. If the boat became snagged there, the fish could use the weight of the boat to break away. The boat broke clear, and he dropped the paddle into the bottom of the boat, quickly reaching for the loose line with his freed hand. Even as he did so, he could feel the strength of the fish down there. Then, in an instant, the line went dead. Not simply limp, losing its tautness. Dead. He dragged it in with his left hand and the automatic reel pulled it in even more quickly than he could reel, but no matter how much line he could draw in, there was no feeling in it. Dead. &lt;br&gt;     He leaned back in the boat, his back against the canvas seat. Gone. It had to be a good one. Gone. What the hell. That&amp;rsquo;s what it means to come out here, he thought. Then, even as he relaxed, the line went taut again, and more than that, almost burned his hand as it ran out. &lt;br&gt;      Christ, it&amp;rsquo;s still on, he thought. It&amp;rsquo;s fixing to come up now. It&amp;rsquo;s a monster. It might even be a gar. Too much for a bass. It had never been his house, it was what she had wanted. Uptown. He had wanted a place  &lt;br&gt;[351]   &lt;br&gt;on water. Where he could keep in mind the movements of the moon, the pulling of the tide. He had watched her instead. &lt;br&gt;     Then almost fifty yards out, nearly on the other side of the cut, the fish broke water. It did not spring into the air like the two- and three-pounders. It was much too large. Rather it rolled, tossing its enormous head to rid itself of the tiny fly hook which had become embedded in its jaw. It was dark green above, and as it rolled out beyond the shadowy trees, he could see the off?white glint of its belly. It had to weigh over fifteen pounds. He had seen ten and twelve?pound bass over the years, though he had never caught one even that size. This one was bigger. It rushed at the shore like a torpedo. It actually leaves a wake, he thought. My God, what a fish. &lt;br&gt;     It struck the bank blindly, twisted almost back upon itself, and went down again, headed this time up the cut toward the dogleg to the right, which led to a dead end clogged with brush, fallen logs, and dead branches. The fish couldn&amp;rsquo;t know about that rubble. It was almost a quarter of a mile away, he thought. Then he thought again. Unless it lives in there, under the rubbish. They like that kind of cover. Especially the big ones, the old ones who have lived forever. &lt;br&gt;     The boat moved slowly as the fish dragged against the line. I never knew a fish to fight like this. He&amp;rsquo;s moving an eighty-pound boat with a two-hundred-pound&amp;ndash;no, a hundred- and thirty-pound man in it. His eyes clouded, and the pain burned up and through like a tiny sun in nova. He almost dropped the rod, but habit made him grip it and the line in one hand. He reached once more for the pills and washed two down with whiskey. Then he sat waiting for the Thing to be pressed down again, the flame of pain quenched for a little while. &lt;br&gt;     Now the bateau was at rest. He was tired. His head was swimming a little from the drugs and liquor. For the smallest fraction of a moment he wondered if he should try to horse the fish in. Or cut the line. He was very tired. But that was no way to leave things. Her lips had been. Rich and warm, the sun was settling toward the horizon. There would be no more than another hour of light. Probably a good deal less. He would catch the fish. There was no reason now to preserve his strength. He looked down at his wasted arms where the sleeves of the jacket had been pulled back as he worked the rod. He could see the outline of his thigh bones sharp against the cloth of his work pants. &lt;br&gt;     Then the line rose and the boat began to move again, taking his mind off what was happening to him. The boat had almost reached the dogleg by now, and he tried to draw in a little line. A cloud passed across the sun, and he noticed for the first time that rain clouds were moving in from the north. &lt;br&gt;       [352]   &lt;br&gt;     Now maybe I really should cut the line, he thought. As he pulled on the line, there was an answering opposite tug from below. War with a submarine. And maybe the fish was stronger now. He could feel the trembling in his arms and legs, in his hands. But the pain had subsided and he was all right now. There was plenty of whiskey left, and he possessed a wilderness of pills. &lt;br&gt;     As the boat turned into the right angle at the dogleg, he heard the first drops of rain begin to fall on the water. It sounded as if someone were dropping kernels of rice onto paper. Rice in her hair, the veil. He raised the canvas seat a little and pulled out his poncho. He pulled it over his head before the rain reached his boat. Down the length of the cut, he could see the pile of broken timber, limbs, branches, and brush that marked the end of the water. If you left your boat and walked overland perhaps ten yards, you found yourself close to the boat docks and slips at the head of the main cut. &lt;br&gt;     The fish did not relax its pressure, and he knew that if it was headed for the brush pile, and if it could reach it, there would be no chance of landing it. It was time to do some horsing. He shook a cigarette out of the crumpled pack, and struck a kitchen match against the side of the boat. He took a long pull on it and began putting more pressure on the line. He was surprised to feel the boat slow. Another pull, and some of the line came in. He touched the automatic retrieve and wound in the excess line before it could get tangled in the boat. The trembling in his arms had stopped, and he leaned forward. The rain was falling softly, regularly, and the clouds had all but effaced the sun. It was going to be dark soon now. &lt;br&gt;     Old brother, he thought as he continued to draw in the line, you don&amp;rsquo;t want to be drawn into the element above, no matter that you&amp;rsquo;re heavy with years and feeling the change of water temperature more all the time. I&amp;rsquo;m hooked, too. They&amp;rsquo;re fishing for me. I have to go. We all do. We can&amp;rsquo;t stay in our element. We&amp;rsquo;re not meant to stay here. They draw us up. &lt;br&gt;     The line eased still more, and he found that he was pulling it in almost as fast as the retrieve could handle it. He felt a tentative probe from the pain, but it was only a distant landscape, uninteresting; pre-sent, but of no moment. Then he saw the fish. &lt;br&gt;      At first he thought it was dead. For a bass it was immense. He had never seen one so large. As he drew it toward the bateau, loglike, twisting and twisting, he wondered if he could pull it aboard even if there was no fight left in it. When he got it alongside, he could tell that it was still alive. The eyes were dark, beautiful and dark as the water. The eyes of a dead bass turn quickly to a bright incongruous gold. It was at least six or eight inches across the back and as he peered down on it,  &lt;br&gt;[353]   &lt;br&gt;he saw its gills moving slowly, fanlike, sweeping the dark water. It wasn&amp;rsquo;t dead. It was simply tired. The bass was very old and had fought itself out. Against great odds. For a long time. In the room with her. Wasted and tired. An old woman now, and. He came to himself still staring at the fish. He could not get his net around it. It looked to weigh close to thirty pounds. But bass don&amp;rsquo;t reach thirty pounds. He did not remember those last hours. She. &lt;br&gt;     He reached down into the water with both hands and caught the big fish by the lower jaw. In a single motion, he lifted it into the air. He held it sparkling aloft, the dying light making of it a great shadow&amp;ndash;fish against the darkening clouds. Then, of a sudden, its weight was oppressive and his arms too weak to support it longer. &lt;br&gt;     He lowered the fish back into the water. Quickly, he leaned over the side of the boat and worked the bait loose. It was easy to do, and he enjoyed the quickness and clarity of his work. You can still do something right, you heap of old diseased rubble, he thought. &lt;br&gt;     Now he fumbled for the rye whiskey without looking for it and took a long drink. Down in the water, the bass lay unmoving. Oh darling let me go. Let me. I only hate to leave. You. Could see the fish revive. Its tail moved suddenly, and it dived deep, its bulk vanishing from his sight in the broken surface of the water where the rain fell. &lt;br&gt;     Then it was dark, and when he came out of the cut, he felt the full force of the wind that always blew along the river, whatever the season. He edged the bateau against the shore at the mouth of the cut, in the cover of a magnolia tree so tall and full that the rain did not penetrate it. Among the leaves at its base, he found some twigs and brush and branches still dry. He piled them up and made a fire. Then he cleaned the goggle?eyes and cooked them in a skillet with cornmeal and grease he had brought. &lt;br&gt;     When he was done, the rain had stopped, the clouds broken, and the sky was clear. The moon was beginning to rise, and it had never looked so large and yellow. He had trouble balancing when he stood up. Hours in the boat makes you lose a sense of the land, he thought. For a little while its very solidity is alien, and the perpetual movement of the water is in your veins. He was very tired now, and the pain had begun to come back, waves against a collapsing shore. Still, when he had cleaned up, he stood awkwardly and pissed into the fire, watching with boyish pleasure as the flames died under his water. &lt;br&gt;      He took up what was left of the fifth of rye and studied it against the rising moon. Then he took a few more of the pills and drank down the rest of the whiskey. The bottle of rye was empty. So was the bottle of pills. Things had come out even. He tossed the bottle toward the sky, watching childlike as it arched across the stars and fell with a soft sound  &lt;br&gt;[354]   &lt;br&gt;into the river. For a moment, as he climbed back into the boat, he felt young and strong again. He left his rod and tackle and the rest of his equipment behind, taking only his paddle. The boat moved out onto the broad plane of the river. &lt;br&gt;     Then he was looking for that certain place again, the grove where he had not fished this afternoon. Where he had not fished for almost nine years. He did not. Would not. Remember why? He saw the inlet canopied by tall cypresses out there ahead of him. Above, the Milky Way arched over him, a path of stars that seemed to plunge to earth within the grove ahead. It was a place where. He paddled slowly, paying no attention to the darkness, seeing Venus glowing in the sky, constant, asking him to remember. &lt;br&gt;     Now the grove arose from the darkness, separated itself from the undifferentiated bulk of the shore&amp;rsquo;s darkness, a configuration of trees and floating plants like no other. At the back, far back from the open water, there was a place. Where the land rose inexplicably and became solid, more than a mass of roots and rotting leaves. Where even on a dark night, the air crisp and chill, one could find. Her eyes had been closed&amp;ndash;I know, she told him, setting sun touching her uncovered breast, &amp;ndash;why this is your favorite place. &lt;br&gt;     He could feel the tears coursing down his cheeks. &amp;ndash;The fishing is good, he said aloud, hearing his words flow in the darkness like the river. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I know, he heard her laugh from beyond the shadows. &lt;br&gt;     He remembered then, and the weight of loss was nothing compared to the memories.    &lt;br&gt;     Crushing out the anguish of losing her had distorted everything else. He felt tears on his cheeks, mourning not so much the losing as the time wasted not remembering. &lt;br&gt;     In the chill night he stood up as the boat left the current and drifted into the utter darkness of the grove. Mist was rising there, whirling across the shattered stumps, skipping between the tranced and silent trees. He was amazed to find that the moon&amp;rsquo;s light penetrated even there and made the still water glisten like a ballroom floor. He stretched out his arms and she was in them, his arms strong and full once more. Out there above the moon, he could see the plane of the galaxy itself, path of heaven, as the boat skewed and turned slowly to the music of night birds and crickets. The Pleiades, a starry court, snared his eyes, whirling, turning, and she, judges, advocates, all the suppliants found at last their &lt;i&gt;logos&lt;/i&gt; and their meaning. &lt;br&gt;      So that when the boat struck a cypress knee there in the quiet pool, he could not quite judge the motion of the distant stars or the touch of the autumn night from that of the dancing tree-crowns, that of the cool  &lt;br&gt;[355]   &lt;br&gt;beloved water that sustained his fall, summation of yearning and pain. A court adjourned, another opening.  &lt;br&gt;[356]&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>DOUBLE BILLING</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/DOUBLE+BILLING</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/DOUBLE+BILLING</guid><pubDate>Mon, 19 Feb 2007 00:25:05 CST</pubDate><description>  &lt;table align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman,Times&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;Cameron Stracher&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;   New York, William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1998 &lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;reprinted by permission of the author&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;    &lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;Discovery&lt;/font&gt;   &amp;quot;Bury them,&amp;quot; says Charlie. &lt;br&gt;     Another day, a new case. I review the twenty-two-page Request &lt;br&gt;for Production of Documents that Charlie has handed me. It appears &lt;br&gt;to be a command from a plaintiff in an antitrust and racketeering &lt;br&gt;lawsuit to produce seventy-eight categories of documents relating to &lt;br&gt;its claim that our client has conspired to artificially inflate the prices   [108]   of automotive parts. Charlie explains that the plaintiff is an auto- &lt;br&gt;maker that believes our client secretly agreed with other manufac- &lt;br&gt;turers of auto parts--its competitors--to raise prices for the parts &lt;br&gt;in violation of the laws meant to foster open competition. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Fifty million door handles,&amp;quot; Charlie continues. &amp;quot;Let them figure &lt;br&gt;it out.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     I nod encouragingly. Perhaps if they figure it out I won&amp;#39;t have to. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;When can you go to Detroit?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Detroit?&amp;quot; I ask dazedly, an animal blinded by headlights. &lt;br&gt;     He flips through a calendar on his crowded and disheveled desk. &lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;Thursday? I&amp;#39;m free on Thursday.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     The traffic will not stop; it rushes right past me, thundering in my &lt;br&gt;ears like cascading water. Am I going to Detroit with Charlie? &lt;br&gt;Squeezed in next to him on an airplane? Thin and airless conver- &lt;br&gt;sation at thirty thousand feet? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;You won&amp;#39;t have to spend the weekend,&amp;quot; he assures me. &amp;quot;We&amp;#39;ll &lt;br&gt;scope it out. Two days, max. You can bring a paralegal back, if you &lt;br&gt;need one.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     The plot thickens like a B-grade horror movie. Two of us are &lt;br&gt;going, but only one of us is coming back. They will find my body &lt;br&gt;beneath a mountain of door handles. Another associate lost in the &lt;br&gt;wild reaches west of the Hudson. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie buzzes his secretary and arranges for two tickets to De- &lt;br&gt;troit, a rental car, and a hotel. Separate rooms, he reminds her. I &lt;br&gt;laugh nervously, avoiding his eyes. I don&amp;#39;t want to learn too much &lt;br&gt;about him. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s a pit, Detroit,&amp;quot; he says. &amp;quot;And the client&amp;#39;s a jerk.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Sounds like fun,&amp;quot; I joke. &lt;br&gt;     He looks at me as if I&amp;#39;ve just praised National Socialism. &amp;quot;Fun?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;he repeats. Could I be that starved for amusement? Perhaps they &lt;br&gt;need to give me more work. Or maybe less work and more mileage. &lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;I remember when I thought traveling was fun,&amp;quot; he says without &lt;br&gt;humor. &lt;br&gt;     And darkness was upon the earth.   *     *     *   [109]        &amp;quot;Detroit,&amp;quot; I say to Julia. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;At least it&amp;#39;s not Des Moines,&amp;quot; she says, and she should know. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Don&amp;#39;t knock Iowa,&amp;quot; says Tom to his wife. &amp;quot;My wife is from &lt;br&gt;Iowa.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;No, I&amp;#39;m not.&amp;quot; Julia says. &amp;quot;Not that Iowa, anyway. I&amp;#39;m from Iowa &lt;br&gt;City. The People&amp;#39;s Republic.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;I thought Cambridge was the People&amp;#39;s Republic,&amp;quot; says Kate. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s the same joke for every college town,&amp;quot; Tom reassures her. &lt;br&gt;     I signal the bartender and order another round of drinks. We are &lt;br&gt;downtown, a happy foursome, while the river, dark and poisonous, &lt;br&gt; coils blackly a hundred feet away. The bartender sports a veritable &lt;br&gt;chain-link fence along one ear; a metal ball glints in his tongue. He &lt;br&gt;delivers my drink with a sneer at my tie. It&amp;#39;s not one of my favorites. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;I don&amp;#39;t know why I feel so lousy,&amp;quot; I say, suddenly feeling lousy. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Detroit,&amp;quot; Julia says succinctly. &lt;br&gt;     I&amp;#39;m about to protest, to tell her I don&amp;#39;t mind a trip, there are &lt;br&gt;worse things than leaving the office for a week, when I understand &lt;br&gt;the metaphor: Detroit, not as city, but as state of mind. Detroit as &lt;br&gt;the place I will return to over and over again in my legal career. &lt;br&gt;Detroit as an option foreclosed. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Next time they&amp;#39;ll send you to San Francisco,&amp;quot; she says. &amp;quot;You&amp;#39;ll &lt;br&gt;be much happier.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     Julia is one of my closest friends but she couldn&amp;#39;t construct a &lt;br&gt;metaphor with the teacher&amp;#39;s manual. For her, San Francisco is, lit- &lt;br&gt;erally, heaven; Des Moines, hell; Detroit, somewhere in between. &lt;br&gt;American cities range across a topography of distinction. For me, &lt;br&gt;the entire country is one big plain on which to practice law. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Do you like your job?&amp;quot; I ask Julia. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Sure. Sometimes. Don&amp;#39;t you?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;m not sure,&amp;quot; I say. Long days, late nights, my labors chewed &lt;br&gt;up arid spit out by senior associates without comment. It&amp;#39;s an ap- &lt;br&gt;prenticeship, to be sure, but so far no one&amp;#39;s taken much time to &lt;br&gt;teach me anything. The work I&amp;#39;ve done feels superfluous: databases &lt;br&gt;that aren&amp;#39;t used, research memos that disappear into someone&amp;#39;s file &lt;br&gt;drawer, briefs that are reconstructed from whole cloth. Hard work   [110]   is one thing, make-work an entirely different matter. &amp;quot;Maybe I&amp;#39;m &lt;br&gt;not cut out for full employment,&amp;quot; I say. &lt;br&gt;     Tom laughs. He has smoker&amp;#39;s teeth, though he doesn&amp;#39;t smoke; &lt;br&gt;thinning, wispy hair; and a drinker&amp;#39;s belly. He is also the only person &lt;br&gt;I know on whom these flaws combine attractively. It helps that he&amp;#39;s &lt;br&gt;tall, with strong features; but mostly, I think, it&amp;#39;s because his physical &lt;br&gt;imperfections grace him with the body of someone who laughs a lot &lt;br&gt;and lives lavishly, which he does. He&amp;#39;s the perfect antidote to Julia&amp;#39;s &lt;br&gt;caution. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Who wants to work?&amp;quot; he asks. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Julia does,&amp;quot; I say. &amp;quot;You do. So does Kate.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;I hate my job,&amp;quot; Kate protests. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Kat, you love it,&amp;quot; I remind her. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;They call me an editorial assistant so they can pay me half of &lt;br&gt;what they pay the secretaries. They think I&amp;#39;m too dumb to notice.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;The only reason I became a journalist is I was too lazy to go to &lt;br&gt;law school,&amp;quot; says Tom. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;That&amp;#39;s not true,&amp;quot; says Julia, rushing to her husband&amp;#39;s defense. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;I signed up for the LSATs and overslept.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;But now you work all the time,&amp;quot; I say. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;See what a stupid decision I made,&amp;quot; says Tom. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;All my roommates went to law school,&amp;quot; says Kate. &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;m the only &lt;br&gt;one without a real career.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Publishing is a career,&amp;quot; I say. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Publishing is dead. Don&amp;#39;t you know that? No one reads anymore. &lt;br&gt;They just buy the movie rights. We&amp;#39;re the minor leagues for Holly- &lt;br&gt;wood studios.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;And all the studios are run by lawyers who hated practicing law,&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;Tom adds. &lt;br&gt;     A sobering silence creeps over the table. &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;m sorry I started this,&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;I say. &amp;quot;Is anybody happy?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Julia,&amp;quot; says Tom. &lt;br&gt;     As one we turn to Julia, her pale face like an echo in the darkened &lt;br&gt;room. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s not a crime,&amp;quot; she says.   [111]        &amp;quot;You&amp;#39;re old-fashioned,&amp;quot; says Tom with the confidence of long &lt;br&gt;acquaintance. &amp;quot;You think people should work for a living. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;I like learning a client s dusmess, Julia says. I like the respon- &lt;br&gt;sibility. I like solving problems.&amp;quot; She takes a long sip from her Tan- &lt;br&gt;queray and tonic, then turns to me. &amp;quot;Isn&amp;#39;t that what it&amp;#39;s all about?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     I tell her about the hours spent preparing the database that was &lt;br&gt;never used, researching case law for invisible memoranda, writing a &lt;br&gt;motion that became fodder for a senior associate. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;You can&amp;#39;t worry about that stuff,&amp;quot; she says, waving a lime wedge. &lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;They&amp;#39;re paying you to do it. Somebody thinks it&amp;#39;s worthwhile.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;But what if it isn&amp;#39;t?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     Julia sets down her drink. This is serious business. I have called &lt;br&gt;her legal being into question. She will not allow herself an existential &lt;br&gt;crisis. &lt;br&gt;     v&amp;quot;You represent a client,&amp;quot; she begins. &amp;quot;The client has been sued. &lt;br&gt;If you think the suit is frivolous you can&amp;#39;t choose not to defend it. &lt;br&gt;Blame the people who brought the lawsuit, or blame the system. But &lt;br&gt;the client needs your help. That&amp;#39;s your job.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     I have had too much to drink. We all have. Julia&amp;#39;s patriotic stir- &lt;br&gt;rings only make me feel morose. Once upon a time she shared a &lt;br&gt;healthy cynicism for big firms. Get their name on your resume, she &lt;br&gt;advised, then take the money and run when you have to. Now she &lt;br&gt;sounds like roots are growing where her feet once were. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;You have an ethical obligation to represent that client zealously,&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;she continues. &amp;quot;If you don&amp;#39;t, you can bet your adversary will. Your &lt;br&gt;client wants to win. That&amp;#39;s the bottom line. Can you look your client &lt;br&gt;in the eye and tell him you did everything you could to win?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Even if you&amp;#39;ve destroyed the rain forest?&amp;quot; Tom asks. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;What is the rain forest? Have you ever seen it? The lawyers on &lt;br&gt;the other side would mow it down to get to you.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     It&amp;#39;s late. I&amp;#39;m tired. I lack the energy to debate ethics and the &lt;br&gt;proper allocation of resources with Julia. The world is a finite place &lt;br&gt;with a limited amount of time for zealousness. Scientists have yet to &lt;br&gt;discover a cure. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Damn the rain forest,&amp;quot; Tom agrees. &amp;quot;Let&amp;#39;s drink.&amp;quot;   [112]        Kate says she&amp;#39;s already drunk. &amp;quot;Somebody should take advantage &lt;br&gt;of me,&amp;quot; she adds. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;That&amp;#39;s what makes America great,&amp;quot; says Tom. &amp;quot;Everyone gets &lt;br&gt;screwed.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Please, save the conspiracy theories for your newspaper bud- &lt;br&gt;dies,&amp;quot; Julia says. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;You&amp;#39;ll see,&amp;quot; says Tom, waving a finger at me. &amp;quot;You become one &lt;br&gt;of them or they kill you.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Thanks, Tom,&amp;quot; I say. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;You&amp;#39;re cut off,&amp;quot; says Julia. She signals the bartender for our &lt;br&gt;check. &lt;br&gt;     Tom protests, but Julia has spoken, and he accepts his fate like a &lt;br&gt;man used to accommodating someone else&amp;#39;s schedule. &lt;br&gt;     We pay our tab. Tom leaves an extravagant tip. The bartender &lt;br&gt;sweeps the loot into a can with the back of a tattooed hand. He &lt;br&gt;does not look at us. &lt;br&gt;     The night air off the Hudson is heavy with the smell of rotting &lt;br&gt;piers and dead fish. Two men in leather chaps breeze past. Julia &lt;br&gt;hugs me while Tom hugs Kate. Then Julia hugs Kate while I hug &lt;br&gt;Tom. We promise to call. We hardly see enough of each other. A &lt;br&gt;ball&amp;#39;s arc across the park and yet we practically live in different cities. &lt;br&gt;We wave good-bye as the lights of their cab blink off into the dis- &lt;br&gt;tance. &lt;br&gt;     Kate and I shuffle up the avenue past the tavern where, Kate &lt;br&gt;points out, Dylan Thomas drank himself to death.   Scott Turow&amp;#39;s shadow looms over any account of Harvard Law &lt;br&gt;School. His book &lt;i&gt;One L&lt;/i&gt; has served two decades of law students, &lt;br&gt;not just at Harvard, as a bible of the first-year law school experience. &lt;br&gt;     It&amp;#39;s time to read another book. &lt;br&gt;     It&amp;#39;s not that Turow&amp;#39;s report from the front lines is inaccurate, but &lt;br&gt;his observations are dated by a generation. The law students I met &lt;br&gt;at Harvard were a much more ambivalent and cynical bunch than &lt;br&gt;Turow&amp;#39;s contemporaries. Turow expressed few misgivings about the &lt;br&gt;wisdom of a career in law. To him, the question was not why go to   [113]   law school (although in the depths of finals he allowed himself some &lt;br&gt;small rumblings), but how to get through it. His book reads like the &lt;br&gt;notes of a hardy, plucky survivor, a boot-camp memoir. Today, law &lt;br&gt;students have nothing but doubts: about the nobility of their chosen &lt;br&gt;profession, about their interest in it, and about its interest in them. &lt;br&gt;It&amp;#39;s no coincidence that so many law students want to write screen- &lt;br&gt;plays or legal thrillers: anything but practice law. Many of them see &lt;br&gt;law as a good background for a career in the entertainment industry; &lt;br&gt;others hope the background will provide a foreground for something &lt;br&gt;else. Few are capitalists. Fewer still are idealists. Almost none want &lt;br&gt;to change the world. &lt;br&gt;     Keep your options open, my parents said. Keep your options &lt;br&gt;open, the career counseling center said. Keep your options open, we &lt;br&gt;told each other. Can you open a door without stepping through it? &lt;br&gt;Once you&amp;#39;ve stepped through, can you really go back? Though I &lt;br&gt;know lawyers who., finally living out their college fantasies, became &lt;br&gt;Broadway lyricists, screenwriters, television producers, writers, and &lt;br&gt;poets, they didn&amp;#39;t go through the door so much as sidestep it. Law &lt;br&gt;was an expensive detour through which they traveled to reach their &lt;br&gt;happy resting place. They could have, and probably should have, &lt;br&gt;avoided law school entirely. As one of them put it, she was meant &lt;br&gt;to have a lawyer, not be one. But they were the exceptions. Most of &lt;br&gt;my classmates, once they went through that door, found it was im- &lt;br&gt;possible to turn around. &lt;br&gt;     For three years I ignored my own doubts. I fit so snugly into an &lt;br&gt;academic routine that I barely breathed. Classes, papers, exams, va- &lt;br&gt;cation. Most of my life had been a variation on these themes. Why &lt;br&gt;shouldn&amp;#39;t I find comfort in the familiar? &lt;br&gt;     Law school was a breezy reincarnation of everything that had &lt;br&gt;come before it, with fewer tests and larger classes where one could &lt;br&gt;dive into anonymity. There was little of the terror described by Tu- &lt;br&gt;row, and certainly nothing like that fictionalized by John Osborn in &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Paper Chase&lt;/i&gt;. Professors were, for the most part, liberal (more &lt;br&gt;liberal, even, than their students) and, with one or two exceptions, &lt;br&gt;benevolent and easygoing. Even the professors who tried to frighten   [114]   us, like the Contracts professor who targeted Julia the first day of &lt;br&gt;class, did so more out of obligation, as if they had read the book &lt;br&gt;and were trying to play the part. We soon saw through their terrorist &lt;br&gt;act. By the middle of the second year, when most of us had jobs &lt;br&gt;lined up for the summer, class attendance dropped dramatically, stu- &lt;br&gt;dents avoided the seating chart by &amp;quot;back-benching&amp;quot; it, and profes- &lt;br&gt;sors pleaded with us to do the reading. &lt;br&gt;     During my last year in law school, I spent Wednesday nights with &lt;br&gt;a revolving group of friends, including Julia and Tom if he was &lt;br&gt;around, whirling through the carousel of Boston&amp;#39;s nightlife to cele- &lt;br&gt;brate the &amp;quot;hump&amp;quot; of the week, &amp;#39;We partied like high school seniors &lt;br&gt;whose final grades had been submitted and college acceptance letters &lt;br&gt;safely tucked in a desk drawer. Julia, her pale hair cut in an asym- &lt;br&gt;metrical bob, drank without a curfew or a cutoff. Tom, after several &lt;br&gt;rounds, might be cajoled into dancing, shuffling awkwardly to an &lt;br&gt;off-key bar band. I slept through so many Thursday morning classes &lt;br&gt;I should have received a tuition rebate. &lt;br&gt;     We were young. The law was benevolent and pure. We didn&amp;#39;t &lt;br&gt;know how our lives would turn out, yet we were sure only good &lt;br&gt;things would happen. &lt;br&gt;     But sometimes, at the end of the night, as I struggled with my &lt;br&gt;blankets and the sounds of Cambridge street life, the thin notes of &lt;br&gt;doubt would drift into my bed. Three more years of school and I &lt;br&gt;was no closer to discovering whether there was water at the bottom &lt;br&gt;of my leap into law. Soon I would be a lawyer, and though I had &lt;br&gt;very little idea of what that involved, I knew it meant the end of a &lt;br&gt;certain kind of freedom and the luxury of an academic life. Playing &lt;br&gt;lawyer during the summer was fun, but I could only guess what the &lt;br&gt;winter would bring. Give it a chance, I heard my parents say, but &lt;br&gt;the nagging notes remained. &lt;br&gt;     I remembered the first days of law school as I struggled to find &lt;br&gt;my classes, to understand the assignments, to overcome my intimi- &lt;br&gt;dation by people like Julia who seemed to have a better grip on the &lt;br&gt;fundamentals. But by Christmas the unfamiliar had become routine, &lt;br&gt;certainly manageable, entertaining at times. And by the end of three   [115]   years I was tired of comfort and ready for change. Tired of a lifetime &lt;br&gt;spent in school. The working world beckoned, financial indepen- &lt;br&gt;dence, a new profession, a regular paycheck, growing up. &lt;br&gt;     I would never know until I tried.   We fly coach. Charlie is upset. He always flies business class, but on &lt;br&gt;this short hop to Detroit coach is the only option. He thumbs angrily &lt;br&gt;through the in-flight magazine while I try to read the newspaper. I &lt;br&gt;offer him a section, but he shrugs it off. At thirty thousand feet he &lt;br&gt;calls his secretary on the airphone to check for messages. Apparently, &lt;br&gt;there are none, because he returns to the advertisements for travel &lt;br&gt;luggage and portable computers. &lt;br&gt;     I lay the business section on the empty seat between us like an &lt;br&gt;invitation. When we checked in, the travel agent had booked us two &lt;br&gt;adjacent seats. Fortunately, the plane was half empty, sparing me the &lt;br&gt;horror of wedging myself next to Charlie&amp;#39;s body. Now the empty &lt;br&gt;seat yawns awkwardly, a reminder that though we are colleagues, we &lt;br&gt;are not friends. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie picks up the newspaper and flips through the market &lt;br&gt;news. &amp;quot;TriCom&amp;#39;s up a quarter,&amp;quot; he notes. &lt;br&gt;     I noticed. Though the TriCom securities case had entered a quiet &lt;br&gt;phase following the loss of our motion to dismiss, the case still lurked &lt;br&gt;omnipresently. The plaintiffs&amp;#39; lawyers were, no doubt, gearing up for &lt;br&gt;the next phase of the litigation. Yet if the company&amp;#39;s software really &lt;br&gt;were flawed, it was interesting that the stock could still rise. Some- &lt;br&gt;body was making money. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;A sucker&amp;#39;s born every minute,&amp;quot; says Charlie. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;You think it&amp;#39;s a scam?&amp;quot; I ask naively. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;They&amp;#39;re clients,&amp;quot; he warns. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Maybe we should settle.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     Charlie looks disdainfully at me. His lip curls and the dried &lt;br&gt;patches of skin along his nose turn white. He explains you can&amp;#39;t toss &lt;br&gt;in the towel every time your client gets sued, even if they&amp;#39;ve done &lt;br&gt;something wrong, which he&amp;#39;s not admitting TriCom did. You have   [116]   to push the parameters, discover the scope of the wrongdoing, let &lt;br&gt;the system determine the appropriate punishment. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Criminal lawyers never ask their clients if they&amp;#39;re guilty,&amp;quot; I offer, &lt;br&gt;one of the few things I remember from my criminal law class. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Exactly,&amp;quot; says Charlie. &amp;quot;That&amp;#39;s not your job.&amp;quot; In a civil lawsuit, &lt;br&gt;he adds, liability is rarely clear. Settlement may be in the client&amp;#39;s best &lt;br&gt;interest, but it may also expose the client to more lawsuits. Until &lt;br&gt;you&amp;#39;ve examined the strength of your case through litigation, and &lt;br&gt;the weakness in theirs, you can&amp;#39;t recommend an appropriate settle- &lt;br&gt;ment. &lt;br&gt;     Though I nod my head in earnest agreement, I wonder if it&amp;#39;s just &lt;br&gt;a happy coincidence that we&amp;#39;re earning six figures while allowing &lt;br&gt;justice to take its long and twisted course. Perhaps if you&amp;#39;re going &lt;br&gt;to be a pawn, it&amp;#39;s better to be an expensive one. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie returns to the paper, signaling the end to our conversation. &lt;br&gt;I am content to stretch my legs into the aisle, count the frequent- &lt;br&gt;flier miles. My first trip on C &amp;amp; C&amp;#39;s dime--or, rather, the client&amp;#39;s &lt;br&gt;dime. I&amp;#39;m happy, also, to be out of the office and away from the &lt;br&gt;endless stream of research memoranda. I am meeting a client, a real, &lt;br&gt;live, actual client, a privilege more frequently reserved for partners &lt;br&gt;and senior associates. I am gathering facts like a collector of trinkets. &lt;br&gt;When I am finished, I will carry them home for the paralegals to &lt;br&gt;display on the shelves. &lt;br&gt;     Detroit is not a metaphor, I think; it&amp;#39;s a real city and I am going &lt;br&gt;to it. I close my eyes and enjoy the ride.   Our client is not in Detroit, but in one of the sprawling suburbs that &lt;br&gt;ring the city. You could drive for miles and never actually meet a &lt;br&gt;person. The entire country spreads toward Los Angeles while Los &lt;br&gt;Angeles itself falls into the sea. Maybe we are already in Los Angeles. &lt;br&gt;But for the weather, who could tell? &lt;br&gt;     Charlie refuses directions, as a result of which I get to see a wide &lt;br&gt;swath of this great land of ours. Strip malls and corporate parks. &lt;br&gt;Apartment complexes and multiplexes. Finally, we arrive at Dekor   [117]   Industries headquarters. Charlie is in a foul mood when we pull up &lt;br&gt;to the bronzed-windowed building with the phallic logo and stern &lt;br&gt;guard in a booth by the gate. The guard takes forever phoning &lt;br&gt;whomever he needs to phone, and when he finally clears us, Charlie &lt;br&gt;is prepared to admit liability on behalf of Dekor, turn around, and &lt;br&gt;go home. &lt;br&gt;     We park in the visitors&amp;#39; lot, not a single foreign-made car in sight. &lt;br&gt;As we walk to the entrance, I catch our reflection in the bronzed &lt;br&gt;windows. We are dressed in nearly identical gray suits, white shirts, &lt;br&gt;and red ties, and carry black briefcases. Though Charlie&amp;#39;s suit is &lt;br&gt;pinstriped and rear-vented, and mine is a ventless Italian cut, I re- &lt;br&gt;alize that few people would make a distinction. To the world at large, &lt;br&gt;we are lawyers. We might as well be wearing uniforms with our &lt;br&gt;names stenciled on the front and &lt;i&gt;Crowley &amp;amp; Cavanaugh&lt;/i&gt; printed on &lt;br&gt;the back. &lt;i&gt;We Defend&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;br&gt;     We sign in at the reception desk, where another guard scrutinizes &lt;br&gt;our handwriting to determine whether we are labor agitators. When &lt;br&gt;he&amp;#39;s satisifed that we are, instead, management tools, he issues us &lt;br&gt;visitors&amp;#39; badges with our names misspelled and barely legible. There &lt;br&gt;is some kind of metal sensor embedded at the top of the card. I &lt;br&gt;imagine myself, like Karen Silkwood, setting off a radiation detector &lt;br&gt;as I try to leave the building and being forced into a scalding shower &lt;br&gt;where the skin is rubbed from my body. Later I will be trailed by a &lt;br&gt;mysterious car and forced from the road off a steep incline, my body &lt;br&gt;burned beyond recognition. &lt;br&gt;     A perky woman in a red suit greets us as we start down a gray &lt;br&gt;corridor. Call her Carrie, she says, as if that were her name. She &lt;br&gt;explains that she is Hamilton Williams&amp;#39;s assistant, the man we&amp;#39;ve &lt;br&gt;come to see, the general counsel and executive vice president. She &lt;br&gt;keeps up a steady chatter as we walk up a flight of stairs and out &lt;br&gt;onto a carpeted hallway. Did we have a good trip? Did we have any &lt;br&gt;trouble at the airport? Do we love Michigan? The walls are lined &lt;br&gt;with posters that urge employees to join the Team, Stay with the &lt;br&gt;Ball, Focus on the Goal. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Coffee, tea, pop?&amp;quot; asks Carrie when she has delivered us into   [118]   Mr. Williams&amp;#39;s waiting room. It takes me a second to realize she&amp;#39;s &lt;br&gt;offering us soda, not marijuana. These days, I think, anything is &lt;br&gt;possible. &lt;br&gt;     Though it&amp;#39;s not yet noon, Charlie asks for a Coke. I choose the &lt;br&gt;mud-flavored coffee. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Charles!&amp;quot; booms Hamilton Williams, I presume, a ruddy man in &lt;br&gt;a steak-colored suit. He strides out of his office like a cavalry officer &lt;br&gt;and pumps Charlie&amp;#39;s arm as if mining for water. Charlie smiles &lt;br&gt;weakly, clearly overwhelmed by Williams&amp;#39;s enthusiasm. I stand awk- &lt;br&gt;wardly beside Charlie, waiting for him to introduce me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Hamilton Williams!&amp;quot; says Hamilton Williams, extending one &lt;br&gt;quarrying hand to me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Hello, Mr. Williams,&amp;quot; I say as I vibrate from his handshake. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Ham, please,&amp;quot; he says. &lt;br&gt;     I&amp;#39;ll be damned if I call anybody &amp;quot;Ham,&amp;quot; but I nod my head as if &lt;br&gt;acknowledging the reasonableness of his request. &lt;br&gt;     Hamilton corrals us into his office. It&amp;#39;s the biggest office I&amp;#39;ve ever &lt;br&gt;seen. If you tossed a football at the opposite wall you could barely &lt;br&gt;reach it. A line of windows opens onto a view of an enormous tin- &lt;br&gt;roofed warehouse. Golf trophies bedeck the counter beneath the &lt;br&gt;windows. Photographs of blond children so perfect that I suspect &lt;br&gt;he&amp;#39;s purchased them ring his nearly empty bookshelves. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie and I sit on a love seat while Hamilton pulls up a chair. &lt;br&gt;He wants to know about New York, C &amp;amp; C, Eric, everything but &lt;br&gt;the case. We chat for about ten minutes until Carrie interrupts him &lt;br&gt;for a phone call. Charlie and I wait awkwardly as he conducts some &lt;br&gt;transaction. Then he apologizes, returns to his chair, and resumes &lt;br&gt;the conversation. After another five minutes Carrie interrupts again, &lt;br&gt;and again he has another extended phone conversation. Each con- &lt;br&gt;versation is polite, jocular, but clearly business. Americans making &lt;br&gt;deals. Each time he returns to his chair, he apologizes and picks up &lt;br&gt;the thread of our conversation exactly where he left off. In this way, &lt;br&gt;we spend our morning in Hamilton Williams&amp;#39;s office, sitting on the &lt;br&gt;love seat, listening to his phone transactions, resuming our conver- &lt;br&gt;sation, until it is time for lunch.   [119]        Carrie has made reservations in the executive dining room. But &lt;br&gt;when we arrive only one other table is occupied and I wonder why &lt;br&gt;she bothered. A headwaiter directs us to our seats while a busboy &lt;br&gt;quickly pours water. The lunchroom is wood paneled and serene, &lt;br&gt;with watercolors of ducks, geese, and other assorted fowl on the &lt;br&gt;walls. The tables are solid oak, the chairs so heavy I can barely budge &lt;br&gt;mine. Despite the atmosphere, Hamilton does not order a martini; &lt;br&gt;he orders a diet Coke. Charlie orders a regular Coke. I consider &lt;br&gt;completing the holy triumvirate of Coca-Cola products by ordering &lt;br&gt;a cherry Coke, but think better of it and stick with water. &lt;br&gt;     We are well into dessert, a frothy concoction that purports to be &lt;br&gt;tiramisu, when the subject of our trip is finally broached. And even &lt;br&gt;then the discussion is waylaid by rounds of hearty handshakes from &lt;br&gt;a trio of executives who enter the dining room just as Charlie clears &lt;br&gt;his throat. They are vice presidents from some division or other, &lt;br&gt;gray men in gray suits, who, when they hear we are lawyers, make &lt;br&gt;the sign of the cross. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;I didn&amp;#39;t do it,&amp;quot; says one. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;He did it,&amp;quot; says another. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie fakes a tense laugh, and I smile as if my face were painted &lt;br&gt;with quick-drying glue. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;What do you call a thousand lawyers at the bottom of the &lt;br&gt;ocean?&amp;quot; asks the third, emboldened by his colleagues&amp;#39; riotous sense &lt;br&gt;of humor.  &lt;br&gt;     We shrug, though I&amp;#39;ve heard the joke before. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;A good start,&amp;quot; he concludes. &lt;br&gt;     More backslapping and hand-pumping ensues until the men fi- &lt;br&gt;nally snort off to their table. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;He didn&amp;#39;t mean it,&amp;quot; says Hamilton solicitously. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;No one does,&amp;quot; says Charlie. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;A smile is your best defense,&amp;quot; Hamilton opines. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie slips the document request out of the thick Redweld he&amp;#39;s &lt;br&gt;been clutching as if it contained the nuclear codes and lays the re- &lt;br&gt;quest on the table. Hamilton glances at the table of vice presidents &lt;br&gt;and motions for Charlie to keep his voice down.   [120] &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;We&amp;#39;re all a little sensitive about this,&amp;quot; he explains. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie says we don&amp;#39;t intend to get into the merits of the allega- &lt;br&gt;tions, or the defense of the case. Right now we&amp;#39;re just gathering &lt;br&gt;documents. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Let&amp;#39;s go back to my office,&amp;quot; says Hamilton. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie grimaces at me, his first visible sign of frustration. I wrap &lt;br&gt;a cookie in a napkin and sneak it into my pocket. Though I under- &lt;br&gt;stand Charlie&amp;#39;s frustration, this is still more fun than sitting in the &lt;br&gt;library. And it&amp;#39;s all billable. &lt;br&gt;     When we&amp;#39;ve safely returned to our love seat, Hamilton invites &lt;br&gt;Carrie into his office so Charlie can explain the nature of our &lt;br&gt;quest. Hamilton hasn&amp;#39;t been ``focused,&amp;quot; he explains; he&amp;#39;s had so &lt;br&gt;many other tasks. Carrie, however, has done a preliminary search &lt;br&gt;for documents and she can point us in the right direction. As he &lt;br&gt;speaks, his eyes drift toward the window and at the enormous &lt;br&gt;warehouse beyond. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie withdraws the document request from his Redweld again &lt;br&gt;and begins to describe the broad categories of documents the plain- &lt;br&gt;tiffs have requested. Carrie pulls out her own version, a copy Charlie &lt;br&gt;faxed Hamilton several weeks ago, that has been highlighted and &lt;br&gt;tabbed. She nods along with Charlie&amp;#39;s descriptions. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie explains that for now we&amp;#39;re gathering everything vaguely &lt;br&gt;responsive. Later we&amp;#39;ll make a determination as to what, exactly, &lt;br&gt;should be turned over and what should be objected to. Essentially, &lt;br&gt;we want to copy every document that has anything to do with eight &lt;br&gt;different auto parts: contracts, invoices, sales agreements, correspon- &lt;br&gt;dence, everything. These are the documents the plaintiff hopes will &lt;br&gt;prove its case that Dekor secretly agreed with its competitors to raise &lt;br&gt;prices of auto parts to an artificially high level. &lt;br&gt;     After about four minutes, Hamilton claps his hands once and &lt;br&gt;turns to Carrie. &amp;quot;If you need anything,&amp;quot; he says, either to Carrie or &lt;br&gt;to us, it&amp;#39;s hard to tell, &amp;quot;give a holler.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     Charlie looks stricken, as if he has been cut down in his prime. I &lt;br&gt;understand that we are being dismissed, but where to and in what &lt;br&gt;direction, no one says.   [121]        &amp;quot;I hope you brought your T-shirts,&amp;quot; says Carrie. &amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s hotter than &lt;br&gt;a piston in that warehouse.&amp;quot;   At Crowley &amp;amp; Cavanaugh it was common practice to bill a client for &lt;br&gt;travel time. When I went to Detroit my &amp;quot;clock&amp;quot; started running the &lt;br&gt;minute I left my apartment. Thus, even though I did not arrive in &lt;br&gt;Hamilton Williams&amp;#39;s office until 10:30, I had already billed four &lt;br&gt;hours on the case. While some clients did not pay for travel time, &lt;br&gt;most did, and in fact C &amp;amp; C expected it as a cost of doing business. &lt;br&gt;C &amp;amp; C also expected the client to pay for business-class travel on &lt;br&gt;flights longer than five hours. Though clients have become more &lt;br&gt;cost-conscious and the market for law firms more competitive, &lt;br&gt;C &amp;amp; C still managed to dictate most terms of its retainer agree- &lt;br&gt;ment. Sometimes C &amp;amp; C would agree to a ten percent discount, or &lt;br&gt;a capped fee, but those situations were unusual. Because of its rep- &lt;br&gt;utation, C &amp;amp; C could still afford a certain arrogance. &lt;br&gt;     From an associate&amp;#39;s perspective, billing for travel is a freebie; not &lt;br&gt;billing for travel, a calamity. If you can bill for travel time, then &lt;br&gt;everything you do, even if it&amp;#39;s only reading the newspaper on the &lt;br&gt;airplane, is chargeable to the client. When I went to Detroit, I billed &lt;br&gt;twelve hours that first day, but only eight of those hours were real &lt;br&gt;work. If you can&amp;#39;t bill for travel, then all your time in a taxi, in &lt;br&gt;traffic, at the airport, on a plane, in transit to your destination is &lt;br&gt;wasted. Instead of billing twelve hours for an eight-hour day, you &lt;br&gt;bill eight hours for a twelve-hour day. Imagine your unhappiness. &lt;br&gt;     C &amp;amp; C also billed for lunch and all casual conversation with a &lt;br&gt;client. After all, who should pay for my time if Hamilton Williams &lt;br&gt;decided to chat my ear off in the executive dining room? Should &lt;br&gt;C &amp;amp; C provide Hamilton with a free escort service? Should I have &lt;br&gt;to work late one Friday night in order to make up the lost hours? I &lt;br&gt;was evaluating what kind of witness Hamilton would make if the &lt;br&gt;case went to trial, I told myself as I filled out my time sheet. Ham- &lt;br&gt;ilton had only himself to blame for the bill. &lt;br&gt;     Thus, my twelve-hour day in Detroit was really a four-hour day, &lt;br&gt;discounting travel, meals, inane conversation. Four hours in which   [122]   Charlie and I roamed the aisles in a gigantic overheated warehouse &lt;br&gt;searching for documents. Four hours that felt like twelve. Four hours &lt;br&gt;that could have been twelve but, mercifully, were not. That&amp;#39;s why I &lt;br&gt;loved travel: the hours were like frequent-flier miles, they accumu- &lt;br&gt;lated while I sat on my ass.   There&amp;#39;s a treadmill in the hotel health club. Who needs metaphor &lt;br&gt;when the real thing stares you in the eye like a medieval torture &lt;br&gt;instrument? It&amp;#39;s too dark to run outside in a strange city where the &lt;br&gt;murder rate makes New York seem like Disneyland. Even in the &lt;br&gt;suburbs children kill each other for sneakers. &lt;br&gt;     I would love to exercise, to walk more than fifty feet from the car &lt;br&gt;to an office to a warehouse to a car. Instead, I have to meet Charlie &lt;br&gt;in the lobby for dinner. I check into my room, where I take a hot &lt;br&gt;shower, using all the ablutions left for me on the bathroom sink: &lt;br&gt;soap, shampoo, conditioner, rinse, body bath, hair gel. Then I put &lt;br&gt;the same clothes back on: same underwear, socks, shirt, suit, and tie, &lt;br&gt;as if I never wore anything else. I shine my shoes with the shoe-mitt &lt;br&gt;hanging in the closet. It is still early, so I take a minute to poke &lt;br&gt;through the pamphlets left near my bedside. Visit Detroit. Excur- &lt;br&gt;sions on the Lake. White Flight from the Urban Core. I am happy &lt;br&gt;in this hotel room: large and luxurious, with a separate alcove con- &lt;br&gt;taining a desk, chairs, fax machine, and two telephones. Everything &lt;br&gt;a lawyer could want for an extended visit. I leave all the lights burn- &lt;br&gt;ing and head downstairs. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie reads a magazine in the fern-and-wood-chip lobby. He has &lt;br&gt;gotten directions to one of the suburb&amp;#39;s finest dining establishments. &lt;br&gt;We retrieve the rental car from an underground attendant and drive &lt;br&gt;silently past buildings with numbers in the tens of thousands. Have &lt;br&gt;we traveled that far from the center or are the addresses an illusion &lt;br&gt;of distance, two zeros added for comfort? &lt;br&gt;     We pull into a shopping mall. The usual stores greet us. The bland &lt;br&gt;homogeneity of America like pasteurization: a forced removal of for- &lt;br&gt;eign objects. The restaurant turns out to have been recently reviewed &lt;br&gt;by &lt;i&gt;The New York Times&lt;/i&gt;, which makes Charlie happy, and he spends   [123]   a good twenty minutes scrutinizing the menu before settling back to &lt;br&gt;order dinner and a Coke, his sixth or eighth of the day. &lt;br&gt;     Sitting there, listening to Charlie praise the food and criticize &lt;br&gt;Hamilton Williams, I wish I were eating a sandwich in my hotel bed &lt;br&gt;rather than making forced conversation with a co-worker. The &lt;br&gt;thought of room service, an old movie on television, a drink from &lt;br&gt;the mini-bar, telephone calls to long-distant friends, seems much &lt;br&gt;more appealing than the finest dining experience the Detroit suburbs &lt;br&gt;have to offer. Who is this man? I wonder. Why are we forced to &lt;br&gt;socialize? We break bread, raise our glasses, and I don&amp;#39;t even like &lt;br&gt;him. I share the large majority of my meals with strangers, a charter &lt;br&gt;member of C &amp;amp; C&amp;#39;s breakfast, lunch, and dinner club. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie&amp;#39;s face is flushed. He speaks about law like a man enrap- &lt;br&gt;tured. He tells me his theory of this case, how the laws against rack- &lt;br&gt;eteering are being perverted by civil plaintiffs seeking treble &lt;br&gt;damages. There&amp;#39;s a difference between organized-crime activity and &lt;br&gt;price-fixing, he insists. Besides, sharing information about prices is &lt;br&gt;smart business, not an antitrust violation. I wonder if he has read a &lt;br&gt;book, seen a movie, listened to any good music lately. Is he as un- &lt;br&gt;happy to be with me as I am with him? What if we dispensed with &lt;br&gt;the facade and admitted we&amp;#39;d rather eat takeout alone in our rooms? &lt;br&gt;You&amp;#39;re a bore, I&amp;#39;d say, and you&amp;#39;re nasty; I don&amp;#39;t give a shit about &lt;br&gt;your stupid case or your chances of making partner. I&amp;#39;m going back &lt;br&gt;to my room to watch &lt;i&gt;The African Queen&lt;/i&gt;. And he&amp;#39;d say, I feel the &lt;br&gt;same way. You&amp;#39;re whiny and self-involved; I couldn&amp;#39;t care less about &lt;br&gt;your career angst and search for self-fulfillment. Then we&amp;#39;d shake &lt;br&gt;hands and agree that we didn&amp;#39;t like each other and that socializing &lt;br&gt;with co-workers was a dumb idea to begin with. &lt;br&gt;     In this way the world would become a better place.   Under the rules of federal and state procedure, each side in a civil &lt;br&gt;lawsuit is required to turn over information requested by the other &lt;br&gt;side relating to all claims and defenses. The information may consist &lt;br&gt;of documents, or testimony from witnesses, or the bases for certain &lt;br&gt;allegations, or anything else that could &amp;quot;lead to the discovery of   [124]   admissible evidence.&amp;quot; Only on television can lawyers summon a sur- &lt;br&gt;prise witness into the courtroom. In a real trial they would be sanc- &lt;br&gt;tioned for failing to reveal the identity of the witness in the pretrial &lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;discovery&amp;quot; process and the witness would not be permitted to tes- &lt;br&gt;tify. &lt;br&gt;     If only it were that simple! Because, as in any system of rules, the &lt;br&gt;rules are merely the parameters around which lawyers may sneak, &lt;br&gt;manipulate, obfuscate, and delay. With the noble sentiment of &amp;quot;lev- &lt;br&gt;eling the playing field&amp;quot; so that no party has an undue informational &lt;br&gt;advantage, the writers of the discovery rules created a multilevel &lt;br&gt;playing field where the information-rich can kick the information- &lt;br&gt;poor in the head and escape unscathed. &amp;quot;Discovery&amp;quot; is anything but. &lt;br&gt;     For example, if you represent a Very Large Corporation, and you &lt;br&gt;receive a Request for Production of Documents from a plaintiff suing &lt;br&gt;the corporation for antitrust violations, and the request seeks &amp;quot;all &lt;br&gt;documents relating to pricing agreements,&amp;quot; something that could &lt;br&gt;easily lead the plaintiff to admissible evidence if, let&amp;#39;s say, those &lt;br&gt;agreements showed that your client shared information about prices &lt;br&gt;with its competitors in order to monopolize a market, you will do &lt;br&gt;everything within the rules to resist the request. &lt;br&gt;     First, you will write written objections to the request: &lt;i&gt;Overbroad;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;Vague; Not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of ad-&lt;/i&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;missible evidence; Unduly burdensome.&lt;/i&gt; You don&amp;#39;t want this plaintiff  &lt;br&gt;walking around with copies of your client&amp;#39;s sensitive financial information. &lt;br&gt;Second, you will call the attorney for the plaintiff and pretend to be &lt;br&gt;reasonable: your request is too broad, you&amp;#39;ll say, what are you really &lt;br&gt;looking for? The plaintiff&amp;#39;s lawyer, who is information-poor, will tell &lt;br&gt;you he needs everything; he doesn&amp;#39;t want you to make the deter- &lt;br&gt;mination as to what is reasonable. Third, after you&amp;#39;ve failed to reach &lt;br&gt;any accommodation after a long delay, the plaintiff&amp;#39;s attorney will &lt;br&gt;file a motion to compel the production of the documents, which you &lt;br&gt;will oppose. He will accuse you of stonewalling and bad faith; &lt;br&gt;you will accuse him of harassment. The court, after sitting on the &lt;br&gt;motion, will split the baby: some documents for you, some docu- &lt;br&gt;ments for him. Fourth, you will go back to the document request   [125]   and finely parse the language of the request. What is meant by &amp;quot;pric- &lt;br&gt;ing agreements&amp;quot;? Internal agreements? Intrasubsidiary agreements? &lt;br&gt;Agreements reached with the outside world? The court&amp;#39;s first order &lt;br&gt;will always leave you some wiggle room. (You know the documents, &lt;br&gt;after all; the court does not.) You will decide to interpret &amp;quot;pricing &lt;br&gt;agreements&amp;quot; in its narrowest possible sense consistent with the &lt;br&gt;court&amp;#39;s ruling and give the plaintiff only those publicly available doc- &lt;br&gt;uments relating to prices charged for finished goods. The plaintiff&amp;#39;s &lt;br&gt;attorney, if he&amp;#39;s smart enough, will notice your selective omission &lt;br&gt;and will repeat steps two through four above. At some point in this &lt;br&gt;process, the plaintiff will be sold or go into bankruptcy, and the &lt;br&gt;trustee will settle the case for much less than it&amp;#39;s worth. &lt;br&gt;     Or, an alternative scenario: every pricing agreement can&amp;#39;t possibly &lt;br&gt;be admissible evidence (your client makes goods, for example, that &lt;br&gt;the plaintiff never purchased). The plaintiff&amp;#39;s attorney requests all &lt;br&gt;agreements anyway, knowing that the burden placed upon your cli- &lt;br&gt;ent in having to track down all agreements, and the uneasiness of &lt;br&gt;turning every pricing agreement over to this plaintiff, are battle &lt;br&gt;points in a struggle for economic survival. The plaintiff is no David, &lt;br&gt;after all, but an industrial Goliath who uses the weapons of litigation &lt;br&gt;to force your client to reduce its prices. The parties will fight the &lt;br&gt;scope of the discovery request in court, until your client, concerned &lt;br&gt;that it will have to reveal its internal financial data, or beleaguered &lt;br&gt;by the cost of fighting, or both, will capitulate and pay the plaintiff &lt;br&gt;a large sum of money to go away. &lt;br&gt;     The merits of the case--whether, in fact, your client actually fixed &lt;br&gt;prices in violation of the antitrust laws--will never be resolved. &lt;i&gt;The&lt;/i&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;merits will never even be litigated&lt;/i&gt;. Instead, the parties will spend all &lt;br&gt;their time, effort, and dollars litigating the scope and type of infor- &lt;br&gt;mation disclosed in the discovery process. At C &amp;amp; C it would not &lt;br&gt;be an exaggeration to say that eighty percent of all dollars billed on &lt;br&gt;a single case were related to discovery. Hundreds of thousands of &lt;br&gt;dollars to maintain the status quo, to preserve the information-rich &lt;br&gt;at the expense of the information-poor. Thousands of lawyer hours &lt;br&gt;to keep the discovery process as unrevealing as possible. The best   [126]   minds of a generation thinking of new ways to manipulate, distort, &lt;br&gt;and conceal.   Charlie wants to call it a day. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;We&amp;#39;re getting the lay of the land,&amp;quot; he explains as we peer down &lt;br&gt;rows and rows of files in the stadium-sized warehouse. &lt;br&gt;     When Carrie delivered us here yesterday, she left us to our own &lt;br&gt;devices. The men whose files we needed had departed the company, &lt;br&gt;been fired, were retired, or resigned in the wake of the price-fixing &lt;br&gt;allegations. Dekor Industries, the good corporate citizen, reported &lt;br&gt;their anticompetitive activity to the proper authorities as soon as it &lt;br&gt;became aware of them, or at least within six months. As a reward, &lt;br&gt;it now suffered the indignity of a civil lawsuit. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;There&amp;#39;s no sense killing ourselves,&amp;quot; Charlie continues. &amp;quot;You can &lt;br&gt;take your time next week.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     I do not miss his subtle shift in personal pronouns. I stare out &lt;br&gt;across the vast landscape; it could be the Sahara. I&amp;#39;m beginning to &lt;br&gt;miss the library. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;You&amp;#39;ve done document production before,&amp;quot; says Charlie, less a &lt;br&gt;question than a proclamation. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Once or twice,&amp;quot; I lie. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s easy,&amp;quot; he says. &amp;quot;Bury them with junk, withhold the privileged &lt;br&gt;documents, flag anything that looks dangerous.&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     I remember the one &amp;quot;deal&amp;quot; I worked on last summer, the matter &lt;br&gt;that convinced me to avoid the corporate department and stick with &lt;br&gt;litigation. We had spent the night at the client&amp;#39;s offices, proofreading &lt;br&gt;prospectuses and eating M&amp;amp;M&amp;#39;s. The associate who brought me &lt;br&gt;along had me review certain documents. &amp;quot;Due diligence,&amp;quot; he called &lt;br&gt;it, which I later learned is when a law firm involved in a deal has &lt;br&gt;reviewed corporate documents and found them to be in order. The &lt;br&gt;client was a large insurance company that was buying, or being &lt;br&gt;bought by, I never figured it out, another insurer. I went into a small &lt;br&gt;room where someone had gathered ten boxes of documents, from &lt;br&gt;who or where or why I did not know, with the instruction to flag &lt;br&gt;anything that &amp;quot;looked bad.&amp;quot; I saw thousands of pages of gobbledy-   [127]   gook, insurance and business jargon that meant nothing to me. I was &lt;br&gt;looking for documents that said &amp;quot;steal ten million dollars from share- &lt;br&gt;holders&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;defraud investors.&amp;quot; Of course, I found no such docu- &lt;br&gt;ments. I was in a panic for much of the night, thinking I might have &lt;br&gt;missed such a document cleverly disguised in business-ese, until I &lt;br&gt;reassured myself that if my job had any meaning, the corporate as- &lt;br&gt;sociate would not have let a summer associate with no training do &lt;br&gt;it. Or so I hoped. &lt;br&gt;     I have a million questions, but each one feels more stupid than &lt;br&gt;the next. Charlie seems to be sneering at me, daring me to ask some- &lt;br&gt;thing ridiculous so he can confirm my incompetence. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;What&amp;#39;s dangerous?&amp;quot; I finally manage. &lt;br&gt;     Charlie laughs, his blotchy face turning all different colors of red. &lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;Everything,&amp;quot; he says, as if we&amp;#39;re sharing a joke. &amp;quot;Any other ques- &lt;br&gt;tions?&amp;quot; &lt;br&gt;     I wonder if the warehouse has an emergency exit. Could I flee &lt;br&gt;through the nearest door and escape into suburban anonymity? Or &lt;br&gt;have the doors been shuttered, nailed shut to prevent premature &lt;br&gt;departures? Decomposing associates molder in the dank and airless &lt;br&gt;corners. I shake my head. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;quot;Good,&amp;quot; says Charlie. &amp;quot;Then let&amp;#39;s get out of this hellhole.&amp;quot;   Here&amp;#39;s what you don&amp;#39;t learn in law school: &lt;br&gt;     You&amp;#39;re in a warehouse. Tin-roofed. Poorly ventilated. Barely lit. &lt;br&gt;You&amp;#39;ve been deposited here by the enthusiastic assistant of a man &lt;br&gt;with two last names. Good luck, she wished you as she closed the &lt;br&gt;door. You think you heard it lock. &lt;br&gt;     You&amp;#39;re looking for documents. Specifically, you&amp;#39;re responding to &lt;br&gt;a Request for Production of Documents. This is an evil that lawyers &lt;br&gt;do to each other in the name of &amp;quot;discovery.&amp;quot; They ask your client  &lt;br&gt;to turn over thousands of pages of documents--memos, reports, &lt;br&gt;letters, brochures, books--anything on paper or magnetic tape that &lt;br&gt;might possibly be relevant to their client&amp;#39;s claims against your client. &lt;br&gt;Your client is a corporation. It doesn&amp;#39;t have only one file. It has &lt;br&gt;thousands of employees and tens of thousands of files. You have to   [128]   search each one to weed out relevant documents. That&amp;#39;s why you&amp;#39;re &lt;br&gt;in this warehouse. Your client keeps old files here. &lt;br&gt;     The enthusiastic assistant has done some work for you. She&amp;#39;s iso- &lt;br&gt;lated rows of files belonging to employees and former employees &lt;br&gt;who might have been involved in the activities leading to the claims &lt;br&gt;in this lawsuit. Most of the employees will soon be under indictment. &lt;br&gt;You didn&amp;#39;t ask for specifics. The man with two last names seemed &lt;br&gt;touchy on that subject. &lt;br&gt;     You&amp;#39;ve developed a system. You don&amp;#39;t actually read each docu- &lt;br&gt;ment. You scan/flip through folders, looking for words like &amp;quot;Pur- &lt;br&gt;chase ,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Transaction,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Account,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Conspiracy.&amp;quot; If you see any of &lt;br&gt;these words you stop and skim the document. If more words jump &lt;br&gt;out, you may actually read the document. &lt;br&gt;     If truth be told, you don&amp;#39;t actually know what you&amp;#39;re doing. No &lt;br&gt;one&amp;#39;s explained it to you. You remember reviewing documents that &lt;br&gt;another associate had gathered in another case. But you never saw the &lt;br&gt;gathering process, only the end result, and the associate was gone and &lt;br&gt;forgotten by the time you had your hands in his papers. Now you are &lt;br&gt;that associate. The senior associate who abandoned you in this non- &lt;br&gt;descript and forgotten parcel of the country told you to copy anything &lt;br&gt;remotely relevant and flag the dangerous documents, the ones that &lt;br&gt;discuss secret pacts and hidden arrangments. He told you to call him &lt;br&gt;with any questions. You&amp;#39;ve tried to be careful, but it&amp;#39;s equatorial in &lt;br&gt;this warehouse, and that&amp;#39;s when you developed your system. &lt;br&gt;     Here&amp;#39;s your terrible mistake, the blunder you will carry with you &lt;br&gt;from your law firm without revealing: &lt;br&gt;     You&amp;#39;ve made two piles. On the left, a wall of boxes, remotely &lt;br&gt;relevant and innocuous. On the right, a stack of documents. The &lt;br&gt;wall on the left is what you&amp;#39;ll send to the overnight copy service, the &lt;br&gt;people whose job is actually more miserable than yours. They&amp;#39;ll copy &lt;br&gt;and do something called &amp;quot;Bates stamping&amp;quot; and deliver three times &lt;br&gt;as many boxes to you a week later in New York. The other pile, the &lt;br&gt;smaller pile, is the documents that implicate your client in crimes, &lt;br&gt;antitrust violations, fraud. You&amp;#39;ve pulled the documents from folders &lt;br&gt;in the boxes and stacked the pages in the pile. You plan to show   [129]   them to the senior associate. Let him figure out what&amp;#39;s criminal and &lt;br&gt;what&amp;#39;s merely uncivil. But here&amp;#39;s what you realize at the end of two &lt;br&gt;weeks: you have forgotten where they came from. &lt;br&gt;     This is a problem. First, you&amp;#39;ll never be able to return the docu- &lt;br&gt;ments to their proper place. Second, the documents, according to &lt;br&gt;the rules for these things, must be copied &amp;quot;as they are kept in the &lt;br&gt;usual course of business.&amp;quot; If they are in a folder, the label has to be &lt;br&gt;copied or the folder replicated. If they are in a folder in a box with &lt;br&gt;a label, the same replication must occur. The senior associate will &lt;br&gt;not ask if the folders and boxes were labeled. You will not volunteer &lt;br&gt;this information. The senior associate will eventually produce the &lt;br&gt;documents to the other side and no one will ever suspect what they &lt;br&gt;looked like in their pristine state. Except you. &lt;br&gt;     How could you know this? You learned it accidentally, and too &lt;br&gt;late, from a phone call to a friend with mysterious sources of infor- &lt;br&gt;mation. There was no course called Document Production at Har- &lt;br&gt;vard. No one explained &amp;quot;Bates stamping&amp;quot; or making multiple copies &lt;br&gt;or reproducing file labels or sitting in a warehouse sweating your ass &lt;br&gt;off. It turns out you&amp;#39;ll spend the greater part of your associate life &lt;br&gt;producing documents, reviewing documents, arguing about docu- &lt;br&gt;ments, but no one has bothered to train you in the art of copying &lt;br&gt;and refiling documents or the intricacies of making multiple replicate &lt;br&gt;folders. &lt;br&gt;     Eventually, you&amp;#39;ll become an expert. You will command paralegals &lt;br&gt;and associates more junior than you are. You will actually try to &lt;br&gt;teach these skills to the wretched souls who follow in your footsteps. &lt;br&gt;But right now, sitting on a box in that warehouse, the air stinking &lt;br&gt; of mildewed cardboard, miles from another human being, you put &lt;br&gt;your head in your hands and begin to cry.   [130] &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;  &lt;table width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://veggy.wetpaint.commailto:mrobinson@mail.law.utexas.edu&quot; target=&quot;_top&quot;&gt;&lt;font&gt;Questions or comments about this page?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td class=&quot;A&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;Last Updated: November 06, 2003. Copyright &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>THE DIVORCE OF PETRA GODIC</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/THE+DIVORCE+OF+PETRA+GODIC</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/THE+DIVORCE+OF+PETRA+GODIC</guid><pubDate>Mon, 19 Feb 2007 00:23:21 CST</pubDate><description>L&lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;OWELL&lt;/font&gt; B. K&lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;OMIE&lt;/font&gt;   &lt;br&gt;     SHE SAW HIM STANDING ALONE in the corridor outside the divorce courtrooms. He looked like he didn&amp;rsquo;t belong there with his English suit and white handkerchief, holding his neatly folded topcoat in his arms. He didn&amp;rsquo;t look at her and she didn&amp;rsquo;t acknowledge him. Instead, she entered the courtroom and asked the clerk for the motion book that listed the morning&amp;rsquo;s call. Her motion was number 5.  &lt;br&gt;     Jonathan Kiefer hadn&amp;rsquo;t paid her the fee for representing him in his divorce, so she&amp;rsquo;d filed a petition to award her the fee and enter a judgment against him. He&amp;rsquo;d paid her a $1,000 retainer and had agreed to pay the balance of her charges when the decree was entered. When she handed him the decree in her office, he&amp;rsquo;d said he&amp;rsquo;d forgotten his checkbook and he&amp;rsquo;d mail her the check for the balance. Instead, she received a letter saying she&amp;rsquo;d done a poor job for him, she&amp;rsquo;d been too lenient in negotiating the property settlement; instead of filing a claim against her for malpractice, he was withholding the $2,750 balance of the fee. &lt;br&gt;     So she&amp;rsquo;d learned a lesson. Never hand a client a divorce decree, or even have the decree entered, until you&amp;rsquo;ve been paid in full. She learned the hard way. Now she needed the money desperately to pay her office and household bills. She had two children and Jonathan Kiefer with his $50 haircut and tailored suit and immaculate white linen handkerchief owed her the money.  &lt;br&gt;     She knew he had no intention of paying her. She would have to force him by winning this motion. Kiefer had instructed her to settle his case and now, having settled with his wife, he wanted to have the courtroom battle he had carefully avoided&amp;mdash;but with her, his lawyer. It would be particularly satisfying for him to have it with his own lawyer as the defendant. He was a game player and a sadist and this morning&amp;rsquo;s exercise would be fun for him.  &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Petra Godic wasn&amp;rsquo;t afraid of him. She&amp;rsquo;d met men like Kiefer before. She&amp;rsquo;d been a paralegal in a large Chicago law firm filled with sadists in black suits. That&amp;rsquo;s why she&amp;rsquo;d gone to night law school. Now, six years later, she was a lawyer and had opened her own office in a centrally-managed office suite, three floors of lawyers, all solos or small partnerships, and she was just barely getting by. In her first year of practice, she&amp;rsquo;d had five divorces. Three were referred from the bar association, one from a woman friend, and then Jonathan Kiefer, sent to her by her former firm.  &lt;br&gt;     When she first met Kiefer, she thought he looked like a wary ostrich. The way he moved his head, carefully twisting his neck from side to side, reminded Petra of an ostrich she and the children had seen at the zoo.  &lt;br&gt;[99]   &lt;br&gt;He was dark-bearded, with tiny black eyes, about 46, aristocratically slim. He looked something like Franz Kafka, if Kafka had been a vice president of a Michigan Avenue advertising agency. But no, Kafka had been a poor, lonely Czech lawyer working for a government agency in Prague and living in a garret, a lawyer by day, writing stories and novels at night. He died in 1924 at the age of 41. Kiefer had the same, haunted dark face, but there the similarity ended.  &lt;br&gt;     Petra Godic was Czech, raised in Berwyn just outside of Chicago, and she loved all things Czech. Particularly Kafka, who had been a Czech Jew. She loved his diaries and his letters to women, to Felice and to Milena.  &lt;br&gt;     Petra was married to William Morris Jacoby, a painter she&amp;rsquo;d met at college in San Francisco. He&amp;rsquo;d followed her back to Chicago. She called him William Morris and he was Jewish and she loved him much more than she loved Kafka, much more. They had two boys, 4 and 2, with red cheeks and blonde hair and blue eyes like Petra. William Morris stayed at home with them. They lived in a large loft, filled with his huge paintings of owls and flowers, on the near West side across from the golden domes of St. Katerina&amp;rsquo;s church.  &lt;br&gt;     Petra was the wage earner in the family. She wasn&amp;rsquo;t going to permit Jonathan Kiefer&amp;rsquo;s paranoia to enfeeble her this morning. Au contraire, she would just beat him with her cross examination. She smiled as she waited for the motion call and impatiently swung her leg and opened her briefcase. Some of the lawyers glanced at her as they passed. She wasn&amp;rsquo;t a regular and she was a beautiful woman, in her gray suit with a coral silk blouse and gray stockings. She had long, blonde hair and she wore tiny reading spectacles, thin-rimmed in silver.  &lt;br&gt;     She didn&amp;rsquo;t even want to look at the people on the benches outside the courtroom when she passed them in the corridor. One man sat with his head in his hands between his legs. Four or five thick-necked men sat on the window ledges behind their wives, who were waiting on the benches. Sad-faced lawyers with darting eyes argued profanely in front of the courtroom door. Clerks came pushing carts piled with files, women lawyers pushed past her, their heels clicking as they walked to their hearings.  &lt;br&gt;     And then the ostrich, the dark-bearded, pale Jonathan Kiefer stood there with his half smile looking out the windows at Chicago&amp;rsquo;s skyline.  &lt;br&gt;    &lt;i&gt; She remembered the first day he&amp;rsquo;d come to her office, entering cautiously, not looking at her, looking just over her. He&amp;rsquo;d been married before, he told her, and had three children, two boys and a girl. His first wife had custody, but the children came every other weekend for Friday and Saturday overnight visitation.&lt;/i&gt;  &lt;br&gt;[100]   &lt;br&gt;     &lt;i&gt;They were young teenagers and Suzanne, his second wife, hadn&amp;rsquo;t bonded with them. She hadn&amp;rsquo;t even tried. When the children came, she&amp;rsquo;d stay down at the bank where she was a commercial lending officer. She was in her late twenties, almost 20 years younger than Kiefer, and she&amp;rsquo;d met another man. He worked at the bank in the trust department, a man in his thirties, a bachelor. They&amp;rsquo;d been having an affair She began coming home at 1 or 2 in the morning. He no longer waited up for her. They slept in separate rooms and communicated by notes they&amp;rsquo;d leave for each other in the morning on the hall table. &lt;/i&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;     Kiefer wanted out of the marriage, but Suzanne had little money of her own. She wanted her property back, her mother&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;heirlooms&amp;rdquo; and a lump sum&amp;mdash;$25,000&amp;mdash;to start her life again. If he gave it to her she told him she would waive alimony. &lt;/i&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;     Jonathan Kiefer told Petra all this without expression in a flat voice, his only movement with his hands. He picked up a decorative glass ball on Petra&amp;rsquo;s desk, a Christmas tree ornament made in Prague. As he spoke, he crushed the ornament in his hand and he began bleeding. She ran out and got the key to the men&amp;rsquo;s washroom and gave him some tissues. He ignored his cut hand. &amp;ldquo;I won&amp;rsquo;t give her a cent,&amp;rdquo; he said. &amp;ldquo;Not a penny. She deserves nothing. Only my contempt. I&amp;rsquo;m sorry I broke your ornament. I&amp;rsquo;ll buy you another.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The clerk rapped her gavel three times. &amp;ldquo;All rise . . .&amp;rdquo; There was a shuffling as people stood up. The clerk rapped again, a hollow wooden sound. &amp;ldquo;Hear ye, hear ye, hear ye. This court is now in session. The Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, the Honorable Sylvia Gomez-Castillo presiding. No talking.&amp;rdquo; She banged the gavel again and everyone went silent.  &lt;br&gt;     The clerk called out, &amp;ldquo;Sheet one, line four. In re: the marriage of Mark and Marian Sobolewski, 96 D 19732.&amp;rdquo; She handed the judge the file and disappeared behind her computer. The male court reporter at the left of the bench looked up with his fingers poised on his machine. A male bailiff in a black shirt and black trousers and a shiny black holster with a pistol and handcuff pouch carefully looked over the people seated in the court room. Judge Gomez-Castillo sat down in the large judge&amp;rsquo;s chair beneath two flags, the American flag over her left shoulder and the City of Chicago flag over her right shoulder. On the right wall, there was in neat incised brass lettering, &amp;ldquo;In God We Trust.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     Judge Gomez-Castillo was petite, about 32, with flashing dark eyes and black hair, one of the few Hispanic judges on the bench. She was extremely polite and very confident and direct. She sipped her morning Coke from a paper cup and waited for the litigants. Below her nameplate was a scotch-taped, crudely lettered cardboard sign: &lt;br&gt;[101]   &lt;br&gt;&amp;ldquo;Lawyers&amp;mdash;State Your Name and Case Number Clearly. Speak Up So The Court Reporter Can Hear You.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     Petra Godic thought about her argument. This was a tough, young, female judge. Not some old political hack. Petra would just lay it out for her. She&amp;rsquo;d word-processed the petition and attached her time sheets detailing every hour, all the phone calls, meetings, expenses. Her hourly rate was $125 and she&amp;rsquo;d spent 30 hours. She&amp;rsquo;d been paid $1,000. He owed her $2,750, and she wanted a judgment. If he didn&amp;rsquo;t pay her immediately, she&amp;rsquo;d file a garnishment. She wondered if his Michigan Avenue advertising agency had ever had a garnishment against an executive.  &lt;br&gt;     &lt;i&gt;She remembered standing in the corridor of the Daley Center, on the seventeenth floor, on the day of the hearing and settling Kiefer&amp;rsquo;s case just before it was called for trial. If she hadn&amp;rsquo;t settled it, the judge would have entered orders dividing the property and that was a risk even Jonathan Kiefer, filled with spite, wouldn&amp;rsquo;t want to take. The judge had the nasty habit of constantly zipping and unzipping his robe as the lawyers addressed him. He looked like a wedding cake figure, tiny, pasty-faced, bald head shining. She would have loved to push the cake into his face but instead asked for leave to meet with Kiefer&amp;rsquo;s wife and her lawyer and the hearing was postponed for an hour. &lt;/i&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;     She&amp;rsquo;d paced the halfway corridor, back and forth, the length of the corridor, trying to settle the case. The wife was with one of Chicago&amp;rsquo;s name divorce lawyers, tall, dark-haired, a tic at the corner of his mouth. He never looked her in the eyes. He&amp;rsquo;d reduced their demand from $25,000 to $15,000, that and all the &amp;ldquo;heirlooms.&amp;rdquo; She negotiated them one by one. First the mother&amp;rsquo;s silverware, then the mother&amp;rsquo;s glassware&amp;mdash;even the jam jars, allegedly crystal and embroidered with flowers.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;     She would walk down to Kiefer who was hidden around the corridor and extract the silverware from him, like tearing meat from an eagle&amp;rsquo;s talons. Then she&amp;rsquo;d walk back down, past the elevator, past all the people waiting on the benches, to the wife and her lawyer, also hidden by a bend in the corridor, and offer up the mother&amp;rsquo;s heirlooms, piece by piece, until finally the wife brought her lump sum demand down to $10,000.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;br&gt;     &lt;i&gt;Petra told Kiefer that if be didn&amp;rsquo;t accept it, the little judge with the angry zipper and wedding-cake pallor might give the wife whose face was streaked with tears $25,000, maybe $50,000. Who knows? Also there was a waiver of alimony offered; why not get rid of her for $10,000 and walk away? And that opportunity Jonathan Kiefer finally accepted. He didn&amp;rsquo;t even stay for the entry of the order. He asked her to messenger the order to his office and he would sign it. &lt;/i&gt; &lt;br&gt;     Petra barely listened to the next case. She got her petition with the time sheets out of her briefcase. She was ready for the hearing. &lt;br&gt;[102]   &lt;br&gt;     Milena Jesenska, the Czech woman writer and journalist, had been in love with Franz Kafka. She died in a concentration camp, not because she loved Kafka, but because she was a Christian woman who loved freedom and refused to be silenced by the Germans. Milena Jesenska with her beautiful spirit.  &lt;br&gt;     Petra would not let Jonathan Kiefer play Kafka. Milena would have had nothing to do with him. Kiefer was sick and playing foolish games with Petra. She wasn&amp;rsquo;t Milena Jesenska; she was Petra Godic, and she had two children and a handsome artist husband who was a house father and they all depended on her. She shook her long hair and removed her glasses and waited for the clerk to call the case. There were two no-shows before her and now her case would be called.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;In re: the Marriage of Jonathan and Suzanne Kiefer.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     Petra stepped forward and looked at the judge. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Good morning, your honor.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Good morning, judge,&amp;rdquo; Jonathan Kiefer said.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Good morning, sir; good morning, counsel.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     Petra could sense him standing to her left just behind her. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Do you have a lawyer, sir?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;No, I don&amp;rsquo;t, your honor.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Will there be any testimony?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes, your honor. I would like to testify,&amp;rdquo; he said.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;OK. Swear the witness.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Raise your right hand,&amp;rdquo; the clerk said. &amp;ldquo;Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, so help you God?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;I do,&amp;rdquo; Kiefer said.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;All right, sir,&amp;rdquo; the judge pointed. &amp;ldquo;Take the witness stand.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Do you have a preliminary statement, counsel?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes, your honor.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Let me hear it.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Your honor, Mr. Kiefer came to me and engaged me as his lawyer in his divorce case. It was a contested case. There were no children. I had several office conferences with Mr. Kiefer. Contested motions. Telephone calls. Additional conferences. Preparation of pleadings. Finally the case was settled and the decree entered.&amp;rdquo; She could feel herself growing warm under her silk blouse as if she were flushing and she sensed the color rising to her face. &amp;ldquo;I have attached to my petition a statement of my time and detail of my services for each time entry. It&amp;rsquo;s a total of 30 hours, your honor.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;At an hourly rate of $125, the total, including costs, that I ask I be awarded is $2,875. Mr. Kiefer has paid me $1,000 as a retainer. So the total charges including costs would be $3,875. He refuses to pay the balance. I am asking this morning for you to award me a judgment for  &lt;br&gt;[103]   &lt;br&gt;the balance of attorney fees in the amount of $2,750 and $125 in costs as detailed in the petition.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     Petra stepped back from the bench. She could feet her heart pounding. She was so angry at this man. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;All right, counsel. Mr. Kiefer, do you want to make a preliminary statement?&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;No, your honor. Just that I don&amp;rsquo;t owe her anything.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Well, that&amp;rsquo;s the issue here, isn&amp;rsquo;t it,&amp;rdquo; the judge answered. &amp;ldquo;All right, counsel. Proceed with your examination.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Your name is Jonathan Kiefer?&amp;rdquo; Petra asked.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes.&amp;rdquo; He was looking away from her as if he were detached from all of this.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;And you engaged me as your attorney in the divorce proceeding that your wife, Suzanne Kiefer, filed?&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Ultimately that divorce resulted in a decree of a dissolution of marriage, did it not?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;And it was with your agreement.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;No, it was not.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;But, sir, you signed it as agreed, did you not?&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t remember signing it.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;I&amp;rsquo;ll ask the court reporter to mark this document as Petitioner&amp;rsquo;s Exhibit 1 for identification.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     Petra waited. After the order had been marked, she walked to the side of Kiefer and handed it to him. &amp;ldquo;Is that your order of dissolution of marriage?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     Kiefer took out his glasses from his jacket and hooked their tortoise-shelled rims over his ears. He inspected the document.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;It appears to be.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Now, sir, look at the last page where your signature appears above the word &amp;lsquo;approved.&amp;rsquo; I ask you, sir, is that your signature?&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes, it is,&amp;rdquo; he said, still inspecting the document. &amp;ldquo;It looks like my signature.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Well, is it or isn&amp;rsquo;t it?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;It is.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;So you did approve your decree, didn&amp;rsquo;t you?&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The minute she asked him the question, she knew she&amp;rsquo;d asked one question too many. She knew that she&amp;rsquo;d violated the lawyer&amp;rsquo;s rule against asking one more unnecessary question.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;I approved the decree only because you told me that if I didn&amp;rsquo;t pay my wife $10,000 the judge who was susceptible to political influence &lt;br&gt;[104]   &lt;br&gt;might possibly award her more, possibly $25,000 or $50,000. Do you deny saying that?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Objection.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Sustained. You can&amp;rsquo;t cross examine counsel. If you want to examine, you can later call her as your witness.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     He&amp;rsquo;d thrown a wild punch at her and it had landed and she felt dizzy and angry. She told herself, Stay calm. You are as tough as Milena, and this is a neurotic, selfish man who is trying to have his trial now and is putting you on trial instead of his wife.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;That decree also provides that each party shall pay their own attorney fees. Does it not? Look at page three, paragraph four.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     Kiefer slowly turned the pages, snapping each one as he turned them, and then put his glasses back on. &amp;ldquo;It says that.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;And you have received a statement from my office with a detailed compilation of time and expenses. Will the court reporter mark this as Petitioner&amp;rsquo;s Exhibit 2 for identification?&amp;rdquo; Petra handed her statement and the time sheets to the court reporter and they were marked. Then she walked over to Kiefer and handed the exhibit to him.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;You have received that statement before, have you not?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;I have.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Have you made any payment beyond the initial $1,000?&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;I have not.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     Here she was again. Should she ask him why? She knew if she asked him, he would throw another wild punch at her. The first one had hurt, but she&amp;rsquo;d recovered. OK. She could take it. She&amp;rsquo;d been a paralegal for years with men just like Kiefer manipulating her and ordering her around. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Why haven&amp;rsquo;t you paid it?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Because it isn&amp;rsquo;t reasonable.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;You&amp;rsquo;ve read the summary of hours?&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;And they&amp;rsquo;re not reasonable?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Not under the circumstances. My wife wanted to settle. I instructed you to settle the case immediately.&amp;rdquo; He had a little smile on his face. &amp;ldquo;But no, you insisted. You insisted on dragging it out. Hour after hour. Confrontations. Unnecessary confrontations and accusations. All unnecessary and over-charged. The whole thing could have been handled with one conference right at the onset. And that part about the judge being politically corrupt. I couldn&amp;rsquo;t believe that the judges in this court would be acting under corrupt influence and favoritism. I knew it wasn&amp;rsquo;t true. But you were my lawyer. You were sworn to represent me; I believed in you.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Like you believed in your wife?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;[105]   &lt;br&gt;    &amp;ldquo;Yes, like I believed in my wife.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;And she deserted you.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;And you also think that I deserted you.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes, but I was not your wife, was I? I was your lawyer.&amp;rdquo; She turned her back on him and walked away. Then she turned back to him. &amp;ldquo;By the way,&amp;rdquo; she asked, &amp;ldquo;what is your yearly salary at your company?&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;My salary?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes, how much do you earn?&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;$250,000,&amp;rdquo; he answered.  &lt;br&gt;     There was laughter in the courtroom. The clerk gaveled for quiet. There were mostly poor people here. Most of them were unemployed. &lt;br&gt;     The judge intervened and held up the petition.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Counsel, I have read your petition and I have heard the testimony. I don&amp;rsquo;t have to hear anything further. I enter judgment for the full amount&amp;rdquo;&amp;mdash;she peered over her glasses&amp;mdash;&amp;ldquo;$2,875, which includes costs. The judgment will be effective today. Mr. Kiefer, you may step down.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Your honor, as a citizen, do I have the privilege of appealing your order?&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Yes, Sir, you do. However, you will have to put up a bond. If you want me to set bond, I will do so today. Otherwise I suggest that you get a lawyer and be advised of your rights. I cannot advise you. Call the next case.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Sheet two, line 12. In re: the marriage of Alice and Martin Reynolds.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     In a moment, Jonathan Kiefer was gone. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ldquo;Thank you, your honor,&amp;rdquo; Petra said.  &lt;br&gt;     The judge nodded curtly and sipped from her red paper cup of Coke. &amp;ldquo;Counsel, prepare your order.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br&gt;     He had 30 days to file his appeal. Even if she filed a garnishment, he could get a stay of the judgment if he put up a bond. She wouldn&amp;rsquo;t let up on him. She could see the sheriff walking into his paneled reception room with the garnishment summons. She had to pay for day-care now because her husband was not selling paintings and he&amp;rsquo;d taken a part-time teaching job. Kiefer&amp;rsquo;s money would take care of that. She would file the garnishment. Still, he could toy with her like a cat with a mouse in his paws, a wealthy, neurotic cat.  &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;On the thirtieth day following entry of the judgment, an elderly messenger knocked on Petra&amp;rsquo;s door. He handed her a pale blue box from Tiffany&amp;rsquo;s. Had someone sent her a gift?  &lt;br&gt;[106]   &lt;br&gt;     She slit the box open with her stationery knife. There was a silver Christmas tree ornament nestled in the white tissue, a beautiful glass ornament with silver stars. Also a card, Jonathan Kiefer II, engraved in black on pale ivory. &amp;ldquo;I always keep my promises, even to those who deceive me.&amp;rdquo;  &lt;br&gt;     She could see that there was something else inside the ornament. It was a tightly rolled piece of paper in a rubber band, but to remove it she would have to break the ornament. She took the heart-shaped golden paperweight her husband had given her when she opened her law office and broke the ornament open. She was careful of the shards of glass.  &lt;br&gt;     She removed the rubberband and opened the scroll of paper. It was a check written in red ink. At the lower left, &amp;ldquo;Payment in full.&amp;rdquo; He had smeared a red line across its face. Was it a line of blood? Had he written the check not in red ink but in his own blood? Had he purposely cut himself and written the check with his blood?  &lt;br&gt;     So what? It would clear and she was through with &lt;i&gt;Kiefer v. Kiefer&lt;/i&gt;.  &lt;br&gt;[107]&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>DEVIL &amp; DANIEL WEBSTER</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/DEVIL+%26+DANIEL+WEBSTER</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/DEVIL+%26+DANIEL+WEBSTER</guid><pubDate>Mon, 19 Feb 2007 00:22:00 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;I&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;[13]   &lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;IT&amp;#39;S A STORY THEY TELL IN THE BORDER COUNTRY&lt;/font&gt;,&lt;br&gt;where Massachusetts joins Vermont and New&lt;br&gt;Hampshire.      Yes, Dan&amp;#39;l Webster&amp;#39;s dead-or, at least, they&lt;br&gt;buried him. But every time there&amp;#39;s a thunder&lt;br&gt;storm around Marshfield, they say you can hear&lt;br&gt;his rolling voice in the hollows of the sky. And&lt;br&gt;they say that if you go to his grave and speak&lt;br&gt;loud and clear, &amp;quot;Dan&amp;#39;l Webster-Dan&amp;#39;l Web-&lt;br&gt;ster!&amp;quot; the ground&amp;#39;ll begin to shiver and the trees&lt;br&gt;begin to shake. And after a while you&amp;#39;ll hear a&lt;br&gt;deep voice saying, &amp;quot;Neighbor, how stands the&lt;br&gt;Union?&amp;quot; Then you better answer the Union   [14]   stands as she stood, rock-bottomed and copper&lt;br&gt;sheathed, one and indivisible, or he&amp;#39;s liable to&lt;br&gt;rear right out of the ground. At least, that&amp;#39;s&lt;br&gt;what I was told when I was a youngster.      You see, for a while, he was the biggest man&lt;br&gt;in the country. He never got to be President,&lt;br&gt;but he was the biggest man. There were thou-&lt;br&gt;sands that trusted in him right next to God&lt;br&gt;Almighty, and they told stories about him and&lt;br&gt;all the things that belonged to him that were&lt;br&gt;like the stories of&amp;#39;patriarchs and such. They said,&lt;br&gt;when he stood up to speak, stars and stripes came&lt;br&gt;right out in the sky, and once he spoke against&lt;br&gt;a river and made it sink into the ground. They&lt;br&gt;said, when he walked the woods with his fishing&lt;br&gt;rod, Killall, the trout would jump out of the&lt;br&gt;streams right into his pockets, for they knew it&lt;br&gt;was no use putting up a fight against him; and,&lt;br&gt;when he argued a case, he could turn on the&lt;br&gt;harps of the blessed and the shaking of the earth   [15]   underground. That was the kind of man he was,&lt;br&gt;and his big farm up at Marshfield was suitable&lt;br&gt;to him. The chickens he raised were all white&lt;br&gt;meat down through the drumsticks, the cows&lt;br&gt;were tended like children, and the big ram he&lt;br&gt;called Goliath had horns with a curl like a&lt;br&gt;morning-glory vine and could butt through an&lt;br&gt;iron door. But Dan&amp;#39;l wasn&amp;#39;t one of your gentle-&lt;br&gt;men farmers; he knew all the ways of the land,&lt;br&gt;and he&amp;#39;d be up by candlelight to see that the&lt;br&gt;chores got done. A man with a mouth like a&lt;br&gt;mastiff, a brow like a mountain and eyes like&lt;br&gt;burning anthracite-that was Dan&amp;#39;l Webster in&lt;br&gt;his prime. And the biggest case he argued never&lt;br&gt;got written down in the books, for he argued it&lt;br&gt;against the devil, nip and tuck and no holds&lt;br&gt;barred. And this is the way I used to hear it told.      There was a man named Jabez Stone, lived at&lt;br&gt;Cross Corners, New Hampshire. He wasn&amp;#39;t a&lt;br&gt;bad man to start with, but he was an unlucky   &lt;br&gt;[16]   man. If he planted corn, he got borers; if he&lt;br&gt;planted potatoes, he got blight. He had good&lt;br&gt;enough land, but it didn&amp;#39;t prosper him; he had&lt;br&gt;a decent wife and children, but the more chil-&lt;br&gt;dren he had, the less there was to feed them. If&lt;br&gt;stones cropped up in his neighbor&amp;#39;s field, boul-&lt;br&gt;ders boiled up in his; if he had a horse with the&lt;br&gt;spavins, he&amp;#39;d trade it for one with the staggers&lt;br&gt;and give something extra. There&amp;#39;s some folks&lt;br&gt;bound to be like that, apparently. But one day&lt;br&gt;Jabez Stone got sick of the whole business.      He&amp;#39;d been plowing that morning and he&amp;#39;d just&lt;br&gt;broke the plowshare on a rock that he could&lt;br&gt;have sworn hadn&amp;#39;t been there yesterday. And, as&lt;br&gt;he stood looking at the plowshare, the off horse&lt;br&gt;began to cough-that ropy kind of cough that&lt;br&gt;means sickness and horse doctors. There were&lt;br&gt;two children down with the measles, his wife&lt;br&gt;was ailing, and he had a whitlow on his thumb.&lt;br&gt;It was about the last straw for Jabez Stone. &amp;quot;I   [17]   vow,&amp;quot; he said, and he looked around him kind&lt;br&gt;of desperate-&amp;quot;I vow it&amp;#39;s enough to make a man&lt;br&gt;want to sell his soul to the devil! And I would,&lt;br&gt;too, for two cents!&amp;quot;      Then he felt a kind of queerness come over&lt;br&gt;him at having said what he&amp;#39;d said; though, natu-&lt;br&gt;rally, being a New Hampshireman, he wouldn&amp;#39;t&lt;br&gt;take it back. But, all the same, when it got to be&lt;br&gt;evening and, as far as he could see, no notice&lt;br&gt;had been taken, he felt relieved in his mind, for&lt;br&gt;he was a religious man. But notice is always&lt;br&gt;taken, sooner or later, just like the Good Book&lt;br&gt;says. And, sure enough, next day, about supper&lt;br&gt;time, a soft-spoken, dark-dressed stranger drove&lt;br&gt;up in a handsome buggy and asked for Jabez&lt;br&gt;Stone.      Well, Jabez told his family it was a lawyer,&lt;br&gt;come to see him about a legacy. But he knew&lt;br&gt;who it was. He didn&amp;#39;t like the looks of the&lt;br&gt;stranger, nor the way he smiled with his teeth.   [18]      They were white teeth, and plentiful-some say&lt;br&gt;they were filed to a point, but I wouldn&amp;#39;t vouch&lt;br&gt;for that. And he didn&amp;#39;t like it when the dog took&lt;br&gt;one look at the stranger and ran away howling,&lt;br&gt;with his tail between his legs. But having passed&lt;br&gt;his word, more or less, he stuck to it, and they&lt;br&gt;went out behind the barn and made their bar-&lt;br&gt;gain. Jabez Stone had to prick his finger to sign,&lt;br&gt;and the stranger lent him a silver pin. The&lt;br&gt;wound healed clean, but it left a little white&lt;br&gt;scar.   &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;      &lt;br&gt;&lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;II&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;[21]   &lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;AFTER THAT, ALL OF A SUDDEN, THINGS BEGAN TO&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;pick up and prosper for Jabez Stone. His cows&lt;br&gt;got fat and his horses sleek, his crops were the&lt;br&gt;envy of the neighborhood, and lightning might&lt;br&gt;strike all over the valley, but it wouldn&amp;#39;t strike&lt;br&gt;his barn. Pretty soon, he was one of the pros-&lt;br&gt;perous people of the county; they asked him to&lt;br&gt;stand for selectman, and he stood for it; there&lt;br&gt;began to be talk of running him for state senate.&lt;br&gt;All in all, you might say the Stone family was as&lt;br&gt;happy and contented as cats in a dairy. And so&lt;br&gt;they were, except for Jabez Stone.   [22]      He&amp;#39;d been contented enough, the first few&lt;br&gt;years. It&amp;#39;s a great thing when bad luck turns;&lt;br&gt;it drives most other things out of your head.&lt;br&gt;True, every now and then, especially in rainy&lt;br&gt;weather, the little white scar on his finger would&lt;br&gt;give him a twinge. And once a year, punctual&lt;br&gt;as clockwork, the stranger with the handsome&lt;br&gt;buggy would come driving by. But the sixth&lt;br&gt;year, the stranger lighted, and, after that, his&lt;br&gt;peace was over for Jabez Stone.      The stranger came up through the lower field,&lt;br&gt;switching his boots with a cane-they were hand-&lt;br&gt;some black boots, but Jabez Stone never liked&lt;br&gt;the look of them, particularly the toes. And,&lt;br&gt;after he&amp;#39;d passed the time of day, he said, &amp;quot;Well,&lt;br&gt;Mr. Stone&amp;#39;, you&amp;#39;re a hummer! It&amp;#39;s a very pretty&lt;br&gt;property you&amp;#39;ve got here, Mr. Stone.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Well, some might favor it and others might&lt;br&gt;not,&amp;quot; said Jabez Stone, for he was a New Hamp-&lt;br&gt;shireman.   [23]      &amp;quot;Oh, no need to decry your industry! &amp;quot; said the&lt;br&gt;stranger, very easy, showing his teeth in a smile.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;After all, we know what&amp;#39;s been done, and it&amp;#39;s&lt;br&gt;been according to contract and specifications.&lt;br&gt;So when-ahem-the mortgage falls due next&lt;br&gt;year, you shouldn&amp;#39;t have any regrets.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Speaking of that mortgage, mister,&amp;quot; said&lt;br&gt;Jabez Stone, and he looked around for help to&lt;br&gt;the earth and the sky, &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;m beginning to have&lt;br&gt;one or two doubts about it.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Doubts?&amp;quot; said the stranger, not quite so&lt;br&gt;pleasantly.      &amp;quot;Why, yes,&amp;quot; said Jabez Stone. &amp;quot;This being&lt;br&gt;the U. S. A. and me always having been a reli-&lt;br&gt;gious man.&amp;quot; He cleared his throat and got bolder.      &amp;quot;Yes, sir,&amp;quot; he said, &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;m beginning to have con-&lt;br&gt;siderable doubts as to that mortgage holding in&lt;br&gt;court.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;There&amp;#39;s courts and courts,&amp;quot; said the stranger,&lt;br&gt;clicking his teeth. &amp;quot;Still, we might as well have a   [24]   look at the original document.&amp;quot; And he hauled&lt;br&gt;out a big black pocketbook, full of papers.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;Sherwin, Slater, Stevens, Stone,&amp;quot; he muttered.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;I, Jabez Stone, for a term of seven years-Oh,&lt;br&gt;it&amp;#39;s quite in order, I think.&amp;quot;      But Jabez Stone wasn&amp;#39;t listening, for he saw&lt;br&gt;something else flutter out of the black pocket&lt;br&gt;book. It was something that looked like a moth,&lt;br&gt;but it wasn&amp;#39;t a moth. And as Jabez Stone stared&lt;br&gt;at it, it seemed to speak to him in a small sort of&lt;br&gt;piping voice, terrible small and thin, but ter-&lt;br&gt;rible human.      &amp;quot;Neighbor Stonel&amp;quot; it squeaked. &amp;quot;Neighbor&lt;br&gt;Stone! Help me! For God&amp;#39;s sake, help&lt;br&gt;me! &amp;quot;      But before Jabez Stone could stir hand or&lt;br&gt;foot, the stranger whipped out a big bandanna&lt;br&gt;handkerchief, caught the creature in it, just like&lt;br&gt;a butterfly, and started tying up the ends of the&lt;br&gt;bandanna.   [25]      &amp;quot;Sorry for the interruption,&amp;quot; he said. &amp;quot;As I&lt;br&gt;was saying-&amp;quot;      But Jabez Stone was shaking all over like a&lt;br&gt;scared horse.      &amp;quot;That&amp;#39;s Miser Stevens&amp;#39; voice!&amp;quot; he said, in a&lt;br&gt;croak. &amp;quot;And you&amp;#39;ve got him in your handker-&lt;br&gt;chief! &amp;quot;      The stranger looked a little embarrassed.      &amp;quot;Yes, I really should have transferred him to&lt;br&gt;the collecting box,&amp;quot; he said with a simper. &amp;quot;but&lt;br&gt;there were some rather unusual specimens there&lt;br&gt;and I didn&amp;#39;t want them crowded. Well, well,&lt;br&gt;these little contretemps will occur.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;I don&amp;#39;t know what you mean by contertan,&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;said Jabez Stone, &amp;quot;but that was Miser Stevens&amp;#39;&lt;br&gt;voice! And he ain&amp;#39;t deadl You can&amp;#39;t tell me he&lt;br&gt;is! He was just as spry and mean as a woodchuck,&lt;br&gt;Tuesday!&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;In the midst of life-&amp;quot; said the stranger, kind&lt;br&gt;of pious. &amp;quot;Listen!&amp;quot; Then a bell began to toll in   [26]   the valley and Jabez Stone listened, with the&lt;br&gt;sweat running down his face. For he knew it&lt;br&gt;was tolled for Miser Stevens and that he was&lt;br&gt;dead.      &amp;quot;These long-standing accounts,&amp;quot; said the&lt;br&gt;stranger with a sigh; &amp;quot;one really hates to close&lt;br&gt;them. But business is business.&amp;quot;      He still had the bandanna in his hand, and&lt;br&gt;Jabez Stone felt sick as he saw the cloth struggle&lt;br&gt;and flutter.      &amp;quot;Are they all as small as that?&amp;quot; he asked&lt;br&gt;hoarsely.      &amp;quot;Small?&amp;quot; said the stranger. &amp;quot;Oh, I see what&lt;br&gt;you mean. Why, they vary.&amp;quot; He measured Jabez&lt;br&gt;Stone with his eyes, and his teeth showed.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;Don&amp;#39;t worry, Mr. Stone,&amp;quot; he said. &amp;quot;You&amp;#39;ll go&lt;br&gt;with a very good grade. I wouldn&amp;#39;t trust you&lt;br&gt;outside the collecting box. Now, a man like&lt;br&gt;Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, of course-well, we&amp;#39;d have to&lt;br&gt;build a special box for him, and even at that, I   [27]   imagine the wing spread would astonish you.&lt;br&gt;He&amp;#39;d certainly be a prize. I wish we could see&lt;br&gt;our way clear to him. But, in your case, as I was&lt;br&gt;saying-&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Put that handkerchief awayl&amp;quot; said Jabez&lt;br&gt;Stone, and he began to beg and to pray. But the&lt;br&gt;best he could get at the end was a three years&amp;#39;&lt;br&gt;extension, with conditions.      But till you make a bargain like that, you&amp;#39;ve&lt;br&gt;got no idea of how fast four years can run. By&lt;br&gt;the last months of those years, Jabez Stone&amp;#39;s&lt;br&gt;known all over the state and there&amp;#39;s talk of run-&lt;br&gt;ning him for governor - and it&amp;#39;s dust and ashes&lt;br&gt;in his mouth. For every day, when he gets up,&lt;br&gt;he thinks, &amp;quot;There&amp;#39;s one more night gone,&amp;quot; and&lt;br&gt;every night when he lies down, he thinks of the&lt;br&gt;black pocketbook and the soul of Miser Stevens,&lt;br&gt;and it makes him sick at heart. Till, finally, he&lt;br&gt;can&amp;#39;t bear it any longer, and, in the last days of&lt;br&gt;the last year, he hitches his horse and drives   [28]   off to seek Dan&amp;#39;l Webster. For Dan&amp;#39;l was born&lt;br&gt;in New Hampshire, only a few miles from Cross&lt;br&gt;Corners, and it&amp;#39;s well known that he has a par-&lt;br&gt;ticular soft spot for old neighbors.   &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;      &lt;br&gt;&lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;III&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;[31]   &lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;IT WAS EARLY IN THE MORNING WHEN HE GOT TO&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marshfield, but Dan&amp;#39;l was up already, talking&lt;br&gt;Latin to the farm hands and wrestling with the&lt;br&gt;ram, Goliath, and trying out a new trotter and&lt;br&gt;working up speeches to make against John C.&lt;br&gt;Calhoun. But when he heard a New Hampshire&lt;br&gt;man had come to see him, he dropped every&lt;br&gt;thing else he was doing, for that was Dan&amp;#39;l&amp;#39;s&lt;br&gt;way. He gave Jabez Stone a breakfast that five&lt;br&gt;men couldn&amp;#39;t eat, went into the living history of&lt;br&gt;every man and woman in Cross Corners, and&lt;br&gt;finally asked him how he could serve him.   [32]      Jabez Stone allowed that it was a kind of&lt;br&gt;mortgage case.      &amp;quot;Well, I haven&amp;#39;t pleaded a mortgage case in&lt;br&gt;a long time, and I don&amp;#39;t generally plead now,&lt;br&gt;except before the Supreme Court,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l,&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;but if I can, I&amp;#39;ll help you.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Then I&amp;#39;ve got hope for the first time in ten&lt;br&gt;years,&amp;quot; said Jabez Stone, and told him the de-&lt;br&gt;tails.      Dan&amp;#39;l walked up and down as he listened,&lt;br&gt;hands behind his back, now and then asking a&lt;br&gt;question, now and then plunging his eyes at the&lt;br&gt;floor, as if they&amp;#39;d bore through it like gimlets.&lt;br&gt;When Jabez Stone had finished, Dan&amp;#39;l puffed&lt;br&gt;out his cheeks and blew. Then he turned to&lt;br&gt;Jabez Stone and a smile broke over his face like&lt;br&gt;the sunrise over Monadnock.      &amp;quot;You&amp;#39;ve certainly given yourself the devil&amp;#39;s&lt;br&gt;own row to hoe, Neighbor Stone,&amp;quot; he said, &amp;quot;but&lt;br&gt;I&amp;#39;ll take your case.&amp;quot;   [33]      &amp;quot;You&amp;#39;ll take it?&amp;quot; said Jabez Stone, hardly dar-&lt;br&gt;ing to believe.      &amp;quot;Yes,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l Webster. &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;ve got about&lt;br&gt;seventy-five other things to do and the Missouri&lt;br&gt;Compromise to straighten out, but I&amp;#39;ll take your&lt;br&gt;case. For if two New Hampshiremen aren&amp;#39;t a&lt;br&gt;match for the devil, we might as well give the&lt;br&gt;country back to the Indians.&amp;quot;      Then he shook Jabez Stone by the hand and&lt;br&gt;said, &amp;quot;Did you come down here in a hurry?&amp;quot;   &amp;quot;Well, I admit I made time,&amp;quot; said Jabez&lt;br&gt;Stone.      &amp;quot;You&amp;#39;ll go back faster,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l Webster,&lt;br&gt;and he told &amp;#39;em to hitch up Constitution and&lt;br&gt;Constellation to the carriage. They were matched&lt;br&gt;grays with one white forefoot, and they stepped&lt;br&gt;like greased lightning.      Well, I won&amp;#39;t describe how excited and pleased&lt;br&gt;the whole Stone family was to have the great&lt;br&gt;Dan&amp;#39;l Webster for a guest, when they finally got   [34]   there. Jabez Stone had lost his hat on the way,&lt;br&gt;blown off when they overtook a wind, but he&lt;br&gt;didn&amp;#39;t take much account of that. But after sup-&lt;br&gt;per he sent the family off to bed, for he had most&lt;br&gt;particular business with Mr. Webster. Mrs.&lt;br&gt;Stone wanted them to sit in the front parlor, but&lt;br&gt;Dan&amp;#39;l Webster knew front parlors and said he&lt;br&gt;preferred the kitchen. So it was there they sat,&lt;br&gt;waiting for the stranger, with a jug on the table&lt;br&gt;between them and a bright fire on the hearth - &lt;br&gt;the stranger being scheduled to show up on the&lt;br&gt;stroke of midnight, according to specification.        Well, most men wouldn&amp;#39;t have asked for bet-&lt;br&gt;ter company than Dan&amp;#39;l Webster and a jug. But&lt;br&gt;with every tick of the clock Jabez Stone got&lt;br&gt;sadder and sadder. His eyes roved round, and&lt;br&gt;though he sampled the jug you could see he&lt;br&gt;couldn&amp;#39;t taste it. Finally, on the stroke of 11:30&lt;br&gt;he reached over and grabbed Dan&amp;#39;l Webster by&lt;br&gt;the arm.   [35]      &amp;quot;Mr. Webster, Mr. Webster!&amp;quot; he said, and&lt;br&gt;his voice was shaking with fear and a desperate&lt;br&gt;courage. &amp;quot;For God&amp;#39;s sake, Mr. Webster, harness&lt;br&gt;your horses and get away from this place while&lt;br&gt;you can!&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;You&amp;#39;ve brought me a long way, neighbor, to&lt;br&gt;tell me you don&amp;#39;t like my company,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l&lt;br&gt;Webster, quite peaceable, pulling at the jug.      &amp;quot;Miserable wretch that I am!&amp;quot; groaned Jabez&lt;br&gt;Stone. &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;ve brought you a devilish way, and&lt;br&gt;now I see my folly. Let him take me if he wills.&lt;br&gt;I don&amp;#39;t hanker after it, I must say, but I can stand&lt;br&gt;it. But you&amp;#39;re the Union&amp;#39;s stay and New Hamp-&lt;br&gt;shire&amp;#39;s pride! He mustn&amp;#39;t get you, Mr. Webster!&lt;br&gt;He mustn&amp;#39;t get you!&amp;quot;      Dan&amp;#39;l Webster looked at the distracted man,&lt;br&gt;all gray and shaking in the firelight, and laid a&lt;br&gt;hand on his shoulder.      &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;m obliged to you, Neighbor Stone,&amp;quot; he said&lt;br&gt;gently. &amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s kindly thought of. But there&amp;#39;s a jug   [36]   on the table and a case in hand. And I never left&lt;br&gt;a jug or a case half finished in my life.&amp;quot;      And just at that moment there was a sharp&lt;br&gt;rap on the door       &amp;quot;Ah,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, very coolly, &amp;quot;I&lt;br&gt;thought your clock was a trifle slow, Neighbor&lt;br&gt;Stone.&amp;quot; He stepped to the door and opened it.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;Come in&amp;quot; he said.       The stranger came in -- very dark and tall he&lt;br&gt;looked in the firelight. He was carrying a box&lt;br&gt;under his arm-a black, japanned box with little&lt;br&gt;air holes in the lid. At the sight of the box, Jabez&lt;br&gt;Stone gave a low cry and shrank into a corner of&lt;br&gt;the room.       &amp;quot;Mr. Webster, I presume,&amp;quot; said the stranger,&lt;br&gt;very polite, but with his eyes glowing like a fox&amp;#39;s&lt;br&gt;deep in the woods.      &amp;quot;Attorney of record for Jabez Stone,&amp;quot; said&lt;br&gt;Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, but his eyes were glowing too.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;Might I ask your name?&amp;quot;   [37]      &amp;ldquo;I&amp;rsquo;ve gone by a good many,&amp;rdquo; said the stranger&lt;br&gt;carelessly. &amp;ldquo;Perhaps Scratch will do for the eve-&lt;br&gt;ning. I&amp;rsquo;m often called that in these regions.&amp;rdquo;      Then he sat down at the table and poured him-&lt;br&gt;self a drink from the jug. The liquor was cold&lt;br&gt;in the jug, but it came steaming into the glass.      &amp;ldquo;And now,&amp;rdquo; said the stranger, smiling and&lt;br&gt;showing his teeth, &amp;ldquo;I shall call upon you, as a&lt;br&gt;law-abiding citizen, to assist me in taking pos-&lt;br&gt;session of my property.&amp;rdquo;      Well, with that the argument began -- and it&lt;br&gt;went hot and heavy. At first, Jabez Stone had&lt;br&gt;a flicker of hope, but when he saw Dan&amp;rsquo;l Web-&lt;br&gt;ster being forced back at point after point, he&lt;br&gt;just sat scrunched in his corner, with his eyes on&lt;br&gt;that japanned box. For there wasn&amp;rsquo;t any doubt&lt;br&gt;as to the deed or the signature -- that was the&lt;br&gt;worst of it. Dan&amp;rsquo;l Webster twisted and turned&lt;br&gt;and thumped his fist on the table, but he couldn&amp;rsquo;t&lt;br&gt;get away from that. He offered to compromise   [38]   the case; the stranger wouldn&amp;#39;t hear of it. He&lt;br&gt;pointed out the property had increased in value,&lt;br&gt;and state senators ought to be worth more; the&lt;br&gt;stranger stuck to the letter of the law. He was a&lt;br&gt;great lawyer, Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, but we know who&amp;#39;s&lt;br&gt;the King of Lawyers, as the Good Book tells us,&lt;br&gt;and it seemed as if, for the first time, Dan&amp;#39;l&lt;br&gt;Webster had met his match.      Finally, the stranger yawned a little. &amp;quot;Your&lt;br&gt;spirited efforts on behalf of your client do you&lt;br&gt;credit, Mr. Webster,&amp;quot; he said, &amp;quot;but if you have&lt;br&gt;no more arguments to adduce, I&amp;#39;m rather pressed&lt;br&gt;for time-&amp;quot; and Jabez Stone shuddered.      Dan&amp;#39;l Webster&amp;#39;s brow looked dark as a thun-&lt;br&gt;dercloud. &amp;quot;Pressed or not, you shall not have&lt;br&gt;this man&amp;quot; he thundered. &amp;quot;Mr. Stone is an&lt;br&gt;American citizen, and no American citizen may&lt;br&gt;be forced into the service of a foreign prince.&lt;br&gt;We fought England for that in &amp;lsquo;12 and we&amp;rsquo;ll&lt;br&gt;fight all hell for it again!&amp;quot;   [39]      &amp;quot;Foreign?&amp;quot; said the stranger. &amp;quot;And who calls&lt;br&gt;me a foreigner?&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Well, I never yet heard of the dev -- of your&lt;br&gt;claiming American citizenship,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l Web-&lt;br&gt;ster with surprise.      &amp;quot;And who with better right?&amp;quot; said the&lt;br&gt;stranger, with one of his terrible smiles. &amp;quot;When&lt;br&gt;the first wrong was done to the first Indian, I&lt;br&gt;was there. When the first slaver put out for the&lt;br&gt;Congo, I stood on her deck. Am I not in your&lt;br&gt;books and stories and beliefs, from the first set-&lt;br&gt;tlements on? Am I not spoken of, still, in every&lt;br&gt;church in New England? &amp;#39;Tis true the North&lt;br&gt;claims me for a Southerner, and the South for a&lt;br&gt;Northerner, but I am neither. I am merely an&lt;br&gt;honest American like yourself-and of the best&lt;br&gt;descent-for, to tell the truth, Mr. Webster,&lt;br&gt;though I don&amp;#39;t like to boast of it, my name is&lt;br&gt;older in this country than yours.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Aha!&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, with the veins   [40]   standing out in his forehead. &amp;quot;Then I stand on&lt;br&gt;the Constitution! I demand a trial for my client!&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;The case is hardly one for an ordinary court,&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;said the stranger, his eyes flickering. &amp;quot;And, in-&lt;br&gt;deed, the lateness of the hour-&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Let it be any court you choose, so it is an&lt;br&gt;American judge and an American jury!&amp;quot; said&lt;br&gt;Dan&amp;#39;l Webster in his pride. &amp;quot;Let it be the quick&lt;br&gt;or the dead; I&amp;#39;ll abide the issue!&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;You have said it,&amp;quot; said the stranger, and&lt;br&gt;pointed his finger at the door. And with that,&lt;br&gt;and all of a sudden, there was a rushing of wind&lt;br&gt;outside and a noise of footsteps. They came, clear&lt;br&gt;and distinct, through the night. And yet, they&lt;br&gt;were not like the footsteps of living men.      &amp;quot;In God&amp;#39;s name, who comes by so late?&amp;quot; cried&lt;br&gt;Jabez Stone, in an ague of fear.      &amp;quot;The jury Mr. Webster demands,&amp;quot; said the&lt;br&gt;stranger, sipping at his boiling glass. &amp;quot;You must&lt;br&gt;pardon the rough appearance of one or two;&lt;br&gt;they will have come a long way.&amp;quot;   &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;      &lt;br&gt;&lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;IV&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;[43]   &lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;AND WITH THAT THE FIRE BURNED BLUE AND THE&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;door blew open and twelve men entered, one&lt;br&gt;by one.      If Jabez Stone had been sick with terror be-&lt;br&gt;fore, he was blind with terror now. For there&lt;br&gt;was Walter Butler, the loyalist, who spread fire&lt;br&gt;and horror through the Mohawk Valley in the&lt;br&gt;times of the Revolution; and there was Simon&lt;br&gt;Girty, the renegade, who saw white men burned&lt;br&gt;at the stake and whooped with the Indians to&lt;br&gt;see them burn. His eyes were green, like a cata-&lt;br&gt;mount&amp;#39;s, and the stains on his hunting shirt did   [44]   not come from the blood of the deer. King Philip&lt;br&gt;was there, wild and proud as he had been in&lt;br&gt;life, with the great gash in his head that gave&lt;br&gt;him his death wound, and cruel Governor Dale,&lt;br&gt;who broke men on the wheel. There was Morton&lt;br&gt;of Merry Mount, who so vexed the Plymouth&lt;br&gt;Colony, with his flushed, loose, handsome face&lt;br&gt;and his hate of the godly. There was Teach, the&lt;br&gt;bloody pirate, with his black beard curling on&lt;br&gt;his breast. The Reverend John Smeet, with his&lt;br&gt;strangler&amp;#39;s hands and his Geneva gown, walked&lt;br&gt;as daintily as he had to the gallows. The red&lt;br&gt;print of the rope was still around his neck, but&lt;br&gt;he carried a perfumed handkerchief in one hand.&lt;br&gt;One and all, they came into the room with the&lt;br&gt;fires of hell still upon them, and the stranger&lt;br&gt;named their names and their deeds as they came,&lt;br&gt;till the tale of twelve was told. Yet the stranger&lt;br&gt;had told the truth-they had all played a part&lt;br&gt;in America.   [45]      &amp;quot;Are you satisfied with the jury, Mr. Web-&lt;br&gt;ster?&amp;quot; said the stranger mockingly, when they&lt;br&gt;had taken their places.      The sweat stood upon Dan&amp;#39;l Webster&amp;#39;s brow,&lt;br&gt;but his voice was clear.      &amp;quot;Quite satisfied,&amp;quot; he said. &amp;quot;Though I miss&lt;br&gt;General Arnold from the company.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Benedict Arnold is engaged upon other busi-&lt;br&gt;ness,&amp;quot; said the stranger, with a glower. &amp;quot;Ah, you&lt;br&gt;asked for a justice, I believe.&amp;quot;      He pointed his finger once more, and a tall&lt;br&gt;man, soberly clad in Puritan garb, with the burn-&lt;br&gt;ing gaze of the fanatic, stalked into the room&lt;br&gt;and took his judge&amp;#39;s place.      &amp;quot;Justice Hathorne is a jurist of experience,&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;said the stranger. &amp;quot;He presided at certain witch&lt;br&gt;trials once held in Salem. There were others&lt;br&gt;who repented of the business later, but not he.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Repent of such notable wonders and under-&lt;br&gt;takings?&amp;quot; said the stern old justice. &amp;quot;Nay, hang   [46]   them-hang them all!&amp;quot; And he muttered to him-&lt;br&gt;self in a way that struck ice into the soul of Jabez&lt;br&gt;Stone.      Then the trial began, and, as you might ex-&lt;br&gt;pect, it didn&amp;#39;t look anyways good for the defense.&lt;br&gt;And Jabez Stone didn&amp;#39;t make much of a witness&lt;br&gt;in his own behalf. He took one look at Simon&lt;br&gt;Girty and screeched, and they had to put him&lt;br&gt;back in his corner in a kind of swoon.      It didn&amp;#39;t halt the trial, though; the trial went&lt;br&gt;on, as trials do. Dan&amp;#39;l Webster had faced some&lt;br&gt;hard juries and hanging judges in his time, but&lt;br&gt;this was the hardest he&amp;#39;d ever faced, and he knew&lt;br&gt;it. They sat there with a kind of glitter in their&lt;br&gt;eyes, and the stranger&amp;#39;s smooth voice went on&lt;br&gt;and on. Every time he&amp;#39;d raise an objection, it&amp;#39;d&lt;br&gt;be &amp;quot;Objection sustained,&amp;quot; but whenever Dan&amp;#39;l&lt;br&gt;objected, it&amp;#39;d be &amp;quot;Objection denied.&amp;quot; Well, you&lt;br&gt;couldn&amp;#39;t expect fair play from a fellow like this&lt;br&gt;Mr. Scratch.   [47]      It got to Dan&amp;#39;l in the end, and he began to&lt;br&gt;heat, like iron in the forge. When he got up to&lt;br&gt;speak he was going to flay that stranger with&lt;br&gt;every trick known to the law, and the judge and&lt;br&gt;jury too. He didn&amp;#39;t care if it was contempt of&lt;br&gt;court or what would happen to him for it. He&lt;br&gt;didn&amp;#39;t care any more what happened to Jabez&lt;br&gt;Stone. He just got madder and madder, think-&lt;br&gt;ing of what he&amp;#39;d say. And yet, curiously enough,&lt;br&gt;the more he thought about it, the less he was&lt;br&gt;able to arrange his speech in his mind.   Till, finally, it was time for him to get up on&lt;br&gt;his feet, and he did so, all ready to bust out with&lt;br&gt;lightnings and denunciations. But before he&lt;br&gt;started he looked over the judge and jury for a&lt;br&gt;moment, such being his custom. And he noticed&lt;br&gt;the glitter in their eyes was twice as strong as&lt;br&gt;before, and they all leaned forward. Like hounds&lt;br&gt;just before they get the fox, they looked, and&lt;br&gt;the blue mist of evil in the room thickened as   [48]   he watched them. Then he saw what he&amp;#39;d been&lt;br&gt;about to do, and he wiped his forehead, as a&lt;br&gt;man might who&amp;#39;s just escaped falling into a pit&lt;br&gt;in the dark.      For it was him they&amp;#39;d come for, not only Jabez&lt;br&gt;Stone. He read it in the glitter of their eyes and&lt;br&gt;in the way the stranger hid his mouth with one&lt;br&gt;hand. And if he fought them with their own&lt;br&gt;weapons, he&amp;#39;d fall into their power; he knew&lt;br&gt;that, though he couldn&amp;#39;t have told you how. It&lt;br&gt;was his own anger and horror that burned in&lt;br&gt;their eyes; and he&amp;#39;d have to wipe that out or the&lt;br&gt;case was lost. He stood there for a moment, his&lt;br&gt;black eyes burning like anthracite. And then he&lt;br&gt;began to speak.      He started off in a low voice, though you could&lt;br&gt;hear every word. They say he could call on the&lt;br&gt;harps of the blessed when he chose. And this&lt;br&gt;was-just as simple and easy as a man could talk.&lt;br&gt;But he didn&amp;#39;t start out by condemning or revil-   [49]   ing. He was talking about the things that make&lt;br&gt;a country a country, and a man a man.      And he began with the simple things that&lt;br&gt;everybody&amp;#39;s known and felt-the freshness of a&lt;br&gt;fine morning when you&amp;#39;re young, and the taste of&lt;br&gt;food when you&amp;#39;re hungry, and the new day that&amp;#39;s&lt;br&gt;every day when you&amp;#39;re a child. He took them&lt;br&gt;up and he turned them in his hands. They were&lt;br&gt;good.things for any man. But without freedom,&lt;br&gt;they sickened. And when he talked of those en-&lt;br&gt;slaved, and the sorrows of slavery, his voice got&lt;br&gt;like a big bell. He talked of the early days of&lt;br&gt;America and the men who had made those days.&lt;br&gt;It wasn&amp;#39;t a spread-eagle speech, but he made you&lt;br&gt;see it. He admitted all the wrong that had ever&lt;br&gt;been done. But he showed how, out of the wrong&lt;br&gt;and the right, the suffering and the starvations,&lt;br&gt;something new had come. And everybody had&lt;br&gt;played a part in it, even the traitors.      Then he turned to Jabez Stone and showed   [50]   him as he was-an ordinary man who&amp;#39;d had hard&lt;br&gt;luck and wanted to change it. And, because he&amp;#39;d&lt;br&gt;wanted to change it, now he was going to be&lt;br&gt;punished for all eternity. And yet there was good&lt;br&gt;in Jabez Stone, and he showed that good. He&lt;br&gt;was hard and mean, in some ways, but he was&lt;br&gt;a man. There was sadness in being a man, but it&lt;br&gt;was a proud thing too. And he showed what the&lt;br&gt;pride of it was till you couldn&amp;#39;t help feeling it.&lt;br&gt;Yes, even in hell, if a man was a man, you&amp;#39;d&lt;br&gt;know it. And he wasn&amp;#39;t pleading for any one&lt;br&gt;person any more, though his voice rang like an&lt;br&gt;organ. He was telling the story and the failures&lt;br&gt;and the endless journey of mankind. They got&lt;br&gt;tricked and trapped and bamboozled, but it was&lt;br&gt;a great journey. And no demon that was ever&lt;br&gt;foaled could know the inwardness of it-it took&lt;br&gt;a man to do that.   &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;      &lt;br&gt;&lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;V&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;[53]   &lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;THE FIRE BEGAN TO DIE ON THE HEARTH AND THE&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;wind before morning to blow. The light was&lt;br&gt;getting gray in the room when Dan&amp;#39;l Webster&lt;br&gt;finished. And his words came back at the end&lt;br&gt;to New Hampshire ground, and the one spot of&lt;br&gt;land that each man loves and clings to. He&lt;br&gt;painted a picture of that, and to each one of that&lt;br&gt;jury he spoke of things long forgotten. For his&lt;br&gt;voice could search the heart, and that was his&lt;br&gt;gift and his strength. And to one, his voice was&lt;br&gt;like the forest and its secrecy, and to another&lt;br&gt;like the sea and the storms of the sea; and one&lt;br&gt;heard the cry of his lost nation in it, and another   [54]   saw a little harmless scene he hadn&amp;#39;t remem-&lt;br&gt;bered for years. But each saw something. And&lt;br&gt;when Dan&amp;#39;l Webster finished he didn&amp;#39;t know&lt;br&gt;whether or not he&amp;#39;d saved Jabez Stone. But he&lt;br&gt;knew he&amp;#39;d done a miracle. For the glitter was&lt;br&gt;gone from the eyes of judge and jury, and, for&lt;br&gt;the moment, they were men again, and knew&lt;br&gt;they were men.      &amp;quot;The defense rests,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, and&lt;br&gt;stood there like a mountain. His ears were still&lt;br&gt;ringing with his speech, and he didn&amp;#39;t hear any&lt;br&gt;thing else till he heard judge Hathorne say,&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;The jury will retire to consider its verdict.&amp;quot;      Walter Butler rose in his place and his face&lt;br&gt;had a dark, gay pride on it.   &amp;quot;The jury has considered its verdict,&amp;quot; he said,&lt;br&gt;and looked the stranger full in the eye. &amp;quot;We find&lt;br&gt;for the defendant, Jabez Stone.&amp;quot;      With that, the smile left the stranger&amp;#39;s face,&lt;br&gt;but Walter Butler did not flinch.   [55]      &amp;quot;Perhaps &amp;#39;tis not strictly in accordance with&lt;br&gt;the evidence,&amp;quot; he said, &amp;quot;but even the damned&lt;br&gt;may salute the eloquence of Mr. Webster.&amp;quot;      With that, the long crow of a rooster split the&lt;br&gt;gray morning sky, and judge and jury were gone&lt;br&gt;from the room like a puff of smoke and as if they&lt;br&gt;had never been there. The stranger turned to&lt;br&gt;Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, smiling wryly. &amp;quot;Major Butler&lt;br&gt;was always a bold man,&amp;quot; he said. &amp;quot;I had not&lt;br&gt;thought him quite so bold. Nevertheless, my&lt;br&gt;congratulations, as between two gentlemen.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;ll have that paper first, if you please,&amp;quot; said&lt;br&gt;Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, and he took it and tore it into&lt;br&gt;four pieces. It was queerly warm to the touch.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;And now,&amp;quot; he said, &amp;quot;I&amp;#39;ll have you!&amp;quot; and his&lt;br&gt;hand came down like a bear trap on the stranger&amp;#39;s&lt;br&gt;arm. For he knew that once you bested anybody&lt;br&gt;like Mr. Scratch in fair fight, his power on you&lt;br&gt;was gone. And he could see that Mr. Scratch&lt;br&gt;knew it too.   [56]      The stranger twisted and wriggled, but he&lt;br&gt;couldn&amp;#39;t get out of that grip. &amp;quot;Come, come, Mr.&lt;br&gt;Webster,&amp;quot; he said, smiling palely. &amp;quot;This sort of&lt;br&gt;thing is ridic-ouch!-is ridiculous. If you&amp;#39;re&lt;br&gt;worried about the costs of the case, naturally, I&amp;#39;d&lt;br&gt;be glad to pay-&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;And so you shall!&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, shak-&lt;br&gt;ing him till his teeth rattled. &amp;quot;For you&amp;#39;ll sit right&lt;br&gt;down at that table and draw up a document,&lt;br&gt;promising never to bother Jabez Stone nor his&lt;br&gt;heirs or assigns nor any other New Hampshire&lt;br&gt;man till doomsday! For any hades we want to&lt;br&gt;raise in this state, we can raise ourselves, with&lt;br&gt;out assistance from strangers.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Ouch!&amp;quot; said the stranger. &amp;quot;Ouch! Well, they&lt;br&gt;never did run very big to the barrel, but-ouch!&lt;br&gt;-I agree!&amp;quot;      So he sat down and drew up the document.&lt;br&gt;But Dan&amp;#39;l Webster kept his hand on his coat&lt;br&gt;collar all the time.   [57]      &amp;quot;And, now, may I go?&amp;quot; said the stranger, quite&lt;br&gt;humble, when Dan&amp;#39;l&amp;#39;d seen the document was&lt;br&gt;in proper and legal form.      &amp;quot;Go?&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l, giving him another shake.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;I&amp;#39;m still trying to figure out what I&amp;#39;ll do with&lt;br&gt;you. For you&amp;#39;ve settled the costs of the case, but&lt;br&gt;you haven&amp;#39;t settled with me. I think I&amp;#39;ll take you&lt;br&gt;back to Marshfield,&amp;quot; he said, kind of reflective.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;I&amp;#39;ve got a ram there named Goliath that can&lt;br&gt;butt through an iron door. I&amp;#39;d kind of like to&lt;br&gt;turn you loose in his field and see what he&amp;#39;d do.&amp;quot;      Well, with that the stranger began to beg and&lt;br&gt;to plead. And he begged and he pled so hum-&lt;br&gt;ble that finally Dan&amp;#39;l, who was naturally kind-&lt;br&gt;hearted, agreed to let him go. The stranger&lt;br&gt;seemed terrible grateful for that and said, just&lt;br&gt;to show they were friends, he&amp;#39;d tell Dan&amp;#39;l&amp;#39;s for-&lt;br&gt;tune before leaving. So Dan&amp;#39;l agreed to that,&lt;br&gt;though he didn&amp;#39;t take much stock in fortune-&lt;br&gt;tellers ordinarily.   [58]      But, naturally, the stranger was a little dif-&lt;br&gt;ferent. Well, he pried and he peered at the line&lt;br&gt;in Dan&amp;#39;l&amp;#39;s hands. And he told him one thing and&lt;br&gt;another that was quite remarkable. But they&lt;br&gt;were all in the past.      &amp;quot;Yes, all that&amp;#39;s true, and it happened,&amp;quot; said&lt;br&gt;Dan&amp;#39;l Webster. &amp;quot;But what&amp;#39;s to come in the fu-&lt;br&gt;ture?&amp;quot;      The stranger grinned, kind of happily, and&lt;br&gt;shook his head. &amp;quot;The future&amp;#39;s not as you think&lt;br&gt;it,&amp;quot; he said. &amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s dark. You have a great ambi-&lt;br&gt;tion, Mr. Webster.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;I have,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l firmly, for everybody&lt;br&gt;knew he wanted to be President.      &amp;quot;It seems almost within your grasp,&amp;quot; said the&lt;br&gt;stranger, &amp;quot;but you will not attain it. Lesser men&lt;br&gt;will be made President and you will be passed&lt;br&gt;over.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;And, if I am, I&amp;#39;ll still be Daniel Webster,&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;said Dan&amp;#39;l. &amp;quot;Say on.&amp;quot;   [59]      &amp;quot;You have two strong sons,&amp;quot; said the stranger,&lt;br&gt;shaking his head. &amp;quot;You look to found a line.&lt;br&gt;But each will die in war and neither reach great-&lt;br&gt;ness.&amp;rdquo;      &amp;quot;Live or die, they are still my sons,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l&lt;br&gt;Webster. &amp;quot;Say on.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;You have made great speeches,&amp;quot; said the&lt;br&gt;stranger. &amp;quot;You will make more.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Ah,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l Webster.      &amp;quot;But the last great speech you make will turn&lt;br&gt;many of your own against you,&amp;quot; said the stranger.&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;They will call you Ichabod; they will call you&lt;br&gt;by other names. Even in New England some&lt;br&gt;will say you have turned your coat and sold your&lt;br&gt;country, and their voices will be loud against&lt;br&gt;you till you die.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;So it is an honest speech, it does not matter&lt;br&gt;what men say,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l Webster. Then he&lt;br&gt;looked at the stranger and their glances locked.   &amp;quot;One question,&amp;quot; he said. &amp;quot;I have fought for   [60]   the Union all my life. Will I see that fight won&lt;br&gt;against those who would tear it apart?&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Not while you live,&amp;quot; said the stranger, grimly,&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;but it will be won. And after you are dead,&lt;br&gt;there are thousands who will fight for your cause,&lt;br&gt;because of words that you spoke.&amp;quot;      &amp;quot;Why, then, you long-barreled, slab-sided,&lt;br&gt;lantern-jawed, fortune-telling note shaver!&amp;quot; said&lt;br&gt;Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, with a great roar of laughter, &amp;quot;be&lt;br&gt;off with you to your own place before I put my&lt;br&gt;mark on you! For, by the thirteen original colo-&lt;br&gt;nies, I&amp;#39;d go to the Pit itself to save the Union!&amp;quot;      And with that he drew back his foot for a kick&lt;br&gt;that would have stunned a horse. It was only the&lt;br&gt;tip of his shoe that caught the stranger, but he&lt;br&gt;went flying out of the door with his collecting&lt;br&gt;box under his arm.      &amp;quot;And now,&amp;quot; said Dan&amp;#39;l Webster, seeing Jabez&lt;br&gt;Stone beginning to rouse from his swoon, &amp;quot;let&amp;#39;s&lt;br&gt;see what&amp;#39;s left in the jug, for it&amp;#39;s dry work talk-   [61]   ing all night. I hope there&amp;#39;s pie for breakfast,&lt;br&gt;Neighbor Stone.&amp;quot;      But they say that whenever the devil comes&lt;br&gt;near Marshfield, even now, he gives it a wide&lt;br&gt;berth. And he hasn&amp;#39;t been seen in the state of&lt;br&gt;New Hampshire from that day to this. I&amp;#39;m not&lt;br&gt;talking about Massachusetts or Vermont. &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>DECORATION DAY</title><link>http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/DECORATION+DAY</link><author>Veggy</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://veggy.wetpaint.com/page/DECORATION+DAY</guid><pubDate>Mon, 19 Feb 2007 00:20:18 CST</pubDate><description>&lt;i&gt;John William Corrington&lt;/i&gt;   I   &lt;br&gt;     The rain had been coming and going all afternoon, but I paid it no mind. It was early October, still warm, and the fish were moving well. I had worked most of the western shore of the lake before I decided it was time to go in, turn on the TV news, and find out what I had managed to sidestep that day.  &lt;br&gt;     Supper was in the boat. Half a dozen goggle-eyes, and a pair of red-ears running close to three-quarters of a pound. With that much done, I was considering how to spend my evening once the news was past and the sun gone down. I was halfway through Berlioz&amp;rsquo; &lt;i&gt;Memoirs&lt;/i&gt; and more than half through the sixth volume of Livy. I had in mind reading Berlioz and listening to &lt;i&gt;Les Troyens&lt;/i&gt;. On the other hand, I could do any damned thing that pleased me. &lt;br&gt;     You see, in those fine autumn days, I was recently retired from the bench. I had had my day and then some. It was my plan to spend the balance of my allotted time in a determined assault, late and early, on the bass and perch in Wallace Lake. No one living had any claim on me, and if I decided later to skip the reading and listening and do some night fishing, I could do that, too. &lt;br&gt;     Well, I thought I could. But when I pulled into my little dock on the edge of a patch of punk cypress trees, I could see a car parked up by the house. It seemed to me I knew the car, but I couldn&amp;rsquo;t place it at first. I took my time tying up the boat, raising the motor, breaking down the fly-rod and packing my tackle box. I wasn&amp;rsquo;t in any hurry. Maybe whoever it was would get tired of waiting and go away. There was no one I wanted to see. All my bills were paid up. There was nothing I needed, and I couldn&amp;rsquo;t think of a reason why anybody would drive twenty miles out of Shreveport to come visiting. As I walked up to the house, I reckoned whoever it was could count on one hell of a lot shorter audience than he&amp;rsquo;d be likely to get with the Pope. &lt;br&gt;     But just then Loreen turned the corner of the house and started down toward the water to the east. She reached the grassy bank and stood looking out over the lake. I stood, arms full of fishing gear, looking at her. &lt;br&gt;      Loreen Wendell. Wife of my godson, Billy Wendell. Billy had never been what you&amp;rsquo;d call a ladies&amp;rsquo; man, but he had got next to Loreen Shannon in grade school and never looked back. Loreen must have been thirty-five now, but with that late autumn sun playing around her like a glory, shimmering on her light brown hair, she looked a lot closer to  &lt;br&gt;2   &lt;br&gt;eighteen. She still had a girl&amp;rsquo;s body and dark eyes a man could lose himself in, and she had the troublesome effect on me of bringing to mind that fishing was not the whole purpose of man. Maybe not even of worn-out, broken-down, early-retired man. &lt;br&gt;     I had known Loreen from the time Billy brought her home to his twelfth birthday party, but I had never gotten quite used to her. She didn&amp;rsquo;t mean to be disturbing. She just naturally was. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Hello, honey, I said, walking past her toward the house. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Albert, she answered, and came along with me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Hardly recognized you, I lied. &amp;ndash;Thought it was some young girl come out from town to read law . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s closer than you think, she said, looking grim, her eyes set dead ahead as if she&amp;rsquo;d come for some purely unpleasant task and had just as soon not look at me any sooner than the case required. &lt;br&gt;     We got inside, and I gutted and scaled and wrapped the fish and threw them in the icebox. There was good chicory coffee in a pot at the back of the stove, and I poured us each a cup. Loreen smoked one cigarette down and lit another off it. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Listen, Albert, she started, &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t want to get into anything with you . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Aw hell, I said. &amp;ndash;When I saw you&amp;rsquo;d come over by yourself, I thought you and me might . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Not funny, she said, and began to cry. &lt;br&gt;     When you are nearing sixty years, you have surely had reason to feel like a fool often enough for it not to be a novelty. But watching her, I wondered just what I had said that caused her to cry. Loreen was, by and large, a happy person. Smart enough to value and enjoy the fabric, the texture, of her country life. Not smart enough to go probing, hurting herself on the slivers of anguish that anyone can find just under the surface of the very best kind of life there is. &lt;br&gt;     She tried to drink some of the coffee and damned near choked on it when another squall of tears came along just as she was swallowing. I handed her a cup towel. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t expect you to represent me, she finally managed to say, still trying to hold off those gusts of emotion that blew through her every moment or so. &amp;ndash;I just want the name of a good lawyer. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;A good . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I hear tell divorce lawyers are the everlasting pits. They try to lay you when you walk in the door. I don&amp;rsquo;t need that. And if I was to get that, you&amp;rsquo;d have to find me a &lt;i&gt;really&lt;/i&gt; good lawyer, because I&amp;rsquo;d murder the first sonofabitch . . . &lt;br&gt;     I said something. I can&amp;rsquo;t remember what. Most likely one of those bromides that every last one of us called to the bar fabricates to keep  &lt;br&gt;3   &lt;br&gt;from accidentally saying anything true or useful, to serve in a hundred situations passably, and never well in one. I must have asked her had she really thought about it&amp;ndash;it being obvious that she&amp;rsquo;d been thinking of nothing else. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Don&amp;rsquo;t start in. I never came over here to get in it with you. A name. All I want is a name. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Don Lorio . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Sounds greasy. He&amp;rsquo;ll try to lay me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He&amp;rsquo;s a Catholic deacon. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He&amp;rsquo;ll tell me about Jesus while he tries to lay me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, Don&amp;rsquo;s all right. He . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Never mind. He&amp;rsquo;ll have to do if you say so. You wouldn&amp;rsquo;t send me to a shyster. Thank you. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Loreen . . . &lt;br&gt;     She shook her head, threw down her coffee, kissed me on the cheek and left before I could even get up and see her out. &lt;br&gt;II   &lt;br&gt;     It was still light when I finished cleaning up after supper. I had Brahms&amp;rsquo; First Piano Quartet playing as loud as I could stand it, which I suppose meant I was feeling decent but pensive. For months I had been considering sitting down to write a treatise on legal philosophy. At an exalted level. &lt;i&gt;From Logos to Lex to Law&lt;/i&gt;, I thought I would call it. It would probe the archaic depths of the legal tradition&amp;ndash;not as a bag of statutes and rules, but as a spiritual structure. I could be certain that no practicing lawyer worth his salt would read it. I liked that. &lt;br&gt;     As I wiped down the table and threw away fish heads and tails, my mind kept slipping out of gear, and I would find myself thinking of Billy and Loreen. But I let that go. I was not in that line of work any more. I do not give advice, and I am not of counsel. I am not in any line of work at all. I am retired, I thought. Yes indeed, I still hold my Bar membership. Half sentiment and half mistrust in the worth of my investments. You never know. But just then I had no mind to do a damned thing but read Berlioz, listen to whatever struck my fancy when Brahms was done, and maybe stare at the beamed ceiling, planning an arcane legal history that had about one chance in a thousand of ever being written. &lt;br&gt;     After all, I was only six or eight months into the enjoyment of having neither kin nor clerk to vex me. I had retired from the bench in good order. Judge Albert Sidney Johnston Finch, First Judicial Court, Parish of Caddo, State of Louisiana. A man some judged to be of taste and refinement, decent reputation and good family. An owner of land south of Shreveport. Not a great deal of land. Only what my father had been  &lt;br&gt;4   &lt;br&gt;able to pull through the wringer of the Depression, and a few more acres added in parcels of ten or twenty when they might come up for sale over that long half-century past. Yes, retired and well out of it. While my former colleagues heard axe-murderers explain why they had no choice and child-molesters argue their right to prepubescent romance, I fished most of every day. While my old friends sat listening to the crumbling of the structure of western civilization, I would sit out on my porch with a gin and tonic and a book and consider the longer view. And when those joys began to pall, I would think about getting down to it, gathering my materials, and writing my designedly impenetrable book. &lt;br&gt;     In any case, I was surely and adamantly retired. No more car thieves and pigeon-droppers, chicken-geeks and soft-tissue injuries. I was done with them and they with me. Not another eviction or foreclosure. Never a motion &lt;i&gt;in limine&lt;/i&gt; or one more garnishment. If what I had was not the peace that passeth understanding, it would have to do till I was subpoenaed by a Higher Jurisdiction. &lt;br&gt;     When the kitchen was at least clean enough to pass Rowena&amp;rsquo;s muster the next morning, I mixed myself a light bourbon and water and walked out onto the porch to examine the quality of the evening. &lt;br&gt;     There is a gallery all around my house. I can choose my exposure&amp;ndash;which is a great deal more than I could do as lawyer or judge. I can measure the shifting of the sun through the seasons as the Babylonians did, and seek there one of the great sources of order in the dream of our lives. I can fall asleep if I choose to, and sprawl snoring in my chair alone, untended, unconcerned. At least till the next morning when Rowena arrives to clean up the place and begins to raise hell.  &lt;br&gt;     I would be rid of Rowena if I could. She is ancient, black, and wrinkled as an iguana. She is testy, impertinent, and armed with a tongue like a chain saw. This manner of hers is no late and sorry side effect of the civil rights debacle. By no means. The surly manner and impudent demeanor Rowena exhibits now was in place fifty years ago when she worked for my mother. Rowena was what she is today when she worked for Victoria and me after my mother died, worked for us through our whole married life. &lt;br&gt;     I remember that night years ago when Rowena came to me as I waited for word of the birth of my first child. She told me there was no child&amp;ndash;no living child&amp;ndash;and that there would be no other forthcoming. That Victoria and I would have to make do with our own love which, Rowena allowed, seemed good enough to her, considering the general state of things. Twenty-five years later, she had closed Victoria&amp;rsquo;s eyes when I could not raise my hand to do it. &lt;br&gt;     I believe Rowena would be shut of me, too, if she could calculate a way to manage it short of poisoning or allowing me to smother in my  &lt;br&gt;5   &lt;br&gt;own refuse. But she cannot, and as she told me one afternoon drunk on kitchen wine after hearing that her grandson had been killed by police in Oakland, California, it is far too late for her to take on some other responsibility. At least with me, she said, all the vices were well known to her and none of such a character that a decent Christian woman could not ignore them. She had spoken favorably that afternoon of the fact that I had neither succumbed to drink nor filled the house with whores after we buried Victoria. &lt;br&gt;     And so, you see, Rowena and I are stuck with one another, both fearing what our people would say were either of us to betray that unspoken compact of half a century&amp;rsquo;s standing. Rowena and I believe in our quaint way that we will be face to face with those people of ours again in Glory, and we would both as soon minimize explanations for shameful conduct and get on with the Great Reunion when that latter day comes upon us. &lt;br&gt;     We are not fanatics about this. Rowena has her social security and I have my judicial pension. But the fact of the matter is that we would not know how to part, to say goodbye, to set ourselves on paths where we would never meet again. So we have tacitly decided to go along with one another and see if we can make it a century. Though she despises my habits and my loud music and my long silences, and I cannot bear her constant and exhaustive reports on the state of the parish and the climate of rural black opinion therein, we do the best we can. One may hope that this sort of thing continues down the ages to the judgment&amp;ndash;if for no better reason than to set liberals&amp;rsquo; teeth on edge. &lt;br&gt;     Still, Rowena goes home at night, and I have the run of the place. To read of the travels of itinerant musicians, the metaphysical dreams of the Greeks, the &lt;i&gt;libido dominandi &lt;/i&gt;of the Romans. To listen to the living spirits of Haydn and Mozart. And to remember how it was little more than a year ago when Victoria was still alive. And so was I. &lt;br&gt;     That evening I was on the porch with my whiskey, a decent sunset, and looming out ahead, a fine empty evening to fill. It was my hope and intention in those days to go forward with the retirement thing until, one bright morning, Rowena would show up grumbling and cursing her aching bones, shut off my stereo, search the premises for me, and find me at last right there in my chair, on my porch, Homer or Ariosto in hand, smiling, and dead as a mackerel. I took considerable pleasure in imagining her chagrin when, checking me over and lifting my cold eyelid, she would be forced to the conclusion that I had beaten her out of this mean world and would be rendering my report to all the Departed before she could get in a word on her own.  &lt;br&gt;     As I was drinking and idly pondering that conceit, I saw headlights coming up the dirt road toward the house. This is somebody wanting  &lt;br&gt;6   &lt;br&gt;directions, I said to myself, knowing that I was a notorious liar. They have the wrong place, I essayed, and I will direct them on their way, bid them good evening, and then get on inside to Berlioz. Or Livy. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;How you doing, Uncle Albert, Billy Wendell asked me, dropping into that other chair that I keep on the porch to save appearances, but regarding which I made a mental note to break up and burn as soon as I could get Billy out of it and gone home in his pickup. I smiled and said I was fine. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Reckon I could have a water-glass of that? Straight? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Sure. You looking for Loreen? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Shit no. And she ain&amp;rsquo;t looking for me, neither.  &lt;br&gt;     We walked inside and I poured him a slug of whiskey that might have floored the Demiurge. He drank it down distractedly and set the glass back on the table. Convention dictated that I pour him another. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;She come by here, didn&amp;rsquo;t she? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;She did. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Told you all manner of shit about me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Not a word. You want a chaser? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;How come you ask me that?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Because you&amp;rsquo;re most of the way through a half pint of good whiskey, Billy. Some men would take a little water. How about a beer? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Sorry, Albert. It&amp;rsquo;s just that . . . that&amp;rsquo;s what she called me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;A . . . chaser. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Ah . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Ah what? Look, I got business with you. I don&amp;rsquo;t need no hard time. I&amp;rsquo;m up to my ass in hard times.  &lt;br&gt;     No reason not to believe him. Billy Wendell is what we call a planter here in North Louisiana. He owns somewhere between four and five thousand acres of prime land good for cotton, soybeans, corn, whatever. Still, there are more hard times than easy when a man lives off the land. It is old family land, and no one in this part of the parish can remember when a Wendell didn&amp;rsquo;t own it. Rowena reported to my mother years ago that old man Wendell, Billy&amp;rsquo;s grandfather, had told a local banker that he would blow his head off and follow him to Calcutta to do it if, in those hard times, the banker attempted to foreclose on so much as an acre of Wendell land. I expect that is true. And I expect the old man would have done it, too. Done it and, knowing Caddo Parish juries, walked out of court a free man. Why not blow a banker away? If you let them take your land, there&amp;rsquo;s nothing left to live for anyhow. &lt;br&gt;     Billy and I walked back out on the porch. It was full dark by then and a touch of autumn chill was in the air. Billy carried the bottle with him. &lt;br&gt;7   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m not going to represent you, I told him. Maybe that would end it and I could get on with Berlioz. Or Livy? Not a chance. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You ain&amp;rsquo;t even heard what it is that . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You going to show me pictures of what you&amp;rsquo;ve been humping on the side? Boy, you work it out with Loreen. You can&amp;rsquo;t do any better. You all have three children . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Look, Billy blurted, a little desperately. &amp;ndash;Would you just let that lie? I didn&amp;rsquo;t even know she was gonna come over here and air all the dirty wash . . . Look at this.  &lt;br&gt;     He handed me a wrinkled, soiled letter that he must have been carrying stuffed into the springs of his pickup. It was on that peculiar 8 x 10 off-brand stationery that federal agencies like to affect just to spite us helots&amp;ndash;or perhaps to show solidarity with their English bureaucratic brethren. It would be interesting to know what size paper they use for official documents in Moscow.  &lt;br&gt;     It was from some office of a branch of a commission of the Department of Defense and, as you might suppose, it was written in pidgin argot with the consistency of molasses and the density of lead. As a lawyer, I had ruefully to admire it. If making certain that no unambiguous and forthright communication took place was its intent, it ranked with certain writs, petitions, and contracts I had read in which absolutely nothing was revealed. Another reading made probable that the document had some bearing on a military decoration and the Second World War and . . . &lt;br&gt;     Then I looked at the heading. It wasn&amp;rsquo;t addressed to Billy Wendell as I had assumed. &lt;br&gt;       &amp;ndash;Gaspard Penniwell, I said. &amp;ndash;What is this? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Just what it says. It&amp;rsquo;s to Uncle Gee. I took it over there to him when it turned up in my mailbox. He had me read it to him, then he told me to tell them to stick whatever it was up their ass.  &lt;br&gt;     We went through the letter a few more times and even without a dictionary I was able to make out that the suboffice, et al., in the person of one civilian administrator named Waring, had discovered that Gaspard Penniwell was entitled to a decoration for gallantry in relation to a certain action which had taken place in Belgium in 1944. He would be given transportation (economy class) to Washington and the presentation would be made in a ceremony at the White House, etc. I put down the letter and poured a little more of my own whiskey. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That sonofabitch phoned me today, Billy said glumly, hopelessly. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Which sonofabitch? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Waring. Said he wanted to talk to Uncle Gee and I had better cut the shit. I told him it was half a mile or more down to Gee&amp;rsquo;s and that he didn&amp;rsquo;t walk very good. Then I told him what the old man said, and this  &lt;br&gt;8   &lt;br&gt;here Waring started in on something about civil rights and how he could have the U. S. Attorney all over me and . . . What&amp;rsquo;s peonage, Uncle Albert? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Never mind. What&amp;rsquo;d you tell him?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I told him to fuck a stump. Then I hung up. But I think the old man ought to call him. I mean, even if he don&amp;rsquo;t want the Medal of Honor . . . &lt;br&gt;     That stopped me flat. &amp;ndash;He said . . . the Medal of Honor?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Wasn&amp;rsquo;t much he didn&amp;rsquo;t say. Put it on me I was keeping an old black man from getting his due from his country . . . I don&amp;rsquo;t know what-all. Made me feel like homemade shit. &lt;br&gt;     Billy was slumped in his chair then, the water glass loose in his hand. He rubbed his jaw and shook his head.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Uncle Albert, I don&amp;rsquo;t need this. I don&amp;rsquo;t need it any time at all. But specially not now . . .  &lt;br&gt;     In thirty and some-odd years, I have never known what to do with Billy. I suppose I love him. I know I am supposed to love him. He is my godson, son-in-fact of the best friend I ever had. Who died in a war I somehow lived through, leaving behind a wife to mourn and a son he had never seen. &lt;br&gt;     I do love Billy. But he is not his father. Not Will D. Billy does very well with his place. He loves the land, and what the land requires to prosper is almost exactly gauged to what Billy has to give. Not to put too fine a point on it, Billy Wendell is dumber than dogshit. Not stupid. Possibly not even ignorant. But cursed&amp;ndash;or blessed&amp;ndash;with a narrowness of focus as to the constituents of life that is awesome to behold. If Billy had ever been west of Dallas, north of Memphis, east of Vicksburg or south of New Orleans at that time, he had managed to sneak it past me. Once Loreen suggested that they should go on a visit to New York. Billy looked at her as if she had announced purchase of two first-class fares on the Tau Ceti Galactic Liner. If the problem was weevils or meal worms, leaf-rot or nigger-gone-wild-amongst-the-tenants, Billy was likely to do very well indeed. But his expertise seemed to fall away as he shifted to asphalt road, and to wilt utterly when he came upon a concrete highway. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Look, he said finally from within his slump, &amp;ndash;I shouldn&amp;rsquo;t have come and dumped this mess on you. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;ve got somebody better to dump it on? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No. But you know how it is with us. I mean we&amp;rsquo;re like kin. I ought to go on in town and find me some lawyer and . . . &lt;br&gt;     Billy was right about the first part, anyhow. We are like kin. My people have owned land next to the Wendells as long as there have been Finches in the parish. I have heard our tribe came south from Tennessee before the Purchase, but who knows? Who can tell? Wendells and  &lt;br&gt;9   &lt;br&gt;Finches are autochthonous in these parts. My father and old man Wendell were good friends&amp;ndash;in the old days when good friends might mean the difference between survival and going under. And Will D. had been my best friend&amp;ndash;William Dunlop Wendell III. We had gone down to LSU together in the late thirties, he to learn modern agriculture, I to read the law. We had managed to have ourselves as good a time in Baton Rouge as we had had up home. There is no need to go into detail. The moral wretchedness of college men is well established as of old. &lt;br&gt;     Will D. had come back home a thoroughly modern farmer. I had come back a lawyer&amp;ndash;in itself a vast disappointment to my father. We were landed people, never mind in how small a way. Such folks had no use for advocates who, they thought, generally improved the time sniffing away in musty parish records for the bones of a controversy, hoping to find a flawed title or a questionable succession&amp;ndash;thereby to provoke a jactatory action or some other unpleasantness that might put a man in question of his land. &lt;br&gt;     Still, I put together a little practice in Shreveport, and since everyone took me to be of the same honesty and decency as my father, I did well. I extracted drunken negroes from the clutches of the Caddo Parish sheriff&amp;rsquo;s office and returned them to their rightful possessors who required them for planting or cultivating, and who, not only not reconstructed but not even defeudalized, took umbrage at any operation of law claiming power over their people or their land. I conveyed property and wrote up wills, saw to the interdiction of some few who had lost the delicate thread of sanity and had no one trustworthy to tend them, and sullenly processed such divorces as I could not head off by stern gazes or gentle repetitive diplomacy. &lt;br&gt;     But Will D. and I had hardly gotten ourselves launched on the waters of life when we were plucked out of our chosen puddles. I was crawling on my belly across the snow-chilled soil of France when Will D. went down over Germany with ten other boys in a burning B-17. I never even knew that he was dead until the same Germans filled my hide with pieces of metal, and sent me home to Caddo Parish. &lt;br&gt;     All was changed, changed utterly. Victoria had come down to the railroad station to meet me along with Alethia Wendell, Will D.&amp;rsquo;s wife&amp;ndash;and a tiny sad-eyed boy who had never seen his father, and never would. I was still doped up and the medics were in a hurry to get me from the station to the hospital before whatever they were giving me and had run out of on the train around Little Rock wore off. But when Victoria whispered to me that Will D. was gone, I remember crying out in anguish so loudly that people on the steamy platform turned and stared and wondered at what they doubtless took to be my physical pain. Getting blown up is something you either live through or don&amp;rsquo;t. But  &lt;br&gt;10   &lt;br&gt;there was no medicine or surgery for the wound that Will D.&amp;rsquo;s dying left behind. &lt;br&gt;     So, yes, I expect as the years went by, I was as near a father as Billy Wendell was ever going to have. We would hunt and fish and raise a little modest hell and buy horses and cattle for his land and mine, and when he came of age to do it, Billy Wendell farmed my land as if it were his own, giving me at the end of the year whatever he thought fair. I never had reason to question him on that. Probity is not at last a function of intelligence; it is an aspect of character. Billy and Loreen and Victoria and I had always been close. When it was clear that Victoria could not last much longer, Billy was desolate. He had gone out fishing alone and gotten drunk and fallen into the winter water and almost drowned. Because he could not stay close by without visiting her and could not stand to go into the room and see her wasting, moving quickly by then to the verge of time, and on like a thin chiseled arrow into eternity itself. &lt;br&gt;     It was only in the last year that things had changed between us. I believe I had let things slip after I retired. No, that&amp;rsquo;s wrong. That sounds as if I had just gone slack when I stepped down from the bench. It wasn&amp;rsquo;t like that. I had just moved away a little. Supper with Billy and Loreen less often, shorter visits both ways. Perhaps because whenever the three of us were together, there was always implied the presence of some other, and the bare implication was itself a pain and a mourning. &lt;br&gt;     Or perhaps even more because getting ready for Glory is mostly a matter of cutting loose, moving away, cleaning out cupboards and closets of the soul, letting things slip away. &lt;br&gt;     It is also selfish, isn&amp;rsquo;t it? Because the least of us matters in some way to hosts of others, and many of those others have claims on us. Don&amp;rsquo;t they? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;The Congressional Medal? Hell, Billy, I didn&amp;rsquo;t even know Gee was in the war. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Oh yeah. Momma told me they come for him after you and daddy had gone. He come back before you did. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Even so, you reckon they&amp;rsquo;ve got the wrong man? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s what I told Waring. Then he started in on all that crap about how we treat niggers.  &lt;br&gt;     Gaspard Penniwell. He came back into focus like a genie emerging from a bottle, misty and undefined. We called him Gee. He and his people had worked Wendell land for almost as long as the Wendells had owned it. Rowena, whose recollection is of the style of the Vedic Brahmins, and who has set to memory every rag and scrap and patch of story and tale having to do with anyone in the neighborhood&amp;ndash;and who can and will cough it all up upon no provocation at all&amp;ndash;maintained that  &lt;br&gt;11   &lt;br&gt;a Penniwell, some white man from Pennsylvania, had come to Frierson, Louisiana, in the wake of the Confederate War to make his fortune on the ruin of the people hereabouts. He lasted long enough to father a child or two on some decent colored girl named Gaspard before he was waylaid and dispatched as was the custom then. I have no idea whether this is legend or fact. Nor, I am sure, does Rowena. Her critical standards for incorporating such material into her memory hoard seem to parallel Aristotle&amp;rsquo;s desiderata: better a probable impossibility than a possible improbability, and Lord knows the Penniwell story seemed probable enough. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I sort of remember when he came home, Billy went on. &amp;ndash;I was just a little tad. They brought him out to the place in one of those brown ambulances from Barksdale field. You ever see his belly and legs? Fearless Fosdick. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Fearless Fosdick. All them holes like he was a piece of Swiss cheese. My momma kept him at the house for the longest. She took care of him herself. Folks talked at the time. Lord, she even bathed him. You never saw anything like it. &lt;br&gt;     I tried to pay attention to what Billy was saying, but that genie was rounding off, filling out. Gaspard. Gee. Perhaps ten years older than Will D. and me. Tall, good-looking, strong. One of a handful of blacks that old man Wendell trusted all the way. If I remembered rightly, Gee had become a foreman just before I left for the service. And there was something else, but it wouldn&amp;rsquo;t come back into focus. Why did I think there was something important buried back there under almost fifty years of memories? Never mind. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right, I said. &amp;ndash;So he went and they shot him all to hell and he came home. Now, after over thirty years, they get in a sweat to give him a medal . . . ? &lt;br&gt;     Billy shrugged. &amp;ndash;You know how they are, Uncle Albert. Maybe it&amp;rsquo;s an election coming up. All I know is this Warner or Waring or whatever said he was gonna get on my case. He wanted to know how I was fixed with the IRS and . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What exactly did Gee say when you went by with the letter?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You want it word for word?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That would be nice. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He said they could take their medal and put it where the sun don&amp;rsquo;t shine. Then they could kiss his black ass and bark at the hole. Then he said for me to get off his place or he&amp;rsquo;d take a stick to me . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Mercy . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Listen, Uncle Albert, that&amp;rsquo;s a mean old nigger. He&amp;rsquo;s as good as gold, honest. Hardworking man. But he&amp;rsquo;s mean . . .  &lt;br&gt;12   &lt;br&gt;    Billy got out of the chair then, as well as he could. He was tired and worried and whiskeyed up a little. I told him I&amp;rsquo;d see about the government business for him if he wanted me to. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Thanks, Billy said grimly. &amp;ndash;That way I can study on going crazy about . . . Uncle Albert . . . ?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Did she say anything else? I mean, besides I was . . . a chaser? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;She didn&amp;rsquo;t even say that, I told him. &amp;ndash;She didn&amp;rsquo;t say anything, and she wouldn&amp;rsquo;t let me say anything. She just asked for the name of a good divorce lawyer.  &lt;br&gt;     That broke him down. He stood there wordless, doing whatever it was he did in the way of thinking. Finally he stepped off the porch and walked back to his pickup truck. It took him a little while to find the keys, then he pulled away driving slow. He wasn&amp;rsquo;t in a hurry to get home. If he was even going home.  &lt;br&gt;     Then I went inside and found that I was standing around with an empty mind, considering which of the many delightful things I might do&amp;ndash;none of which I was in any way obliged to do&amp;ndash;that I wanted to do.  &lt;br&gt;     It was a little unsettling to find that I was not eager to pick up Berlioz where I had left him, or to see what next the Romans did on their way to &lt;i&gt;Imperium&lt;/i&gt;. No, Billy&amp;rsquo;s visit following on Loreen&amp;rsquo;s and all this business about Gaspard Penniwell had broken me loose from my routine. It wasn&amp;rsquo;t going to last, of course. I would get done with it as quickly as I could and get back to my books. And if worse came to worst, if I found I couldn&amp;rsquo;t get shut of involvements here in Caddo Parish, I&amp;rsquo;d pick up and move down south. St. Tammany Parish was nice. Good fishing and good people. I had set as an interim judge once down there in Covington.  &lt;br&gt;     But with all that loose clutter passing through my mind, I found that below or behind or above it, I was still thinking of Gee.  &lt;br&gt;     I could remember a time when he had not been mean. I could squint backward through that mist of time past and see him laughing, hands covered with blood on a cold winter afternoon. And Will D. and I were there, and we were laughing, too. What was it? I had been cold and frightened and exultant and . . . Lord, of course. It had been him, Gaspard Penniwell, who had taught us how to shoot, how to hunt. My first deer. I had shot it and gutted it and cleaned it, and we had eaten venison cooked over a fire of hickory branches in a cotton house on old man Wendell&amp;rsquo;s place with the November rain driving outside, and Gee telling us stories about the old days when there were still bear in the parish, and maybe even a few wild boar. &lt;br&gt;     We had been friends, the three of us. Old man Wendell had deputized Gee to teach us how to hunt, how to live in the woods&amp;ndash;and  &lt;br&gt;13   &lt;br&gt;how to minimize the mayhem, the dead cattle and possibly even dead field hands, as we made our uncertain way toward manhood. Gee was older than we were, but not enough older to take it as a chore to see to us when squirrel season came, or when it was time to move out on the big lake and wait for ducks flying south. He loved it all as much as we did, and he was a crack shot. He would let us take the first one, but if we missed, he always managed to do easily what we often could not manage to do at all.  &lt;br&gt;     It should have been Will D.&amp;rsquo;s father or mine or both of them who taught us, but even then the old ways, the passing on of knowledge from father to son, were breaking down not from lack of love or interest in us, but because it was hard to keep things going then, most of all a big piece of cotton land when, cleaned and baled, you almost had to give your cotton away. But it had been all right. Gee had accepted the delegation and enjoyed every minute of it, and for a few years there, people were accustomed to seeing the three of us ranging the land from September, when dove season opened, until spring when everything shut down and we had to shoot at bottles or cans until the next fall.  &lt;br&gt;     The memories kept coming. The time we were in Shreveport buying Will D. a new shotgun and got hungry and wanted to eat, but there was no place in town that would serve the three of us sitting at the same table. At least not until Gee thought of Freeman and Harris&amp;rsquo;s, a colored restaurant where a young black man and a pair of vouched-for white boys could eat together at a table in the kitchen. Ribs and neckbones, rice and gravy and cornbread. I believe the cooks took it up as a matter of pride to show those white boys what they were missing every day, not being able under Louisiana law to walk in the front door of that place, sit down, and order up any time they decided to do so. Stewed chicken and dumplings, hog lips and field peas with what tasted like cracklings broken up in them, all of it served hot from a stove not ten feet away, laid out on a fresh white tablecloth starched stiff and shining as if held back for certain honored guests like us. At the end of the meal, when the three of us were close to falling away from the table, there had been a sweet potato pie.  &lt;br&gt;     Yes, we had been friends, the three of us, in that soft gray dawn of young manhood, which is simultaneously the twilight of childhood and possibly the very best time of all. We had been real friends with no hope of gain or advancement or social necessity or simple sycophancy. Before we came to know the intricacies and bland hypocrisy of living as adults.  &lt;br&gt;     I sat there in the darkness and wondered at the tricks that age and memory and simple repetitive habit can play. Had someone offered me ten thousand dollars for the name of the French town where I had fallen to mortar fire in 1944, I would have had to pass. But I found myself  &lt;br&gt;14   &lt;br&gt;evoking the details of that menu in an obscure black restaurant over forty years ago, and I thought to myself, Perhaps when we are pressed, we remember only the important things.  &lt;br&gt;III   &lt;br&gt;     The next morning, I woke up in my chair, Berlioz unopened on the floor and the stereo still winking its multiple bright red eyes at me. I was lucky. I had awakened early enough to go in and muss up the bed and have myself a cup of coffee before Rowena showed up.  &lt;br&gt;     She threatens a lot. For a while after Victoria died, she had taken to threatening to quit. I knew she wouldn&amp;rsquo;t quit, and she knew I knew it. But what was she to do? She had lost first my mother, who had very nearly raised her&amp;ndash;or had they raised one another?&amp;ndash;and then she had lost Victoria. All she had left was me. Not counting a daughter who had vanished in the wilds of Southern California and was on her seventh marriage the last time she had written to Rowena some six years ago. Threatening to quit was a form of mourning. Her way of letting go, or perhaps an attempt to stay the velocity with which I was going to seed. Men go to hell without women. Every woman knows that. Rowena knew that. But she was a little panicky because she knew she had not the levers of control that my other women had had, only the same responsibilities. What do you do with a man who only shaves once a week, eats a can of chicken soup on a Sunday, then for three days Ritz crackers and sardines? Then perhaps a week or so of nothing but pork and beans and canned pineapple? One who will not socialize or even keep up the appearance of doing so? One who, spurning all his old associates from the judicial estate, had willfully reduced his life to one which is, praise God, bare bones and the acrid air of old times, of history read and re-read and thought upon?  &lt;br&gt;     Rowena, forestalled from direct action, too old to do much cooking, and recognizing (I think) some degree of disparity in our tactical abilities, began discussing the obituary columns with me over sacramentally shared morning coffee. Rather than place recent deaths at the back near the classified ads where more traditional criers might, reports of mortality were front page in Rowena&amp;rsquo;s monologues on the state of the parish. She was partial to stroke, seizure, aphasia, and massive sudden cardiac arrest. She also favored the occasional death-by-drowning-of- drunken-fisherman-falling-from-boat story. She was aware of Billy&amp;rsquo;s near miss and savored it as a Foreshadowing. She tended to keep especial account of men who died in their middle and late fifties, making of them, whenever she could, cautionary tales steeped in improper diet, alcoholic excess, untoward forms of exercise not intended for older  &lt;br&gt;15   &lt;br&gt;men&amp;ndash;and of course bare rumors vague and dank of shameful sexual proclivities which, developing late, were clearly oiled and polished fast lanes to the mortuary awaiting elderly gentlemen who, out of loneliness or from an untoward frivolity, lost their grip on sense and sanity. Beyond all that, Rowena was a mine of information, most of it lurid, tawdry, and nearly always true. Her inclination toward mythology aside, you could generally go for an indictment if Rowena deposed. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Before you get started with the casualty list, I need to know a couple of things, I told her that morning. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Started what? First then, I turned off that rackety record player of yours. I done the dishes already. One dish, a cup, and a soup bowl. Starving yourself like a fool. If I still had my hand in . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;d be cooking all day for one man. It would kill you quick as strychnine, and I&amp;rsquo;d go off from overeating. Let well enough alone. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What you want to know?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Loreen came by. So damned mad she was past being mad . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well, yes . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes what? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;She&amp;rsquo;s mad. Ought to get on past it, but she can&amp;rsquo;t. Poor baby. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Billy&amp;rsquo;s chasing?  &lt;br&gt;     Rowena gave me a withering look&amp;ndash;as if I&amp;rsquo;d just asked her my own name.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Ummm . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That dumb bastard. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You got to expect it. It&amp;rsquo;s how they are. Dog&amp;rsquo;s gonna piss on a pole and scratch grass. Man&amp;rsquo;s gonna find himself something new now and again. Ain&amp;rsquo;t no big thing except she think it&amp;rsquo;s a big thing. Not like he&amp;rsquo;s fixing to go off or something. He ain&amp;rsquo;t about to leave that place. That&amp;rsquo;s all he knows. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You saying their marriage is shot? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Did I say that? If I&amp;rsquo;d of meant to say that, that&amp;rsquo;s what you&amp;rsquo;d of heard. Naw, Loreen just a white girl. She don&amp;rsquo;t know nothing. Time was ladies wouldn&amp;rsquo;t even let on they knew. Take your sainted mother . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Are you fixing to tell me something I don&amp;rsquo;t even want to know? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Hush . . . If your daddy had gone catting, your momma would of ignored it. I said &lt;i&gt;if&lt;/i&gt; . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well, Loreen&amp;rsquo;s not going to. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Naw, she gonna run that boy off and then spend her declining years looking for better. Anyhow, Billy simple as salad. It ain&amp;rsquo;t him. It that Terry Novis . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Huh? Judge Wesley&amp;rsquo;s secretary?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You ought to know.  &lt;br&gt;16   &lt;br&gt;     Rowena gave me a look as if to suggest that, in its day, my judicial chambers had been the best little whorehouse in Shreveport. I do not know why Rowena supposes that judges are libertines more than the run of men. But I know better than to try to rear a defense against her. Never do it. She will lay siege and you will be sorry as hell. She is incapable of forgetting or forgiving. Just when you think the matter in dispute is past and done, she will come upon you of a sudden, storm the barricades, and make a pyramid of skulls from your pretensions. Once I told her that garfish wasn&amp;rsquo;t fit to eat. Weeks&amp;ndash;no, months&amp;ndash;later at a dinner party Victoria gave, we had set before us from Rowena&amp;rsquo;s kitchen a fish entree richer, more delicate than anything Antoine&amp;rsquo;s or Galatoire&amp;rsquo;s ever conceived. That&amp;rsquo;s right. I made it a rigorous point thereafter never to observe in front of Rowena that horseshit was unpalatable. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It come out of all that tractor business, Rowena observed.  &lt;br&gt;     I remembered something about it. A lawsuit in federal court months ago. A diversity action in redhibition. Billy had bought a couple of tractors which were prone to shed their transmissions and went to law. Which, I judged from Rowena&amp;rsquo;s sneering remark, was where Billy had come across Terry Novis.  &lt;br&gt;     If you were a man who happened by good fortune or bad to have business in the United States Court for the Western District of Louisiana, and that business took you to Division H, you would most likely run across Terry. You might fall down mute, stone deaf, high gravel blind. But then you might count those afflictions as nothing just for the sight of her. I am a man of mature years, and I have tried to fashion my language as well as my thought in some mold less barbarous than that in which I was reared by other Caddo Parish men. But Terry Novis is a reagent. She dissolves the veneer of civilization with which we clad ourselves the way Strip-Ease cuts varnish from an old chest of drawers. I have heard descriptive phrases used of her that shocked the sensibility. I have heard men casually say what they would do to have one night with her, and their sayings chilled the blood. There are those who claim she took the job at federal court simply because it was the one place in town where she was least likely to have some otherwise harmless passing redneck go stark wild in nature, shred away his clothes and hers, and make the beast with two backs before a thousand witnesses in the courthouse square in front of the Confederate Memorial.  &lt;br&gt;     Terry has red hair. She is superbly developed, and the sight of her legs breaks something in a man. One would, in a manner of speaking, settle for the legs alone. But there is much more. Feature by feature, one begins to conclude that Terry is the absolute prototype of what a woman should look like. Hands, eyes, lips, skin, and an unforgettable rear end. Yes, she passes down a hallway and heads turn as if they were wired to  &lt;br&gt;17   &lt;br&gt;that fanny of hers. One loves his wife. One does not make concrete plans to kidnap Terry Novis and carry her off to Rio for one splendid week of worshipful continuous violation. But one considers it, in and out of season. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well, that all you wanted to know? Cause I believe I got it in me to fix up some fried eggs and bacon this morning. What you say? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Would there be biscuits?  &lt;br&gt;     Rowena nodded in mild disgust. Offer me a dollar and I&amp;rsquo;ll have your savings account. She went to work and I sat there over cold coffee still thinking about Terry Novis. And Billy. I could not believe it. By what peculiar tracery of fate had Billy gotten far enough along with her to shake the foundations of his family life? I did not have to ask why, just how. It seems one&amp;rsquo;s capacity to be astonished is never really played out. There is always another revelation around the next bend.  &lt;br&gt;     Rowena was heating up the oven, slapping out dough, plucking skeins of bacon from a frozen pack. It was painful to watch her. She seemed to move in slow motion. Some small malevolent portion of oneself was always making book on whether she would manage to complete whatever action she was engaged upon. She was eighty-two then and gnarled as a live oak, but I suspected from time to time she exaggerated the weight of her years the better to keep me in my place. If one moves with efficiency and dispatch, demands are likely to be made. If one is not venerable, one is vulnerable. But behind that dark withered face is a mind like a roto-rooter, fast-moving and digging for dirt. In her time she has recounted stories that would gag a maggot. It was from Rowena that I first heard about the Fannin Street Cannibal&amp;ndash;before the matter was raised in my court. Proper judicial procedure might have required that I disqualify myself from presiding. But how do you tell your colleagues on the bench that you know the sonofabitch is guilty as Sweeny Todd because your black housekeeper has told you so? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What about Gaspard Penniwell, I asked as casually as I could. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Ugh.  &lt;br&gt;     Rowena was at the stove with her back to me, and she gave a shake with her shoulders as if I had recommended she take the bacon out of the skillet and substitute rat flanks.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You want to tell me what that means? &lt;br&gt;     She turned from the stove, hands on hips, and fixed me with her Now You&amp;rsquo;ve Gone Too Far look. &amp;ndash;One thing in this world hadn&amp;rsquo;t anyone ought to put up with. A dirty nasty old man. &lt;br&gt;     For just the smallest portion of a second, I thought she was talking about me. A tincture of guilt for my thoughts about Terry Novis. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;God must love them, I grinned. &amp;ndash;He sure made enough of them. &lt;br&gt;18   &lt;br&gt;&amp;ndash;That ugly filthy old nigger. Ought somebody put him out of his misery. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What&amp;rsquo;s he done? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Nobody cares. Listen, I prays of a Sunday that somebody gonna stand up and say it: this world right here is hell. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Why this is hell, nor are we out of it. For where we are is hell, and where hell is, there must we ever be . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What&amp;rsquo;s all that? Never mind. It&amp;rsquo;s true. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You going to tell me what hell&amp;rsquo;s location has to do with Gee? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Gee? Oh yeah, I forget now and again. You and that Will D. Wendell . . . Youall was thick as thieves with that nigger . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Yes. Some forty years ago. Now time had raddled the fishing gear, and the shotguns and rifles had fallen away in rust. But time had not diminished nor changing custom blurred Rowena&amp;rsquo;s razor-sharp recollection of us then. &lt;br&gt;     She had complained once to my mother that the three of us together constituted a criminal syndicate. Gee was a dubious nigger and only God knew what he would lead Will D. and me to&amp;ndash;but when led, we were certain to drink deep of whatever it was. For Will D., Rowena had specifically predicted a disastrous end. He reached too high and reckoned whatever he reached for belonged of right to him. He would fall. I remember thinking of those words I had overheard by chance when, still on a cane, I had first walked over our land after I got home and knew that Will D. was dead. He had been everything Rowena said. And he had fallen. Surely the prediction does not force the event, else our very lives would be theoretical. But I wondered if Rowena had some touch of second sight, if in some archaic manner she lived our deaths and died our lives.  &lt;br&gt;     I was still mending then. Not only from the passage of shrapnel through my body but from what I had seen on the beaches at Normandy, in the roads and ditches where we had crawled and bled and died and murdered our way across France. I was still shaky and I could not stop dreaming that I was once again under that pale sun, hearing that flat distant vasty wail just as I dove headfirst into a hedgerow before earth and breath and consciousness and I parted ways. I did not want ever to be pierced with steel again, to lie in cold thick mud, a gasping St. Sebastian of alien country roads. I had not lost my guts. That metaphor should be used with surgical precision. I had not lost my guts. But they were still strung out from France to Louisiana, trailing, soiled, quivering. I remembered wondering if Rowena knew that. Or what else she might know.  &lt;br&gt;19   &lt;br&gt;     She dished up the eggs and bacon and pushed a plate of biscuits over to me to be buttered. Then she ladled out grits onto my plate and into her bowl and sat down across the table from me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You might try a biscuit, I said mildly. &amp;ndash;One biscuit isn&amp;rsquo;t going to kill you . . . unless you put rat poison in them. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Eat, she said gruffly, spooning her grits. &amp;ndash;Can&amp;rsquo;t use no butter with this pancreas. Biscuit with no butter . . . ? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m still asking about Gee, I said. The food tasted better than it looked. &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;ve got something on your mind. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He got him a little girl over there. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right. Folks do that nowadays. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Not like him. She just a child. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;How old were you when you got married? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I was sixteen, Mr. Smart Alec. I was full-growed. That old man got him a &lt;i&gt;baby&lt;/i&gt; . . . She maybe ten . . . eight more like it. Lord know where he got her from. Maybe they rents em nowadays . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I went on eating. If it was true, it was scandalous. But I wasn&amp;rsquo;t going to add any fuel to the fire. Then it appeared I didn&amp;rsquo;t need to. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You know, now you brung it up, I believe I might call the high sheriff myself. Have em take that old devil away. Get that child a home. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I didn&amp;rsquo;t bring anything like that up. You did. And no, you won&amp;rsquo;t.  &lt;br&gt;     Rowena glowered across the table at me. She can tell when I mean business. She can measure millimeters of intent at a glance. When she goes to studying you, watch out. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Still thick, huh? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I haven&amp;rsquo;t laid eyes on Gaspard Penniwell in over thirty years, I told her. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Uh-huh, but you remember. Never mind what&amp;rsquo;s right. Old times is worth more than what&amp;rsquo;s right. I tell you this, Mr. Man, I ain&amp;rsquo;t sitting in your place come judgment. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Fair enough, I told her. &amp;ndash;And I&amp;rsquo;ll see to it you don&amp;rsquo;t trip into hell for the sake of a calumny. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;A what? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Officious intermeddling. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That don&amp;rsquo;t help. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Sticking your goddamned nose into business that doesn&amp;rsquo;t concern you. Even if what you say is true. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Poor little girl. Colored people don&amp;rsquo;t care. White folks don&amp;rsquo;t care. Gonna be something else when she throw that old devil&amp;rsquo;s child and it got two heads and a tail and . . .  &lt;br&gt;     In the law, we refer to Rowena&amp;rsquo;s manner of argument as the Parade of Horribles. Next to the Argument from Public Policy, it is regarded as the most contemptible form of expression known to a profession which  &lt;br&gt;20   &lt;br&gt;has, since Cicero, gleefully won its cases on sleazy &lt;i&gt;ad hominem&lt;/i&gt; points, and prided itself on sophistry, obfuscation, jesuitical turns and the lower reaches of hook or crook. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m going by to see him, I said. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well, he ain&amp;rsquo;t going to see you, she said right back. &amp;ndash;He don&amp;rsquo;t see nobody. All he ever do is sit out in that hickory rocker Miz Wendell give him. And watch that poor child play with her puppy. He don&amp;rsquo;t talk. He don&amp;rsquo;t pass the time of day. You wave, he look the other way.  &lt;br&gt;     Rowena left off for a moment. &amp;ndash;You do go by, you want to tell him something for me? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I doubt it. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You tell him he gonna fry in hell like Sunday chicken, hear? And not to go howling about being sorry when them wings close down on him. Too late then . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I was not sure about the wings. Whether they were to be those of the Angel of Death or the Sunday Chicken. Either, I reckoned, would be past bearing.  &lt;br&gt;     We went our ways then. Rowena to her cleaning and I out to the jeep, wondering just what it was I had to do.  &lt;br&gt;IV   &lt;br&gt;     Driving the dirt road between my place and Billy&amp;rsquo;s is like driving in the palm of my hand. Fifty years ago, I walked it every day. Just where my land ended and Billy&amp;rsquo;s took up, there was a little indentation, a trail barely wide enough for one car or wagon. It ran back to Gee&amp;rsquo;s place. Two hundred of the best acres of Wendell land. Part bought off old William Dunlop, who never had sold a sliver of land to anyone else in his life. Part given free for life with the stipulation that it would revert at the end of Gee&amp;rsquo;s life&amp;ndash;all two hundred acres&amp;ndash;unless Gee had a son of his own. It looked like Billy would be getting back that little piece one of these days. Gee had never married, and so far as I knew had no heirs legitimate or otherwise.  &lt;br&gt;     As I drove, I found myself trying to nudge that genie, still not yet formed up. I tried to remember what Gee had looked like. He had been big and dark, strong enough to live a black life as it was then, and still pick and choose between whites he loved and whites he hated. I had always expected Gee to have trouble. Not because he was fractious or given to fighting or smart talk, but because he lacked even the appearance of that fine oriental mask of duplicity his people had collectively fabricated over the centuries. Whom he cared for and whom he despised showed always and all too clearly.  &lt;br&gt;21   &lt;br&gt;     But Gee did not have trouble. One reason was that W. D. Wendell would have whipped any second-rate white man who thought to ease the discomfort of his status by fooling with Gee. The other, I do believe, was us&amp;ndash;Will D. and me. We kept him too busy to find time for trouble. I can imagine the offer and acceptance when W. D. decided Gee was the man to start the two of us on our way. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You want the job or don&amp;rsquo;t you, W. D. would have asked him, that raw beefsteak face of his absent any expression at all. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I reckon, Gee would have answered quietly. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right. Get all the ammunition and what-have-you at Fielder&amp;rsquo;s grocery. Take the little truck when youall go off. Gas it up at Ferds. Take what you need out of the stores. Don&amp;rsquo;t let em hurt anybody and kick their asses if they don&amp;rsquo;t mind. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You want they asses kicked? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, goddamit. I don&amp;rsquo;t &lt;i&gt;want&lt;/i&gt; their asses kicked. But I never seen a boy you could get to straighten up and walk like a man unless you did kick his ass. Them two ain&amp;rsquo;t going to be any exceptions. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Ummm . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Oh, I see what you mean. Don&amp;rsquo;t worry about that. I&amp;rsquo;ll tell em. If they ain&amp;rsquo;t willing to let a grown decent nigger kick their asses, they can go into town and sign up at Mrs. Stovall&amp;rsquo;s dancing school. A man&amp;rsquo;s a man, ain&amp;rsquo;t he?  &lt;br&gt;     Gee would have nodded and smiled. The deal would have been struck, the three of us inextricably locked together then in that old time and beyond time. In recollection.  &lt;br&gt;     There was that little thread of a road, and I turned up it for the first time I could remember since 1942. The genie was beginning to sort out now, and the mist was thinning. Out there beyond the cotton stubble was a stand of hardwood, and in the autumn you could hear the fox squirrels barking all the way up to Gee&amp;rsquo;s house. That piece of woods teemed with game because Gee would throw out grain even in the winter. A bird or a rabbit could find a square meal in those woods even when it snowed.  &lt;br&gt;     I pulled the jeep over and looked out across the quiet narrow field that sloped toward the woods. In the old days, it was always planted with corn&amp;ndash;still was. In the autumn, a portion of the crop was left to fall, and it would draw the doves as they flew south. Some days when we felt mean and full of piss and vinegar, we would shoot over the corn field with #8 shot, then change over to #6 and go for the squirrels down below. Now the field lay naked, covered with broken stalks and rotted husks. It was just short of nine in the morning and the sun was pale and thin, the air dusted with mist. The year was dying all around. I considered that every year was a lifetime. Every autumn when the guns  &lt;br&gt;22   &lt;br&gt;came out of their cases, down from the walls, young men entered the fields for the first time, old men hunted their last. A finger of chill breeze reached through the open side of the jeep whispering about what was past and what remained.  &lt;br&gt;     I sat there silent, almost seeing the three of us stalking the fields, pulling down birds from the crisp air, moving on wordless, intent on the next rise, each knowing where it would likely come, the precedence of shooting. I could remember the enforced looseness in my arms and shoulders, the hard blade of concentration in my mind as we walked. None of us liked to talk or fool around when we were hunting or fishing. We did not talk nearly so much as, later, the riflemen in my squad talked amidst hunting other men to kill. There, the drumroll of talk was ceaseless whenever it seemed unlikely to get us killed at once. We had all talked, talked against the darkness that lay in wait in the empty streets of the next village or in the invisible trenches and foxholes and ambuscades overlooked by artillery and air and armor. Talked baseball and women and jobs and dreams of escape and return. Talked especially of women, as if speech invoking women, their limbs, their hair, their secret places physical and spiritual, assured us of some further portion of temporality. As if talking on and on about that deepest drive that even the stupidest amongst us held in some way sacred was whole proof and evidence of our ongoing life, of the flat fact that it had not been one of us left behind back there in the last silent and abandoned village, dog tags festooned across the rifle butt, bayonet speared into the harsh rich lumped soil of France. A mist, a fog of aimless conversation, even monologue. Some of us died talking.  &lt;br&gt;     I walked out into the field and gathered up some fragments of broken cornstalk and soil in my hand. The pieces were stained and bleached gray with tracks of black mold. Scattered piles of shucks lay here and there where ears had been thrown and stripped in the field. They say the old Indians believed there was but one paradigmatic beaver and one ideal possum, a single bear, but one great deer, and that, when Beaver or Possum or Bear or Deer had fed an Indian family, the bones had to be returned to the place where it had been killed. Otherwise, when next they came to hunt, bellies empty, there would be no beaver, possum, bear or deer. I dropped the remnants of that last harvest, seeing already behind the cool sterile autumn sky that next July with stalks tall and tassels rayed out against a new sun, warm and yellow?green, burgeoning, moving fecund toward harvest once more.  &lt;br&gt;     I walked back to the jeep and made ready to start off again. Somehow I found I was uncomfortable, taken suddenly with a sense of dread. I frowned, my hand arrested on the ignition key. Then I found the root of the feeling. It was a vague inchoate yet absolutely certain sense  &lt;br&gt;23   &lt;br&gt;of bad faith. As if I were on my way to Gee&amp;rsquo;s place with the intent of lying to him, taking advantage of him. I could penetrate no deeper. The feeling was absurd. I shrugged within myself, started up the jeep, and pulled away.  &lt;br&gt;     The road dipped down a little farther on. Almost always the dirt there was wet and sometimes, in the spring or after a summer shower, it was impassable. Now it was bone dry, dust spiraling upward in my path, a physical shadow of that genie still swirling, trying to find its proper form, concrete and detailed, in my mind.  &lt;br&gt;     I remembered when our friendship bad begun to shade away. It had not ended, stopped, come to some discernible conventional halt. It had simply ceased to be convenient, ceased to be in the forefront of those things Will D. and I had in mind. We had gone to the University, down to Baton Rouge. Will D. had spent four years in an extended and debilitating spree at the Deke house. I had started going with Victoria. Gee had kept on doing what he had done since he had come of age&amp;ndash;virtually running the Wendell place singlehanded, answerable mostly to Mrs. Wendell since W. D. was lying sick at Schumpert Sanatorium by the time we graduated.  &lt;br&gt;     And that thought, like a locomotive plunging through a wall of memories dismissed, carried with it a remembrance of W. D.&amp;rsquo;s death&amp;ndash;a day I had as soon not called to mind.  &lt;br&gt;     It had been cancer, and it had wasted him as if that dread name stood indeed for some pernicious invisible thing that fixes on us, tearing, clawing, shredding away our substance as quickly as we swallow it, leaving us fearsome scarecrows, thin brittle envelopes of skin and bone. Will D. and I had made it a point to visit him separately each day. We were both in service then, waiting to be called to duty. We had asked for time to stay with him, but W. D. would not hear of us waiting to fight until he had done with this, his last. We would bear witness to more than enough of dying as we went along, he told us, and since one dying lay before every man, his only absolute and indisputable debt to the world, there was no sense in making much of it. Treat death as a nuisance to be gotten past. Like jock itch, W. D. had said.  &lt;br&gt;     But that had nothing to do with our separate visits. We had tried once to go and see him together, but we had found that we could not, for some reason, bear up if we were together. One or the other of us would begin to weep&amp;ndash;not cry: no sound would come from us. We knew better than to let that happen. But we could not control our tears, and W. D. would become enraged. We were forbidden to weep for him. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;When it&amp;rsquo;s over and past, youall can snivel for a little while if you can&amp;rsquo;t find anything better to do with your time. Then I expect you to get back to your purposes, whatever the hell they may be . . .  &lt;br&gt;24   &lt;br&gt;As it happened, we were in Fort Polk when it ended. We rushed back, Will D. to see his mother who was with mine over at our place. I went to the hospital, proposing to make what are called Final Arrangements&amp;ndash;just as if I knew what I was doing.  &lt;br&gt;     When I got there, the room door was open, nurses and attendants moving in and out in the bustle that follows upon death. I thought they might have already sent W. D. over to Wellman&amp;rsquo;s Funeral Home, but they had not. In there he lay like the most fragile of dolls, his head thrown back, his hands awkwardly folded by someone else, his eyes closed, his mouth partially open as if in a wide and final yawn at the fundamental banality of death&amp;ndash;or life. He had lost almost all his hair. What was left was thin and wispy, an iron gray mist hovering over his parchment skull. I fixed my eyes there, on his hair, because I needed at least another moment before I looked down at his face. It was then that I saw a black hand gently brushing that hair down, arranging it as tenderly as a woman might have done for one she loved well.  &lt;br&gt;     Gee looked up at me as I stood there in my uniform, trying to bring myself to lower my eyes to W. D.&amp;rsquo;s face, to study it, to confirm beyond question that a fixture of my own life had gone on, to stand as honest witness that the sum of reality itself had been diminished by the measure of this strong jovial hard-driving whit called William Dunlop Wendell II. Then my eyes met Gee&amp;rsquo;s. His living anguish was worse than the spectacle of death that lay stretched between us. I felt more pity, more compassion for Gee than for W. D., whose travail was done. I wanted to reach out to Gee, put my arms around him and say that the anguish was one that pierced us all three, him, Will D. and me the same.  &lt;br&gt;     But I did not. I couldn&amp;rsquo;t. Something had happened. Something had changed in me without my even knowing it. Before, I would have been comforting one of my dearest friends. Now I would be embracing a negro. Just then I knew for the first time that I was, God help me, an adult.  &lt;br&gt;     I do not have the slightest notion how it happened. It is easy enough to say that the climate of opinion in the parish&amp;ndash;indeed, in all the South&amp;ndash;took innocent children and made them come to believe that Great Distinction fabricated by their fathers in order to enjoin obedience and enforce dominance at the cost of democracy and equality. There are times when I wish that the churnings of creation were as simple as that. If the world-knot could be unraveled by application of such comic-book formulae, we might all be wise and happy. Mightn&amp;rsquo;t we? But it is not so, and positivist babblings will not make it so. Standing by the emptied body of an old man I had loved, across from a black man I loved still, I was not confronted with a problem, either social or personal. There was no problem at all. Rather a mystery had befallen me. A mystery as  &lt;br&gt;25   &lt;br&gt;profound and embracing and irreducible as that which wrenched our first parents from their dream when, in their awful new wisdom, they looked and saw that they were naked.  &lt;br&gt;     I had turned and walked away then, leaving behind, from an appropriate distance, some words neither better nor worse than I might have used in good faith rather than bad. I told myself that Will D. and his mother might need me, and that I must do what had to be done at the funeral parlor as quickly as I could. The war was waiting and we had so little time. I had believed it at that moment, and I had gone on believing it up to that very day I found myself driving toward Gee&amp;rsquo;s place with Billy Wendell&amp;rsquo;s business on my mind.  &lt;br&gt;     Then Gee&amp;rsquo;s house rose up out of the woods before me on the left, and I promptly put out of my mind for the moment what I had just remembered for the first time in over thirty years.  &lt;br&gt;     To see the place that way, bands of thin sunlight cutting through the permanent green domes of live oak and magnolia, was a shock. It had not changed. Nothing had been added. Nothing had been taken away. I had been ruminating since the night before on time past, on what had been good and what had been lost. On Victoria and Will D., on old W. D. and my mother&amp;ndash;on the very structure of my own life, chipped and cracked and falling away into the abyss of time with each day passing, with each other life impingent on my own moving from this world into the mode of non-existence. Now I sat facing a palpable chunk of my past, glimmering in autumn sunlight as if it had been lifted up, translated, from the mere accidental plane where weather and the worm and the heaviness of time claim, and deposited into a realm in every way identical to that past save for its lastingness.  &lt;br&gt;     It was a wide shallow rough-planked house of cypress with a long low porch on the front and windows tall enough for a man to walk through. Broad enough to allow a transient breeze into the house on a summer evening. The porch was built of long thick cuts of heart-of-pine and the roof slanted down so that an exceedingly tall man had to bow to avoid its edge. The shingles were cedar. So far as I knew, aside from the shingles, nails, and a metal sink, everything in the house had come from this land.  &lt;br&gt;     I was parked then, still staring at the house I had helped to build. It took a moment before I realized that the single difference I could make out was the trees. The oaks and magnolias, the sycamores and gums were forty and more years old. Towering now, craggy branches interlocked, a good century of growth and struggle still before the hardiest of them, because two seventeen-year-olds and a twenty-seven-year-old had somehow not realized how large they would  &lt;br&gt;26   &lt;br&gt;become, and had planted them too close. I was stupefied, bewildered, to see what those boys and that man had done so long ago.  &lt;br&gt;     He came out to the porch then. Walking slowly, carefully, deliberately, as if each step required an infinity of exact calculations. He stopped at the top of the broad pine steps and gazed out at the jeep and at me. I met his gaze as best I could, knowing that I must speak first. I who was breaking this morning&amp;rsquo;s peace must explain why by breaking the thirty years&amp;rsquo; silence between us as well. But I had come unprepared. I had dawdled and dreamed on my way, harking back to the past&amp;ndash;all for the sake of the genie who now stood only yards away on a plank porch with substance and form, looking into my eyes noncommittally as if he suspected that I might be a drummer about to alight from his car with a valise full of medicines good for all the ailings of man or beast.  &lt;br&gt;     But I was a drummer who had not prepared his spiel and who, along his way, had come to wonder if his wares were such to tempt this customer&amp;rsquo;s trust in the virtue of what he had to offer.  &lt;br&gt;     I was given a moment longer. From behind the house, a feist came running, yapping, falling and rolling in the dry autumn grass, and after him a little black girl in a blue dress. The dog had but three legs. A clumsy bandage was bound around the stump of one hind leg, but the loss seemed to hamper him not at all. The child&amp;rsquo;s hair was carefully tied up in those small gatherings clenched with strips of cloth that one used to see more often. She ran past the tumbling dog, waved at the silent presence on the porch, and made off under the oaks down toward a pond from which, ages ago, I had drawn my supper time and again.  &lt;br&gt;     It was time then, and past. I got down out of the jeep and started toward the porch. It was perhaps thirty yards away, but as I walked, for some reason I became conscious of aches and pains and muscles pulling, all of which had been with me for so long that they were ordinarily no longer even objects of cognition. Anyhow, I strode across the bare yard as quickly as I could. I had no intention of raising my voice, of calling out to Gee from a distance. Perhaps he did not recognize me. I was not even sure that I would have recognized him had I not known that this was his house, were he not standing there now in such a way as to announce wordlessly that he was standing on his property awaiting someone who had chosen to come there, to interrupt his morning and whatever he was accustomed to filling it with. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Gee . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Albert Sidney . . .  &lt;br&gt;     No one had called me that in thirty years. It was what my mother called me when she was displeased. Will D. had called me that because he was saddled with a double name, too. And Gee.  &lt;br&gt;27   &lt;br&gt;     I was on the steps of his house then, the brown and white feist having discovered me, squeaking and wheezing from a distance, hysterical in his small way that a stranger had come upon the place and that he, as usual, was not large enough to challenge him. The girl, at a distance, laughed at the dog&amp;rsquo;s anger, his feints toward me, his rapid backings-away. She paid me no mind at all. As for Gee, he was looking at me with mild disinterest, as if I were a swatch of cloud in an otherwise clear sky or a dust devil in the road stirred by a passing car and sure to fade as quickly as eyes set upon it. I put out my hand and Gee took it, shook it absently in that soft uncommitted grasp that elderly blacks, unaccustomed to being offered white hands, almost invariably use.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Billy come by last night. Said you be along, Gee said, standing in front of his doorway now, offering neither hospitality nor discourtesy. Neither acknowledging nor denying my right to be standing on his land, his porch. His. Not rented or leased or held in a sharecropper&amp;rsquo;s precarious possession. His. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well, I said. &amp;ndash;We need to sit down and talk. You want to sit out here?  &lt;br&gt;     That did not recall him to his manners, because he had none. He knew well enough what manners were, had always known, and had eschewed them almost as he had put aside talking. Whatever small obeisance he had made in the direction of such things had vanished long ago. From years, decades, of living alone. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Come on in, he said, and turned slowly to go ahead of me.  &lt;br&gt;     As he entered the darkness of the house, I paused for a fraction of a moment to look out toward the distant trees where the child was playing with the feist I could not judge her age. She was not the infant Rowena had conjured up, but she was no woman, either. She was surely within the protection of the Statute. I went on inside. There was first and at once the smell of coal oil. I had not smelled anything closer to that scent than diesel fuel in years. Gee was turning up a lamp that barely flickered, and as he leaned over it, I tried to complete the figure of my genie. &lt;br&gt;     I saw an elderly black man, hair the color of morning frost. He was deep in his sixties. He looked much older. I could tell that his teeth were mostly gone and the sly indifferent desiccation of age had hollowed his cheeks, rheumed his eyes. Still, when he was done with the lamp, he stood erect, his shoulders squared and strong as if he had just heard something threatening and was about to turn and meet it. His hands were too large for his arms, thin now like those of a boy, muscles gone to twine, the skin wrinkled and puckered and blotchy, insignia of age.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I got coffee or a little bit of handmade liquor. &lt;br&gt;28   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Whatever. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Mostly I leaves it alone till it comes dark. But today . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right.  &lt;br&gt;     He went over to a large rough-hewn hutch and took down one of five or six Ball jars, uncapped it, and poured a clear fluid into coffee cups. Then he went over to the sink and pumped two jelly glasses full of well water. While he was at the sink, I looked around the place. It was spare and clean with the feeling of a refectory. There was a long table built of the same heart-of-pine that made up the flooring of the porch. It sat parallel to an enormous fireplace of rough red bricks that was big enough to braise a hog in. Over the hearth there were ranked half a dozen guns. I could make out the bottom piece, an old Browning over-and-under with silver chasing around the receiver and trigger guard. I did not need to read the worn initials engraved there. I knew what they were: W. D. W. The other guns were just as fine. Clean, old, worn smooth, each bearing the patina of age and frequent use.  &lt;br&gt;     Gee came back to the table and set down the cups and the jelly glasses. His eyes met mine and I saw that he had mastered over the years an expression of equanimity that as a young man he had lacked. Now his face was indecipherable. His contempts and his affections, his hopes and plans, if he had any, were not there. Nothing was revealed.  &lt;br&gt;     He sat down in a chair across the table from me, his face just beyond the steady cone of light thrown by the coal-oil lamp. I took a drink of the whiskey. It was too early for that sort of thing, but Lord it was fine. You could tan a coonskin in it. I wanted to reach for the cold well water, but Gee wasn&amp;rsquo;t having any. If he wasn&amp;rsquo;t neither was I. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That letter from the government, huh? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;They&amp;rsquo;ve been calling down here, worrying Billy.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;They got no cause to trouble him. It ain&amp;rsquo;t got anything to do with him. If they got to fret somebody, they ought to be talking to me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I expect they will be. One way or another.  &lt;br&gt;     Gee drank more of his whiskey and stared out the door. The cur was going for an ancient guinea hen out near the road. It would not catch the bird. The girl was watching the chase, showing neither concern nor disinterest. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Reckon you could just cut em off? I don&amp;rsquo;t need em and I don&amp;rsquo;t want em. They ain&amp;rsquo;t got nothing for me. If it cost something, I&amp;rsquo;ll pay you. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Gee, it&amp;rsquo;s not going to work that way. They think Billy&amp;rsquo;s doing you something. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Shit, he said after a moment. &amp;ndash;Them lowdown sonsabitches. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Look, all you&amp;rsquo;ve got to do to get shut of them is take some medal they want to give you . . . They&amp;rsquo;ll pay your way up to Washington city, and . . .  &lt;br&gt;29   &lt;br&gt;     He almost jumped to his feet. I must have flinched in surprise to see him move so quickly. He paced back and forth, up and down the length of the room. I could see why he had moved with such measure and deliberation before. As he paced so rapidly, he staggered, swaying from side to side, each step appearing to be the last before he sprawled on the floor. I started out of my chair to keep him from falling, but his voice kept me in my seat. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Sonsabitches. I hadn&amp;rsquo;t ought to of gone when they sent for me. I knew it then. I knew I hadn&amp;rsquo;t ought to of gone. I could of made off in them woods and they&amp;rsquo;d never of found me . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I knew it. Just as sure as I set my foot out of this parish, it was gonna go bad and get worse. Long as I was here, it was all right . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You want to tell me what . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash; . . . but Will D. was gone, and you was gone. Everybody I knew was gone. Your daddy was passed on and Mr. W. D. had went and died on me, and it was all that talk about the Germans and the Japs . . . seemed wrong to just hang around. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I know . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No you don&amp;rsquo;t. It wasn&amp;rsquo;t no war of mine. Hell, it wasn&amp;rsquo;t even yours and Will D.&amp;rsquo;s I didn&amp;rsquo;t give a shit what them Germans did to them Frenches. I don&amp;rsquo;t know that I even cared . . .  &lt;br&gt;     His voice trailed off, but I could finish the thought. He wasn&amp;rsquo;t sure he gave a damn about the U.S., either. It was Egypt. It had always been Egypt for a black man. The place where he was, where he had come to himself, where he had been born and would most surely die. But not his place. At least not a millimeter beyond these acres, this parish&amp;ndash;if he could even stretch it that far. I could understand that.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash; . . . but youall was out there in it, and it didn&amp;rsquo;t seem right to . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I never asked you what happened over there.  &lt;br&gt;     He looked at me as if he couldn&amp;rsquo;t believe the question. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s right. You never did, he said at last. &amp;ndash;What happen over there? I tell you what happen. They kill Will D., they hurt you, and they did for me. That&amp;rsquo;s what happen over there.  &lt;br&gt;     Now the velocity of his pacing had increased. He would reach the end of a circuit down at the far end of the dark room, beyond the reach of the light. Then he would stumble forward into the light again, off balance, failing to sprawl only because he was falling in all possible directions at once. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Did for you? I asked. &amp;ndash;What . . . ?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Sure, he grated. &amp;ndash;Maybe you could just write it up and send it off to that sonofabitch in Washington city. Listen, Albert Sidney, you write  &lt;br&gt;30   &lt;br&gt;that motherfucker to stay clear of me . . . I ain&amp;rsquo;t killed a man in over thirty years. But he hadn&amp;rsquo;t ought to try me, hear?  &lt;br&gt;     I said nothing, and he made one more circuit and sat down. He was tired, sweating even in the cool autumn morning. He finished his whiskey and poured us both some more. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t want to see em. I don&amp;rsquo;t want to talk to em. Can you see to that for me, Albert Sidney . . . ?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t know, I said honestly. &amp;ndash;They seem uncommonly anxious . . . Billy said they were talking about the Congressional Medal. Gee, what the hell did you do over there? What happened? Even with all this civil rights horseshit, they&amp;rsquo;re not going to reach down into Caddo Parish and hand that medal out to the first . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash; . . . first nigger they set eyes on? Bet your ass they ain&amp;rsquo;t. Not this nigger.  &lt;br&gt;     He was calmer then. He leaned back in his chair, his ice-white brows knitted as if he were trying to discern something that lay in the darkness behind me, something that I could not have seen even if I had turned&amp;ndash;something I could not even have guessed at. It occurred to me that I had seen his eyes, his face like that before, searching the barren branches of winter trees, scrutinizing a cut-over field of grain. He had always seen the game before Will D. or me. Not usually. Always. I wondered at that moment what the game might be.  &lt;br&gt;     Gee began talking then. Not especially, not even necessarily to me. I believe he was reciting it all to himself again for the thousandth time just to refuel the anger, the fury. To justify once more his isolation, his turning away from the course of ordinary life. He wanted to feel again that tincture of acid in the blood that he had held&amp;ndash;or that had held him&amp;ndash;imprisoned for so long. Or perhaps he was telling it aloud this time as he had told it voiceless over and over before, no Will D. or Albert Sidney to hear it. Telling it loud and clear enough then for Will D. to hear it amidst that long slumber from which only Christ Jesus will awaken us; declaiming it so fiercely that even a sleepwalker such as I had to hear it amidst my living slumber. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;They took me in and we done all that basic. Running around and climbing up walls and marching up and down. It was all of us colored in the company, see, and after they had done run us to death, they let us shoot. I come up expert first time out. I could of done it with a rag tied over my eyes. Highest score in regiment. So they called down the captain and I done it again. And twice more. Captain asked me, Boy, where did you learn to shoot like that? Louisiana, I told him. Caddo Parish. Shit, he said, and walked off. I reckon it was gonna be a rifle company for me. Maybe even a sharpshooter, sniper.  &lt;br&gt;31   &lt;br&gt;     He sipped some more whiskey and laughed. &amp;ndash;Yeah, well, so they go and put me in commissary. They got me cutting open boxes of pears and stacking cans of cling peaches and lima beans. Shot every white boy at Fort Benning out of the box, and they go and set me to keeping stores.  &lt;br&gt;     He got up and walked to one of the tall windows and threw back the heavy canvas he used for drapery. &amp;ndash;I was a shot, he said musingly. &amp;ndash;It wasn&amp;rsquo;t anything I couldn&amp;rsquo;t do with a gun, was it? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;And they go and put me on as &lt;i&gt;help&lt;/i&gt;. You hear? &lt;i&gt;Help&lt;/i&gt;. Niggers cook and clean up. White men shoot. You don&amp;rsquo;t want to trust no nigger with a gun, and if you was to, he shoot off his own foot either to get out of service or cause he couldn&amp;rsquo;t help it. Ain&amp;rsquo;t that so?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;re not asking me that. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, Gee said. &amp;ndash;I ain&amp;rsquo;t asking you. But I thought about it all the time. Couldn&amp;rsquo;t get it off my mind. Till we come into Belgium. I done thought over it on the boat. Let them bastards do what they want. Send all the white boys out there to get blowed up and gunned down. It was a favor to me. I was in the rear eating good and cleaning up and serving an officer&amp;rsquo;s mess. I wasn&amp;rsquo;t no soldier. I was &lt;i&gt;help&lt;/i&gt;. Yessir, some more coffee? No sir, I don&amp;rsquo;t believe we got no Antony and Cleopatra. How about a Dutch Master? Wasn&amp;rsquo;t nothing I could do about it. If they was gonna hand me a white jacket and a long-handled spoon instead of a rifle, it was their army. Surely wasn&amp;rsquo;t mine.  &lt;br&gt;     There was a sound at the door then. It was the girl. She came in with some kind of tray. There were plates on it covered with foil. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Miz Loreen say youall be talking the whole day away and ain&amp;rsquo;t put nothing on the stove.  &lt;br&gt;     Gee nodded. &amp;ndash;Miz Loreen sends something down most days. You go ahead, baby, he said to the girl. &amp;ndash;Fix you something off that tray and go eat on the porch. Judge Finch and me got to talk. Did you want a bite of that food, Albert Sidney? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, but you better haul down another one of those fruit jars, I told him. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You like that? Imported. Lee Polk&amp;rsquo;s stuff. Come from over by Mississippi. Couldn&amp;rsquo;t do better myself I know. I used to try. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Compliments to Mr. Polk. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Best pain killer in the world. I know about that, too. He brought over another jar. This time he didn&amp;rsquo;t bother about the water. Outside, the sun was well past noon, beginning its long fall toward east Texas. Gee drank, and his eyes drifted away.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I got myself up early that day, he said, still talking as much to himself as to me. &amp;ndash;They had me on the breakfast shift, and I had chipped beef going. You remember chipped beef?  &lt;br&gt;32   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Shit on a shingle . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Nicest thing they called it. I been trying to come up with some kind of a sauce for it. Standing out at the flap of the tent thinking about it. Snow coming down like you never seen it around here. Lord, cold and dark. Right outside Losheim, where it was. Losheim . . . I ain&amp;rsquo;t thought of it in thirty years. It was maybe six o&amp;rsquo;clock in the morning and the other help was coming in and somebody seen we done run out of powdered eggs, so the beef was it, and when the troops started coming in, it was gonna be hell. But I had got this barbecue sauce in mind and I went back inside and reached up for a big bottle of Tabasco. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Which is when the first shell landed out in the mess area of this great big tent we was in. Blowed all the tables and benches to hell. People was trying to climb under the stove, metal racks full of canned goods and all was falling over on top of folks. Somebody tump over a forty-gallon can of hot cooking oil and one of em who&amp;rsquo;d crawl under the stove come up with his shirt and hair on fire. Then the next round come down over by the motor pool, and after that here come one after another about every thirty seconds or so. All of us kitchen help run outside, and here come all these white boys hauling ass as fast as they could from the lines to the east. Said the whole damn German army coming right behind em. Said it was old Rumstead with all the panzers you ever saw, coming down full tilt and loaded for bear . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He was grinning then, remembering those broken rifle companies running across the snow, terrified by the sudden resurrection of an army supposedly too far gone to mount an offensive, presumed to be hardly more than a wrecked hulk bled white by casualties and troops sent to the eastern front. Gee had not been good enough for one of those American rifle companies, and now there they came, running past him in terror and disarray. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I thought they was bullshitting. You know how they was about a little artillery. Except here come another shell right in on top of us. Hit the CP. And it wasn&amp;rsquo;t no .88 neither. It was a tank round. Then all of a sudden it got real quiet. You could hear the snow falling in them tall larch trees, branches breaking under the weight of the snow falling. The big stuff had stopped coming in, and them fine front line boys had passed on by us. All you could hear was a moan or a cry from where them shells had landed. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Then you could hear em coming. Them big treads rattling, them engines. Out on the edge of Losheim. Lord, it was a panzer brigade coming right at us with infantry behind. You could look down the slope from where we was and see the snow covered with em. I counted sixty, maybe eighty tanks. Sweet Jesus, I thought. It ain&amp;rsquo;t no brigade. It&amp;rsquo;s a armored division. Lord knows how many troops, but I know they  &lt;br&gt;33   &lt;br&gt;darkened the snow. And I recollect thinking to myself, Here I am nothing but help and they gonna send the whole entire German army right down the pipe at me. So I look around and everybody had done cut out by then. There wasn&amp;rsquo;t nothing left in the motor pool. What the help hadn&amp;rsquo;t made off with, the white boys had stole. Everybody was on the road to Malm&amp;eacute;dy, and there wasn&amp;rsquo;t no officers could do anything to slow em down. Them white boys done seen the Wehrmacht up close, and they was convinced. They was what did they say? &amp;ndash;withdrawing to a more easy to defend line. Hell, running like sonsabitches what they was doing. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I watched the last of em go, and I said, Well, son, you purely on your own now. You can run, but it ain&amp;rsquo;t no place to hide. They gonna go through what&amp;rsquo;s left of this regiment like shit through a goose. Wasn&amp;rsquo;t no sense to stand there, so I reckoned to light out for the woods behind. Them panzers wasn&amp;rsquo;t going through there, and maybe that meant the infantry would kind of ease past em too. Then, about half-way out, it come to me I didn&amp;rsquo;t have no rifle. They hadn&amp;rsquo;t issued us no rifles over there. Reckoned we wasn&amp;rsquo;t gonna fight, and how you gonna carry a M-1 when they got you stacking cans and mixing sauces? Next thing you know, I was back by the CP where one of the .88&amp;rsquo;s had landed. Tent shredded, snow red and pink and black, bodies all over. I could still see some of our folks running in the distance ahead of the first wave of panzers. I could see some of em dropping, too. Them tanks was maybe a half a mile away and coming on like a grass fire. And there I was. With a long-handled spoon in one hand and that damned bottle of Tabasco in the other. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Up shit&amp;rsquo;s creek, I said. &amp;ndash;With a long-handled spoon.  &lt;br&gt;     He couldn&amp;rsquo;t help laughing, shaking his head at that old-time predicament of his. For a moment it was as if we had been enjoying days like this for all the years past. Then that damned dismal feeling of bad faith closed in again and I drank some whiskey to push it away. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That CP looked like chipped beef, Gee said slowly. &amp;ndash;I knew some of em had worked in there. Couldn&amp;rsquo;t see nothing I recognized. Looked like chili sauce. Blood with lumps in it. One radio receiver blowed all to hell but still running on. Traffic from down around Echternach all the way north to Monschau about fifteen miles away. Some fool captain had got hold of the mike somewhere and kept asking wasn&amp;rsquo;t it a local feint, could they get some armor over there to turn it? While I was listening, I believe it come to em this wasn&amp;rsquo;t no kind of feint at all. Them Germans was betting it all on one throw, and they had done put our asses in a sling. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Lord, I said. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What? &lt;br&gt;34   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You were smack in the middle of the Bulge. Battle of the Ardennes. Close to Christmas, 1944. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I was sure as hell in the middle of something. I didn&amp;rsquo;t know they had give it a name. I pitched around that CP, trying not to step on the dead, looking for any damn kind of gun to carry off to them woods. And back of a desk with a dead man lying across it, I come on a BAR. Lord knows what it was doing there. Maybe some poor bastard out of a weapons company had wanted him a cup of coffee with a buddy at CP. Nice safe place. Whoever got hisself killed in a regimental CP? Never mind. I had me a BAR then and a bag of ammunition. Did wonders for my spirit. Piss on them Germans. After so long a time in the army, I had me a gun. I was all right. Now all I had was to pick me out a nice place to die.  &lt;br&gt;     Gee leaned back, his eyes closed, his hands on the edge of the plank table as if the effort of recollection itself was draining him. But after a moment, his voice came back, warm and strong. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I had done give up on them woods. The tanks was down in the streets of the town, and I couldn&amp;rsquo;t make it halfway. And that was all right, fine. Cause the worst was past. I wasn&amp;rsquo;t gonna die like no damned help. You know what I mean? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;So I come out of that wrecked tent and it was strange. The snow had started in again and it was already filling up the shell holes and covering the blood. Wasn&amp;rsquo;t a soul around. Nobody. Where I was, I could look right down into the streets of that town. Here come a Tiger with troops all around it, some riding on it, all of em going like they had to make up time. Quick marching through the town square, some moving right, some going left. Not a voice to be heard. Just them tank motors and treads and them jackboots hitting cobbles. Maybe twelve tanks down there now. The rest had cut north and gone around to cut off and catch whatever was running and walking and crawling up that Malm&amp;eacute;dy road. Then six or seven of them tanks went south and some angled off toward the northwest. And I saw what was gonna happen. One Tiger tank and a couple of squads bearing right up the slope at me. It was gonna be that tank there and them troops. And me. You know what I thought? Right then I thought, These is long odds. But if Will D. and Albert Sidney was along . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I remember nausea sweeping through me, but the whiskey held it down. I got up casually and stretched, bemused at the hollowness of my own voice. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You reckon we could have done em? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Hell, done em and walked away. I &lt;i&gt;done&lt;/i&gt; em by myself. I just . . . didn&amp;rsquo;t walk away.  &lt;br&gt;35   &lt;br&gt;     Then Gee paused, looked up at me past the soft light of the coal-oil lamp. &amp;ndash;Now I think about it, I don&amp;rsquo;t know. I reckon you better hear the rest of it. Then you can decide. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Decide what? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;ll see. &lt;br&gt;     I nodded and let it pass. I had surely not come over here expecting to spend the day, but that was what it was coming to, and that was all right. It was thirty years late, but it would have to do. And anyhow, I was a retired man. I could go where I pleased and stay just as long as I liked. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Fore them Germans come in, I had done gone over every foot of that place. Looking for a hide-out, looking for something that would do a tank. Truth is, I didn&amp;rsquo;t &lt;i&gt;know&lt;/i&gt; what would do a tank. They hadn&amp;rsquo;t taught us nothing. This here was regiment. Cook house, communications, motor pool, and operations. All of it blasted to hell. Radio men, mechanics and cook-house niggers, and what wasn&amp;rsquo;t dead had done run off.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I believe I would have got me a bed sheet for camouflage and made out for those woods.  &lt;br&gt;     Gee laughed at that. I wondered afterward if he was laughing because he knew better&amp;ndash;or at the notion of me under a white sheet. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Forget it. Time I&amp;rsquo;m talking now. They was in the perimeter. Point men with them Tommy guns of theirs looking this way and that, then that panzer come rolling right on in, parked next to the CP. Me, I&amp;rsquo;d found me a blowed-up half-ton truck and slid under it with my BAR. Wait and see. Well, they poked all around till it come broad daylight. Then I guess it was tea time or whatever Germans have, cause they come up with boxes of C-rations and stuff out of what was left of the cook tent and lit em a fire and sat down to breakfast. Seemed like the tank commander was in charge and he wasn&amp;rsquo;t nothing but a sergeant. He was loafing around, taking the air, watching em brew up our coffee. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You mean the tank crew had . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You got it. Unzipped and stepped out. Just like snails out of the shell. Didn&amp;rsquo;t even post no guards. They reckoned the Amis had high-tailed it and was halfway to Malm&amp;eacute;dy by then. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;ll be damned. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You ain&amp;rsquo;t heard nothing. They had got hold of my big pot of chipped beef and put it over a fire, and they was dishing it out and slopping it down like it was prime gumbo. Wasn&amp;rsquo;t nobody complaining, neither. I just laid in the snow under that truck watching em put away my breakfast. I thought, Hell, if I was out to be a damned cook, I&amp;rsquo;d go on over and switch armies. Maybe I could get some appreciation. But then I come to think, Well, they white, too, and I can&amp;rsquo;t even understand a  &lt;br&gt;36   &lt;br&gt;word they saying, and if they was fixing to do me something ugly, I wouldn&amp;rsquo;t know it.  &lt;br&gt;     He paused then and looked past me out of the door. In a few minutes the sun would be far enough down to illuminate the interior of the cabin. The space around us was already beginning to glow and the shadows were separating out, revealing themselves as presences. A photo on the pine mantle of an anonymous old black couple&amp;ndash;Gee&amp;rsquo;s parents, I supposed&amp;ndash;and another one of Gee, young and strong, standing behind, above, two boys whose expressions suggested some part of the delirium they must have been feeling at that moment as between them they held up the head and rack of a twelve-point buck. One of the boys was Will D. The other, it seemed, was me. There were the three of us posing beside a biplane, an old crop-duster Will D. had bought and learned to fly. In the picture, we have just come back from our first flight over Caddo Parish. I am exultant. Gee looks amazed, bewildered. At a corner of the mantle, framed in a five-by-seven world, we stood almost lost amidst the stringers of perch we had caught nesting in the shallows of Wallace Lake. And the largest photo of all: we sit around this very table plucking doves. My fingers sought and found in the table&amp;rsquo;s smooth worn surface the initials we had all carved in it that same day.  &lt;br&gt;     But Gee wasn&amp;rsquo;t feeling nostalgic. His jaw was hard and his eyes stared unblinking out into the glow of the falling sun. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Way it turned out, maybe that&amp;rsquo;s what I should of done. Just walked out and yelled &lt;i&gt;Kamerad&lt;/i&gt; and seen what would of happened . . .  &lt;br&gt;     That irked me. &amp;ndash;I expect I can tell you what would have happened. What happened that same day to a hundred paratroopers who surrendered on the road to Malm&amp;eacute;dy . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Gee raised his hand. &amp;ndash;Don&amp;rsquo;t say too much. Wait till you see the bottom of the bowl fore you go to praising the soup.  &lt;br&gt;     I shut up. It was his story. I had waited too long for the hearing to go glossing it along the way. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I didn&amp;rsquo;t mess around. Them panzer boys looked nervous out of their box, and I figured they was going back in just as soon as they got done with my chipped beef. So I come out from behind that truck and run real quiet over to where they had some broke-down troop carriers. Been waiting out by the motor pool for a week for new parts. Thing was, they had a little armor on em and a firing slit here and there. One of em was broadside to that tank, maybe fifty, sixty yards away. Too far to chunk grenades, but close enough. Yes Lord, close enough for that big heavy clumsy BAR.  &lt;br&gt;     I could see what he saw then. I could see that hulk of gray-green steel with a white-trimmed black cross on the turret. I could see the crew and infantry outlined against the vast silent woods behind, squatting around  &lt;br&gt;37   &lt;br&gt;the fire, watching the failing snowflakes melt in the air above it. I could even see Gee climbing into the troop carrier inch by inch with cold numb hands, hefting the BAR with surgical care lest metal touch metal and he be discovered. I could feel the chill inside the carrier, see the old brittle snow drifted up in its corners, initials scratched into its brown paint, initials of men who had died or been wounded weeks, months ago in our murderous grand tour across Europe. I seemed to be sitting in that powerless ruin staring out at the little gathering of enemy troops, thinking, There must be a hundred and eleven good reasons to let them pass unhindered and then hit out for the woods and search for an American unit. Gee smiled at my sigh. Now his face was illuminated by the evening sun. For a moment, he looked much younger. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Wisht you been there, huh? When I got up in that carrier and threw down on them chumps eating my beef, I thought, Well, it took all kinds of particular hell, but here I am finally got to be a soldier. I wasn&amp;rsquo;t help no more.  &lt;br&gt;     He fell silent then, still savoring it. Even at this remove, it still belonged to him: a memory entered into the flesh, carried to the heart to lodge there in its fullness as deeply and as permanently as love or hope or the dubious certainty of glory, salvation, itself. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I took out the panzer crew first. See, I had it all figured out. The troops were in them white winter coveralls and them tankers stood out like squirrels in an empty tree. Black Panzer Grenadier uniforms. Real pretty. First burst took all three of em down and holed that big pot of chipped beef. Rest of em froze for just a second, but I didn&amp;rsquo;t. I had waited too damn long to be a soldier to go wasting time. I just emptied that first magazine across em. Took down eight to ten. You know that BAR. Man hated to carry it, but when push come to shove, there he was: a one?man army. The rest of em took to running behind the tank except for one big old boy who come right at me. I blew him on back across the fire, and then I watched that tank turret. They had em a machine gun mounted on it, and if any of em got to it, I reckoned them slugs would go through the troop carrier like a hot knife through butter. But it stayed quiet awhile. I wasn&amp;rsquo;t in no hurry. Where was I gonna go? And they didn&amp;rsquo;t have no idea how many of me there was. Sure enough, just waiting, I got me two more.  &lt;br&gt;     He was excited then, evoking that long-gone winter day that was slipping away from us at unimaginable velocity to join with all the other distant conflicts that we glorify simply because we have survived them and because to remember them as anything but heroic would make the remembrance of freezing cold and death and mutilation too awful to bear even at this distance, even when their last echoes sounding across  &lt;br&gt;38   &lt;br&gt;the foreshortening of history place them nearer to Fredericksburg or the Somme or the retreat of the Grand Army from Moscow than to us.  &lt;br&gt;     As I watched, that damned gift of the hormones that makes us men and makes us do what men all yearn to do whether we are honest and introspective enough to admit it or not, transfigured the old man they called Uncle Gee. That careful distracted distant oriental expression of his was gone, and all the rest&amp;ndash;gray hair, stoop, wrinkles&amp;ndash;seemed mere accretions, accidents generally put upon old men. For our injustice. According to the ordinance of time. As if still, even now in the midst of this glowing autumn of our lives, our reality, what was real about us, remained our youth, our courage, our willingness to make payment of our puny uncertain lives in advance if only we could believe, imagine, that the prize we would never see would have been worth it. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;From then on, old son, it come to be root hog or die. I whacked me one behind the CP tent and right about then another one got me in the leg from behind. I kind of dropped like in the movie shows, twisted around in the snow and caught him coming in to finish me. Blowed off his white hood and his head sprayed all over the snow. I had to roll then, cause another one was shooting from the front of the tank. I got in close and put the BAR under the tank, and when I seen his legs, I cut em off and gave him a couple more when he fell. Then I thought it was done and like a fool I stood up to see just what I had got done. One of em hit me in the back from all the way to the woodsline. I believe I got him too. I had got fifteen, maybe twenty of em, and the rest lit out. So I leaned up against that tank to see what they&amp;rsquo;d done me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Much pain?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Naw. More scared than hurting. You know how it is. When you really hurt, you don&amp;rsquo;t feel nothing for a while. I was bleeding, but the blood froze as quick as it run. The one in the back worried me. It had come out under my arm, and I couldn&amp;rsquo;t hardly move it. I thought, That&amp;rsquo;s all right. I done what I was supposed to do, what they wouldn&amp;rsquo;t let me do before. It&amp;rsquo;s over now. Army&amp;rsquo;s gonna come back and they&amp;rsquo;ll fix me up and I&amp;rsquo;m gonna be dishing chipped beef again. But, Lord, I did have my day.  &lt;br&gt;     I leaned back and sipped some whiskey. Somehow I had thought it would be worse. Gee had the medal coming. Men had gotten it for less. It was absurd that he had had to wait so long but, as he said, he had been help. Maybe it had required the passage of time and some form of general enlightenment for the country to recognize what help could do when the kitchen was blown away. The whole thing was simple. I would counsel Gee to put aside his resentment and fear, go to Washington, accept the medal and whatever belated fustian and panoply might go with it. It was surely his due, however late. I could make no correlation  &lt;br&gt;39   &lt;br&gt;between a bit of bronze hanging on a ribbon and twenty German lives on a freezing winter morning in Belgium over thirty years ago, but it is what we have always done and I suppose it is all right. It seemed I was going to be able to do a service for him and for Billy as well, and send the bureaucrats back to their musty files to determine who else they had lost in the course of the years. But I made a mistake. I said:  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You didn&amp;rsquo;t come out too bad. I&amp;rsquo;ve got a skinful of good Krupp steel myself . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Maybe it was what I said. Maybe it was my tone of voice.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Haw, Gee rasped, the failing sun shining back at me out of his crimson eyes. The humor, the youth had vanished utterly. His face was that of an old man again. Not that of a careful distracted old man already studying on his last end. Rather that of an old man bereft not only of youth and strength and future, but of hope, belief, any kind of faith at all. It was the face of an old man shot through with fury and hatred as adamantine and unalterable as that ordinance of time that brings us here and takes us hence. It was a face to fear and turn from.  &lt;br&gt;     But I couldn&amp;rsquo;t turn, you see. Not then. Not again. I had turned from him once in that hospital beside that bed that had borne the poor remains of one we had both loved. I had turned then and left him there with the dead. To have done it once was an infamy; to do it twice I reckoned must be the death of the soul.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Haw, he laughed again harshly, dragging himself to his feet as if in the next instant he would throw himself across the table at me. But instead he turned up the wick of the lamp to its fullest even though the fading sun still filled the room.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You want to see? I&amp;rsquo;ll show you. I&amp;rsquo;m gonna show you . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He stood up straight and began to unbuckle his belt. He unfastened his trousers and let them down slowly, turned a little to the side as if he were determined not to let me see what he had to show bit by bit. Then, trousers on the floor, he opened his shirt and turned back into the unrelenting shameless light. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Christ, I heard myself say.  &lt;br&gt;     There was nothing more to say and, if there had been, I could not have choked it out. There before me pitted and scarred, puckered and broken and poorly sewn, was the body of a man who had no business being alive, much less walking, functioning like the rest of us.  &lt;br&gt;     His belly was warped and twisted, ribs broken and badly healed, the dark flesh indented, gouged out and piled like refuse from craters on the shadowed side of an alien moon. Not a single hole turned glossy and given the patina of years, but ten, twelve, maybe more&amp;ndash;any one of them seeming surely a death to nature. And that was the least of it.  &lt;br&gt;40   &lt;br&gt;     His thighs were barely thicker than the bones encased in that riddled skin and torn muscle. Whole chunks of flesh were gone. There were obvious grafts and overgrafts, results of countless operations. There were stitches, tiny light patterns like the delicate bones of small fish running in rich profusion line by line, line over line, across skin of no certain color rendered an awful simulacrum of pale pink healthy tissue by the glow of the lamp, the faltering light of the setting sun. There were patches, lumps, hillocks, and ridges of bright purple, veins and arteries erupting toward the surface of that tortured skin, making along with the rest an explicit relief map of agony so detailed that it numbed the senses more surely than Roy Polk&amp;rsquo;s whiskey. I must have uttered some sound, some mumbled word of compassion.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Hold up, Gee cut me off, his voice cold and ancient and metallic. &amp;ndash;Hold up. We wasn&amp;rsquo;t raised to be soft. We killed in our time. And cleaned what we killed and looked straight at it, huh? That&amp;rsquo;s what kind of people we been.  &lt;br&gt;     Then, before I was even able to manage what I had seen, bring myself back within the ambit of that control Gee was demanding, requiring of me, he lowered his shorts. I looked, because I had no choice. As he said, That&amp;rsquo;s what kind of people we&amp;rsquo;ve been. And when, in the streaming golden light of that October sun, I had done my duty, looked upon what he insisted I see, I fainted.  &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m sorry, I heard Gee saying from a long way off. &amp;ndash;I just got myself carried away. It wasn&amp;rsquo;t no excuse for visiting it on you . . . You didn&amp;rsquo;t . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I was back in the room then, lying on Gee&amp;rsquo;s bed. The bed he had been lying on night after night for thirty years and more. He was dressed and leaning over me with a wet cloth in his hand.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Listen, he was saying, anxiety, some tincture of guilty fear in his eyes, &amp;ndash;You ain&amp;rsquo;t got no trouble with your heart, do you? I can walk up to Billy&amp;rsquo;s and use the phone and . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I sat up, staring at him. &amp;ndash;No, I said. &amp;ndash;Nothing that I know about. Nothing yet. You walk up to the Wendell house? What I want to know is how in Christ&amp;rsquo;s name you got me onto this bed.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Carried you, he said frowning. &amp;ndash;I ain&amp;rsquo;t no cripple.  &lt;br&gt;     I stood up and found my way back to the table. As I did so, I saw the child lying asleep on an old cot or rollaway bed in the corner, the feist curled at her feet. I poured some whiskey and sat down, not looking at Gee, feeling the liquor so full and strong that I had to speak slowly and carefully in order to speak at all. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;ll tell you this, I said, abashed by my voice&amp;rsquo;s quaver. &amp;ndash;If they want to give you the goddamned capitol building and Fort Knox, I&amp;rsquo;m going to see you take them. I&amp;rsquo;m going up there with you, hear? And Billy&amp;rsquo;s going  &lt;br&gt;41   &lt;br&gt;too because if he didn&amp;rsquo;t Will D. would whip his ass. And everybody with eyes and ears in Caddo Parish is going to know . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, Gee said evenly. Not loudly or even argumentatively, just commandingly, finally. &amp;ndash;You ain&amp;rsquo;t going to do anything like that. Not just because I say no, but because you ain&amp;rsquo;t gonna want to. You still ain&amp;rsquo;t seen the bottom of the bowl.  &lt;br&gt;     I stared at him, my hand bearing the cup of whiskey still shaking. What else could there be? What else could he have to tell me?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;See, it wasn&amp;rsquo;t the Germans done me this. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What, I started. &amp;ndash;You said . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I said one in the leg and one in the back. The rest of it an American done . . .  &lt;br&gt;V    &lt;br&gt;It was close to morning when I drove up in front of Billy and Loreen&amp;rsquo;s place, a long low lodge built of logs, tight and comfortable as a house could be. I believe it had been built before the Confederate War, back when this part of Louisiana was still pioneer territory, before the Greek revival and our own arrogance had driven us to vainglorious displays of wealth and power. Later, generations of the Wendells had added rooms here and there, but always making use of fine cypress off their own land, logs impervious to wet and cold and summer heat. The house would still stand in place when we and generations more had come and gone.  &lt;br&gt;     I turned off my key and shivered a little. I would have put the cloth top on the jeep had I expected to be out driving in the hours before dawn. But sensible older men are asleep then, not out on empty autumn roads half-drunk and despondent and cold.  &lt;br&gt;     I could see a light on down at the far end of the house where the kitchen was. Loreen would be up already fixing breakfast for the children. I took a deep breath that seared my lungs. Chill fall air. The somber trees and vast vacant harvested fields were darkest gray. Some bird muttered in a nearby pin oak, and a ragged breeze picked up from the east.  &lt;br&gt;     I climbed out of the jeep slowly and found myself walking across the empty fields as if I were on my way to meet Will D. and Gee before sunup on a hunt morning. Then I recalled myself, my time, my situation. I doubt I will ever be that tired again&amp;ndash;until just before I will be tired no more. For some reason it occurred to me that Rowena would find I had not been home and would worry. Despite all, I did not want that. I made a note to call her. I did not want anyone, least of all someone entitled to my best love, to feel the isolation, the fear, the sorrow with which I had spent the long night. &lt;br&gt;42   &lt;br&gt;       &amp;ndash;Good Lord, Loreen said. &amp;ndash;Youall have talked all day and all night too. Maybe you better not wait so long for the next visit.  &lt;br&gt;     She kissed me and sat me down at her table and poured good hot fresh coffee. The children were not yet up and Loreen, in a blue terry cloth robe, went about her routine. She seemed neither happy nor sad. She was doing what she always did. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Is it all that serious? she asked me after a while. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What&amp;rsquo;s that, honey? I asked, trying to focus my attention.  &lt;br&gt;     Loreen turned from the big eight-burner stove Billy had bought her years ago. It was enormous, but nearly lost in that cavernous kitchen that you almost had to yell across. She looked suddenly exhausted, and I noticed her robe hung on her as if she had lost weight. I believe I had never given serious thought to their marriage before that moment. A marriage in my time was like the weather. Within bounds, it might shift and change. It might be better or worse from time to time. But it was a fixture, a foundation for the lives of all of us. I had not known of a divorce among the men and women of my generation. No, that&amp;rsquo;s wrong, there had been one. An old friend at the bar who had, it seemed, lost self-control and given way to some strong strange passion. He had left his family, divorced his wife, and married his first cousin. After that, no one knew him, and his wife was treated with great tenderness and respect as a widow, one whose husband had passed away under a cloud. As I recall, he had moved to Gladewater across the Texas border where no one had heard of what he had done, where he might live something like a life.  &lt;br&gt;     Billy&amp;rsquo;s and Loreen&amp;rsquo;s marriage was one of those that everyone took for granted. They had always made it seem as if neither of them would ever consider setting it down on some lawyer&amp;rsquo;s desk and walking away. They knew the cost of such a thing. There were the children, and deep habit too. They surely loved each other well enough. They fished together and went down to LSU football games with their friends and tended the place they both loved, and that was what their life was about. I say life&amp;ndash;not lives.  &lt;br&gt;     But not anymore. Now it seemed Billy Wendell had something else in view. And even professed to an orderly life, a sense of country decorum, the thirst for a predictable and decent way of doing things myself, I could not quite bring myself to damn him for looking at Terry Novis. Perhaps Loreen knew that, and it was such knowledge that had her drinking before dawn.  &lt;br&gt;     She saw my eyes on the glass. Her smile was tired but girlish, almost conspiratorial. &amp;ndash;You don&amp;rsquo;t tell on me, and I won&amp;rsquo;t tell on you, she said.  &lt;br&gt;43   &lt;br&gt;     It occurred to me to wonder if, had he lived, Will D. might not have done finally much the same as Billy. When, as he, we fall away into that great depth at a propitious moment, in a heroic way, those left living, teetering for the balance of their time at the edge of the common grave, will tend to think the best of what our ongoing might have been. They will fix us in our final gesture as if in amber, spare us&amp;ndash;and themselves&amp;ndash;those possible, no: those probable years that would have played-out our meanness, our selfishness, our improbity, our foolish unconcern. None of that for Will D. He remained among us young and brave and careless of the life he had to lose, a static bright single frame from a grainy film that runs on and on, to eternity, or nowhere.  &lt;br&gt;     Loreen finished her drink, poured herself some coffee and sat down with me. She was still a fine-looking woman. I wanted to tell her something, say something light and loving that would send the pain away if only for a moment or two. But nothing came. I had experienced enough pain all yesterday and through the night to loose a frozen cataract of sympathy and love and compassion. But nothing came. I felt like a priest bereft of faculties, one who stood at the shore of a slow-moving ocean of pain, tide coming in, still water strewn with the wreckage of human hopes and dreams. Mute. I took her hand but she moved it away to take up her coffee cup. Her eyes blinked and the anguish seemed to ebb. She smiled a weak morning smile. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Is it serious? she asked again. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What? The government business? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Uh-huh. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Nothing to it. It&amp;rsquo;s got nothing to do with Billy. Put it out of mind. I&amp;rsquo;ll see to it. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;They can give folks a lot of trouble, Loreen said dubiously as she made to sip her coffee. &amp;ndash;If they can&amp;rsquo;t get you one way, they&amp;rsquo;ll come back at you on something else. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Not this time. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What about that little girl over there? Albert, I don&amp;rsquo;t want that old man hurt, arrested. If you knew what he&amp;rsquo;s been through . . . But still, that child . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I know, I told her. &amp;ndash;It&amp;rsquo;s not what youall think. That&amp;rsquo;s something else you don&amp;rsquo;t have to worry about. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right. If you say so.  &lt;br&gt;     I looked at my watch. Down the hall, I could hear the children rising, dressing, storming into and out of the bathroom, their shrill laughter seeming to awaken the house itself. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;When will he be up? I asked Loreen. &amp;ndash;I want to talk to him. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Up, Loreen laughed bitterly. &amp;ndash;Albert, I just wouldn&amp;rsquo;t have any idea. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Is he sick? &lt;br&gt;44   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t know if he&amp;rsquo;s sick or drunk or dead. He didn&amp;rsquo;t sleep here last night.  &lt;br&gt;VI   &lt;br&gt;Rowena raised hell, of course. When I didn&amp;rsquo;t answer all of her questions, she observed that it was no use my killing myself just to keep up appearances. I might as well bring my trollops home. It had been a decent interval since Victoria&amp;rsquo;s passing and I was a grown man and she, Rowena, a grown woman who understood that even a man my age had a life to live, such as it was. Her tone implied that if I wanted to live out my few remaining days as a wretched and depraved whoremonger, that would be all right by her. She would simply refuse to notice, to even admit that it was going on. This view passed for extreme liberalism with Rowena. I tried to slink back to my room and get some rest, but Rowena would have none of it. When you think Rowena is done with you, she always has one barb more. She had breakfast almost done and I had to eat it. I needed it for my strength, she said slyly, her expression making it clearer than words that she understood the extraordinary energy requirements of one who carries slatterns to vile beds and ruts in seamy sheets. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well, I reckon you seen him . . . That is, before you . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I saw him. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash; . . . seen what he&amp;rsquo;s up to . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash; . . . up to? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That child. That little bitty girl. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Rowena . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Don&amp;rsquo;t start. I still got respect for you cause I can pretend I don&amp;rsquo;t even know where you was last night, since I don&amp;rsquo;t. But don&amp;rsquo;t say it&amp;rsquo;s all right about that old devil and that poor baby, cause I can&amp;rsquo;t get used to that. I go so far, but I don&amp;rsquo;t go no further . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Rowena, it&amp;rsquo;s all right.  &lt;br&gt;     An unfortunate choice of words. I was not drunk, but my head was spinning and my judicial temperament, always maintained at considerable expense of spirit, was shot to hell. Rowena put down her spoon and stared at me, as if she saw my tart seated naked in my lap, was watching me drink my coffee from her high-heeled pump. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right? My Lord, and folks had you up there on the bench handing down judgment . . . I don&amp;rsquo;t wonder that this world is . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You can stop wondering. It&amp;rsquo;s not that way. It&amp;rsquo;s not like anyone thinks. Goddamnit to hell, just let it lay. When you&amp;rsquo;re supposed to know anything, you will. Gee&amp;rsquo;s not debauching that child. Even if . . .  &lt;br&gt;45   &lt;br&gt;     My voice trailed off. I was going to be damned before I took to defending Gee to her. Rowena had certain privileges&amp;ndash;no, rights&amp;ndash;when it came to me and my affairs, sluts or no. But not with him. No one had any rights as far as Gee&amp;rsquo;s business was concerned. If a man has debts to the society that rears him, no matter in what fashion or from what motive, Gee&amp;rsquo;s debts had been cancelled, paid in full. At the edge of the Ardennes. December, 1944. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t want you low-rating Gee, I said in as even a voice as I could muster. &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t want to hear anything against him, Rowena. Not anything at all. You understand me?  &lt;br&gt;     Yes, she did. She knows me as a concertmaster knows his violin. It is nothing to say that she knows me better than I know myself because, for better or worse, I have never quite had the heart to begin a self-examination that, for me if not for all of us, must end in disillusion. I am not that old yet. I am not quite so much retired. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right, she answered in an equally even tone and turned away from me back to her work. &lt;br&gt;     When at last I was done with my eggs and grits and biscuits and ham and redeye gravy, when I had managed to get back to my room, sleep did not come. I was not surprised. Why should it? How could it? I lay there in my own bed, eyes on the ceiling, going over it again and again, seeking some kind of answer, some kind of understanding that would not do violence to that diminishing hoard of things I still believed in and held to be enduring and inviolate.  &lt;br&gt;     It occurred to me that I had felt the same way when Victoria died. I could remember standing down by Wallace Lake, staring out over the placid cold gray February water, thinking that actuarially she was supposed to have outlived me. Every statistic had me under ground years before her. I realized that I had always counted on that, had acted out my own dying in my mind, ashamed of my joy that I was the one escaping, that I would not have to bear her dying before me. But I had had to bear it. I had had to learn to live without her laughter, her smile, her touch. I was living that way now. It had been like losing one&amp;rsquo;s religious faith, looking out on a world without a soul, seeing with desperate clarity for the first time the crude machinery of reality rasping and clattering. Something had been taken out of the world and now there was no savor in it. One occupied oneself, or one considered ending all occupations. One decided finally that only the will of God might elicit such a conclusion. One quietly and without hope prayed to God for such release. And for something more: that one might be rejoined with that savor, that laughter, that smile, that touch&amp;ndash;if in no way more sensible than ignorant atoms spinning together forever, embraced in an orbit all their own.  &lt;br&gt;46   &lt;br&gt;     I raised my hands into a pale shaft of light that penetrated the bedroom curtains from outside. For all the marks of age, they were hands of a living man. A man now drawn into human maelstroms not of his design. But that of course had nothing to do with it. Not to have achieved transcendence, to stand on the earth, simply to take up room in space and time drives us to playing out a destiny. I was beginning to drift a bit, and as I did I could not help but remember the end of Gee&amp;rsquo;s story. Or perhaps it was some part of my singular destiny to live it then at the very edge of dreaming, cast backward in his place to that iron&amp;ndash;gray December day in an alien place, dying his life, living his death, feeling the fresh cold snow falling on my dark face.  &lt;br&gt;     He had been sitting on the ground amidst the dead Germans trying to tighten a tourniquet around his leg. He was using a belt from one of the dead men. The buckle said &lt;i&gt;Gott Mit Uns&lt;/i&gt;. The leg had stopped bleeding by then, but Gee had said he couldn&amp;rsquo;t get his mind off my namesake. Genl. Albert Sidney Johnston, who had bled to death in the saddle at Shiloh from a wound no worse than Gee&amp;rsquo;s. He had gotten the belt cinched up and was about to eat some of his own chipped beef that still simmered over the fire, fat dripping from bullet holes in the pot, when he heard in the distance, coming from the west, from the direction in which the panzer units had gone, the sound of a single engine.  &lt;br&gt;     He was on his feet then, hopping over to the tank. He knew he couldn&amp;rsquo;t drive the thing, but he could use the machine gun mounted on the turret. He was trying to drag himself up onto the prow of the tank, but it was slippery with freezing blood. He was still clawing and scrabbling when whatever it was pulled up in front of the blasted CP. &lt;br&gt;     He was too cold, too slow, too clumsy, he thought. If it was more Germans, it wouldn&amp;rsquo;t even be a fight. He lay there spread?eagled across the scarlet and gray prow of the tank, already feeling the blast of gunfire that would carry him across the bourne to join Will D. whom he did not even know was dead three weeks ahead of him.  &lt;br&gt;     But the fusillade had not come. Not yet. Not just yet. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Hey, Joe, he heard from behind.  &lt;br&gt;     And turning, saw the jeep with four GI&amp;rsquo;s in it. In the front seat, next to the driver, was a young lieutenant, helmet off, submachine gun in hand. He was blond, crewcut, handsome, expressionless. He looked very tired. He surveyed the German dead who lay sprawled in the attitudes that death had brought to them. One lay on his back, the smallest of smiles on his lips, one hand fallen insouciantly into the fire. It was burned away to the wrist. Another sat, the mess?kit in his lap filled with chipped beef, his own brains, icy blood and drifted snow. One of the tankers lay propped against the drive wheels of the panzer, a look of  &lt;br&gt;47   &lt;br&gt;utter and unrelieved astonishment on his face, from which most of the lower jaw was missing.  &lt;br&gt;     The lieutenant had watched Gee slide down the smooth prow of the tank, landing on his feet but falling, his wounded leg no longer able to support him. Gee&amp;rsquo;s eyes and the lieutenant&amp;rsquo;s eyes had met, held. The lieutenant&amp;rsquo;s face was flushed, still expressionless but red. He gestured with the barrel of the submachine gun. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You . . . made all this? he asked softly, his accent not one from any Southern state.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yeah, Gee had told him. &amp;ndash;Wasn&amp;rsquo;t anybody else. They all took off. Listen, I need help . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Help, the lieutenant had repeated almost in a whisper, gazing one last time over the killing ground. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes, of course.  &lt;br&gt;     And Gee, still twisting on that belt to keep what was left of his blood inside where it belonged, saw the lieutenant lift his submachine gun almost casually, aim it at him, and pull the trigger. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Here&amp;rsquo;s your help, nigger. Welcome to Germany . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Afterward, lying tranced in that deep white silence, immersed, covered, annihilated by the falling snow that filled the already overburdened trees, covered the dark mass of the tank, shrouded the scattered stiffening bodies including his own, it seemed to him that all the universe had become that neutral spectral color of death. The pale tint of great age, ashes, bone, of the face of an American officer who had riddled him, torn him to pieces from his waist down to the ground and left him bleeding in the snow.  &lt;br&gt;     He could even remember in that delirium, that transport, the faces of the other three Americans who had stayed in the jeep watching impassive as their lieutenant cut him down. The last thing he remembered before he lost consciousness completely was the strange discordant sight of his own dark hand raised, denying, trying to hold back that cover of white that sighed and groaned from the trees beyond the windless clearing and kept failing on him out of a dead-white sky.  &lt;br&gt;     He had done with the telling then, and I sat staring down at the rough table top. Gee had come over close to me. His face was covered with sweat. His voice was small and exhausted and dead.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You don&amp;rsquo;t believe me, he said tonelessly. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Of course I . . . believe you. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No you don&amp;rsquo;t. You don&amp;rsquo;t believe they ever made a white man could do that. I know you don&amp;rsquo;t believe it, &amp;rsquo;cause I didn&amp;rsquo;t believe it. Lying there, knowing I was dead, listening to that jeep driving off in the snow, I didn&amp;rsquo;t believe it . . .  &lt;br&gt;48   &lt;br&gt;     He had walked away to the door of the cabin. Outside the sky was lowering. Once more it was delicate, soft, abstract as it had been at dawn. Pink and faded gold, gray and close to purple. Night was coming. I stood up and over to look out on the cold fields from beside him. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Wasn&amp;rsquo;t nobody said they had to love me. They didn&amp;rsquo;t even have to help me . . .  &lt;br&gt;     It was the cold that saved him. It had congealed the blood in his wounds, numbed the pain till a shaken nervous squad of Americans had come across him on their way through German lines back into allied territory. He had been taken to a field hospital. Screaming. The battle of the Ardennes was still in doubt and there was no more morphine and there wasn&amp;rsquo;t going to be any until January. Gee was in Bastogne. Besieged, surrounded, the sound of artillery and small arms going on all day and all night had not bothered him at all because he hardly ever heard it above his own screaming.  &lt;br&gt;     He had been afraid to let any of the medical personnel touch him except for one black orderly from somewhere in Minnesota, who decided early on that Gee&amp;rsquo;s wounds had driven him crazy and that, racial solidarity aside, Gee was one dangerous nigger. The orderly had spread his tale, observing that Southern country blacks are very different from the rest of us, and had demanded an armed MP to observe from the doorway when he was required to minister to Gee.  &lt;br&gt;     Gee&amp;rsquo;s foul reputation had served him, though, because when Patton&amp;rsquo;s Third Army broke through, he was the first man in the hospital to get morphine. To shut him up, he said. Not so much to kill the pain. To keep the white men in the ward, driven near to frenzy by his ravings, from finishing up what one white man had started, tried his level best to do out in the Ardennes, out in the cold white snow.  &lt;br&gt;     He had told me the rest: about the suicide attempts when he had come to himself at last back in a hospital in England and realized the extent of what had been done to him. How he had made the mistake of telling an intelligence officer what had happened. That had resulted in a visit from a ranking division officer with cold eyes and gray-blond hair. Gee had imagined him the father of the lieutenant in the jeep. The officer told Gee that he was obviously fantasizing out of a deep-seated hatred of whites and that, if he told the story around, it would be court-martial talk. The colonel told Gee he could assure him two years in the stockade&amp;ndash;about a year and nine months more than a man in his condition could possibly survive. No one in the army would question such a sentence. Not for a moment.  &lt;br&gt;     After that, Gee had gotten smart and gotten quiet. He came to a single obsessive thought: if he could get back to Caddo Parish, back to  &lt;br&gt;49   &lt;br&gt;the land W. D. had given him, he would be safe. Not whole. Not well. He was never going to be either of those again. But safe.  &lt;br&gt;     They had put him on a ship and sent him back the way he had come, except this time he was flat on his back in the hospital section. He had tried to stay awake as much as he could, fearing that they would try to do him while he slept. But nobody paid him any mind, and at last he was home. No parade, no cheers, no grateful countrymen eager to shake his hand&amp;ndash;which was just as well, since even the thought of being crowded, mobbed, surrounded by a mass of white men would likely have driven him over the brink.  &lt;br&gt;     Simply a brown dusty ambulance from Barksdale Air Base out to the Wendell place with Mrs. Wendell riding beside him, holding his hand in hers, crying not for his condition, which she did not yet know about in any detail, but for what she must tell him, waiting in dread for the moment when he would ask.  &lt;br&gt;     On the way home, through the sweet mild North Louisiana spring, a light rain falling, laying the dust on Ellerbe Road, he had asked and she had told him about Will D., who had fallen out of the sky. They had cried together the rest of the way.  &lt;br&gt;     Mrs. Wendell had kept him at the house for almost a year. Until she was absolutely sure he could shift for himself. Gee did not say and I did not ask, but considering his character and hers, I knew he had never told her anything about that day in the Ardennes, in the white snow. He had passed the time with Billy, teaching him to remember his father, telling the little boy who could barely understand about the old days when the three of us were together and the world was young and bold.  &lt;br&gt;     I looked away from the ceiling then because I did not want to remember the rest of it. I wished, lying there sleepless, that Billy had never come by my house with his damned silly problem. I wished that Loreen had known some jake-leg lawyer and had had nothing to ask me. I especially wished that I had not gone over to Gee&amp;rsquo;s place. Because now that I had, the genie had taken full and final form, its scarred broken flesh as real, as undeniable as my own. It had beckoned me into the shadows and spoken to me. It had grown titanic, huge enough to beggar my something like a life and to make that certain feeling of bad faith take up permanent residence in my heart.  &lt;br&gt;     I will not lie, and it is much too late to equivocate. But I wish I had been raised able to do either the one or the other. The rest of what he told me was this: when he had heard I was wounded in France, but that I would live, he had gotten down on his ruined knees and thanked God Almighty that I had not been taken from him, too. And then he had waited. He knew when I got home. Mrs. Wendell had told him, expecting in her own decency that my first trip out from town would be back to  &lt;br&gt;50   &lt;br&gt;them, to those who had reared me, who had first claim on my affections. And at last I had come. To see her. But Gee was on his own place by then and didn&amp;rsquo;t know. Anyhow, he had not yet taught himself to walk again. It was the next day when he heard of my visit. He reckoned that I had to have a reason, so he had just waited again. He had been waiting for over thirty years.  &lt;br&gt;     It was no use. I wasn&amp;rsquo;t going to sleep. I had just as well rise and use up the rest of the day. Anyhow, it was best I didn&amp;rsquo;t sleep then&amp;ndash;only to awaken deep in the night rested, thinking. I didn&amp;rsquo;t want that. The last thing I wanted on God&amp;rsquo;s sweet earth just then was the time and the isolation to look inside myself.  &lt;br&gt;     What I wanted was a long blistering day on the bench with recalcitrant attorneys not afraid to risk contempt. But I couldn&amp;rsquo;t have that. I had handed it over. Anyhow, it was not the substance of that old life that I wanted&amp;ndash;only the concentration required to assure against mistrial or reversal, only the clean fatigue that followed. Failing that, I tried to decide what I had to do and how to do it. I took coffee out on the porch and watched leaves failing for a long time in silence. Then I began to get something like an idea. Not a solution, but an approach. To one of my problems anyhow. That was a start. Ask any lawyer&amp;ndash;the first thing you need, facts aside, is a theory of the case. &lt;br&gt;VII   &lt;br&gt;I drove into Shreveport and left the jeep over on Fannin Street. There were parking lots closer to the federal courthouse, but it was October, the air was clear and clean, and I do like to walk in that town.  &lt;br&gt;     I used to suppose that every man and woman must have a special feeling for the place where they were raised up, the place they first called home, and even now I am convinced that once they did. No more. There is something in the modern temper contemptuous of the past, of that which stands. It is as if all our collective yesterdays have suffered Nietzsche&amp;rsquo;s special curse: the transvaluation of all values. What our fathers thought of as good, what our mothers treasured, we reject, repudiate, put aside. Lord, even the popular songsters know it. Anything goes. We seem to be passing through one of those vast sea-changes of the human spirit that take place from time to time. I recall as a young man taking a history of art course at LSU. I sat and watched as western art moved from the ideal stasis of Phidias and Praxiteles through the stark realism of the Hellenistic, past the age of Roman copyists, and on into the disintegrating nightmare of Byzantine mosaic where the human image was shattered into a wilderness of glass chips, gold leaf, gestures laden with a spiritual meaning we have not understood for a thousand  &lt;br&gt;51   &lt;br&gt;years&amp;ndash;glories, halos, ikons, images, symbols&amp;ndash;the classical logos sublimed away in hysterias of faith.  &lt;br&gt;     I was thinking of our lost humanity&amp;ndash;especially of my own&amp;ndash;as I walked, wondering why we seemed nowadays to be moving away from ourselves once more, and the thought sent me on a circuitous route around downtown. I walked up to the foot of the Texas Street Bridge and looked down on the Red River which flows from the Texas-Oklahoma border past Shreveport down to join the Mississippi near Angola where the state penitentiary is, where I had sent a man or two in my time.  &lt;br&gt;     Here, along this slow sinuous reach of muddy water, Captain Henry Miller Shreve had cleared a great logjam and opened the river to commerce a hundred and fifty years ago. I walked over to Spring Street and Milam, a quiet corner now, at the top of what they once called Insurance Row. Only a flicker of time ago, the headquarters of Genl. Edmund Kirby-Smith, Commander of the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Army of the Confederate States of America, had stood there. A moment later, Will D. and I had walked this street up and down looking for some insurance firm foolish enough or assured enough to issue a policy on that damned biplane which Will D. had ended up crashing into the back yard of a forgotten girl he had fancied one summer.  &lt;br&gt;     Lord, I thought, how can there be people who don&amp;rsquo;t love their own place, who hope and seek something better, something more lasting? I paced up and down in my shadow town, and to and fro in it until I had had enough. Then I went over to the U.S. courthouse and found my way to George Wesley&amp;rsquo;s chambers. It was lunchtime by then and as I walked the quiet corridors, I realized I had not been into town, made the rounds, since my retirement had begun. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well, you stayed out there a lot longer than I thought you would, George said. &amp;ndash;Fished out? Looking for work? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Lord no, I answered. &amp;ndash;That lake is pure joy in the fall. You know that.  &lt;br&gt;     He nodded. He did know that. He had a place a few miles down along the shore from me. But U. S. district judges do not have much time for such things as afternoons on a quiet lake. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;re getting restless. I can tell. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No. You&amp;rsquo;re hoping I&amp;rsquo;m getting restless so you can say I told you so.  &lt;br&gt;     George laughed. He and I have been friends since law school. Not what you would call close friends since we see the world from different angles. But George is especially partial to me because when a district judgeship fell vacant, I took my name out of contention and supported him. He could not understand why I did not want the job. When I told him I was not anxious to execute the laws of the United States as they  &lt;br&gt;52   &lt;br&gt;were presently interpreted, he was aghast. It was beyond him to conceive of a lawyer who had no interest in playing that game as the rules dictated. Any rules at all. It was the only game worth playing in the whole damned country, George told me. I let that pass and supported him anyhow. George is a fine technician and an honest man. We cannot wait for the emergence of philosophers to man the federal bench, and if we did we might end up with Robespierre or Plekhanov, or Hugh Hefner&amp;ndash;philosophers all, some would say. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You want to borrow my secretary, George grinned in answer to my request. &amp;ndash;You and every lecher in North Louisiana. I trust you know the Mann Act is still in force . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I grinned right back. &amp;ndash;What I have in mind I can do right here. I don&amp;rsquo;t have to take the girl across a state line. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Why is it I don&amp;rsquo;t feel reassured? George asked.  &lt;br&gt;     We both laughed shamelessly and I told George as much as I wanted to tell him. If Terry had a little spare time, I needed some secretarial help with a petition and so on. He looked at me in silence for a moment. I tried to return his gaze as innocently as I could, but it seemed that every way I turned lately that feeling of bad faith kept creeping up on me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;She&amp;rsquo;s going to have some spare time all right. I&amp;rsquo;m going to take off a few days. I&amp;rsquo;m going out there by your place and see if I can chase down some of those damned squirrels before they eat up the parish. I was planning to give you a call, see if I could talk you out of an afternoon with Tacitus or Herodotus or whoever and into a general assault on those rodents. &lt;br&gt;     We walked over to the Caddo Coffee Shop and ordered roast beef sandwiches. It was old home week there. Insurance people and lawyers, oil men, court reporters, men I had grown up with, men whose suits I had urged, others I had heard, stopped by our table to say hello. The oil business was booming, the court dockets were full, everybody seemed to need insurance and real estate prices were going sky-high. The old exuberance was still there, and it was good just for a little while to feel it pulsing around me again.  &lt;br&gt;     George pressed and I responded. I needed Terry to help me draft up a little matter &lt;i&gt;in re&lt;/i&gt; Gaspard Penniwell. He pressed a little harder&amp;ndash;which was what I hoped and expected he would do&amp;ndash;so I told him what was going on. He sat over his coffee in silence for a while. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Why don&amp;rsquo;t you save the legal paper and call the man up in Washington? Talk to him. Tell him what happened. My Lord, Al, maybe this is the government&amp;rsquo;s way of trying to make up for . . . &lt;br&gt;&amp;ndash;George, you&amp;rsquo;re doing a commercial. We both know who signs your paycheck. I don&amp;rsquo;t think the U. S. Government knows what happened to  &lt;br&gt;53   &lt;br&gt;Gee and I don&amp;rsquo;t think they&amp;rsquo;d give a good goddamn if they did. You reckon they&amp;rsquo;re going to play Simon Wiesenthal and hunt down the miserable sonofabitch who did it, and who by now, if he&amp;rsquo;s even still alive, if he made it through the war and all the years since, is a respectable broker or banker or&amp;ndash;God help us&amp;ndash;a federal judge?  &lt;br&gt;     That got to George. He is thoroughly reconstructed&amp;ndash;a sorry attitude for a Southerner, but one common among those who have a short memory, poor concentration, and deep pockets. When I allude to his New South credentials, he tends to sulk. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Then what the hell do you intend to do? he asked. &amp;ndash;There&amp;rsquo;s no future in suing the government. They&amp;rsquo;ll blow you out of court on laches, failure to state a claim upon . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;re missing it, I said. &amp;ndash;We . . . Gee doesn&amp;rsquo;t want their damned money any more than he wants their medals. I&amp;rsquo;m going to ask for an injunction.  &lt;br&gt;     He chewed on that. &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;re going to ask injunctive relief against the U.S. on the ground that they&amp;rsquo;re harassing your man, trying to give him the Congressional Medal of Honor? Jesus, Albert . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;If he doesn&amp;rsquo;t want it and they go to threatening his friends and raising hell, what would you call it? Remember that wonderful liberal right to be let alone? You and I know it&amp;rsquo;s all a black man&amp;rsquo;s life is worth to tiptoe around south of Cincinnati, but this here crazy old nigger&amp;rsquo;s just bound to do it. And there are some zany white folks who have managed to hold their bloodthirsty appetites in check and do him no harm for nearly seventy years . . .  &lt;br&gt;     George waved me quiet. He knows I am a past master not of the cheap shot, but of the absolutely free shot. I believe&amp;ndash;I hope&amp;ndash;that I have never missed a chance to nudge him in regard to some of the pompous imbecilities he serves in the name of the United States. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You can use Terry while I&amp;rsquo;m off. If you pay her right. I just hope to hell this thing doesn&amp;rsquo;t land on my docket. I&amp;rsquo;d rather let Phil Winwood or one of his rebel confreres handle it. Shit, what&amp;rsquo;s the country coming to when a man not only refuses the Medal of Honor but files an injunction to keep them from forcing it on him? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;December, 1944. Near Losheim. Cold and snowing, and Troy Middleton&amp;rsquo;s 8th Corps caving in like a wet paper bag, getting hell kicked out of it. Right then and there the country had already come to whatever you&amp;rsquo;re going on about. That particular turn of the screw canceled every debt.  &lt;br&gt;     George didn&amp;rsquo;t say anything. I believe he did not see that as a cheap shot. I paid the check and we left.  &lt;br&gt;     She was bent over her typewriter&amp;ndash;no, that&amp;rsquo;s not so. She was sitting behind her typewriter, keeping its keys moving at an incredible rate,  &lt;br&gt;54   &lt;br&gt;knocking out some lengthy and complex judgment that another secretary might have made hash of. I stood in the door for a moment watching. Her hair was like a red gold halo around a face that seemed wise and innocent at once. A secret room in my heart opened again, the one where Victoria and I had lived together once. It had never been dismantled, only closed up, still stacked with dusty emotional furniture no longer in use because one of the residents had moved on and the other could not find courage enough to remain there alone&amp;ndash;much less let it to someone else. You old bastard, I thought to myself, can it be that room in the heart is finally and simply dedicated to feminine beauty, to the sheer miracle of the single thing in the world that can disorient and disarm you? I believe I said yes to myself. &lt;br&gt;     Just then, Terry glanced up and her smile was more than the courtesy paid former jurists who drop by. Or so I imagined. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Judge Finch, she said, the smile widening. &amp;ndash;Hi. Have you decided to go back to work? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It feels like I&amp;rsquo;ve never been away, Terry. How are you? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Fine. I just got Judge Wesley&amp;rsquo;s note. What can I do for you? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I ought to let you catch up while he&amp;rsquo;s out defending us against the squirrel population.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, really. We never catch up. They file quicker than we can dispose. I&amp;rsquo;ve given up. A judge&amp;rsquo;s work is never done.  &lt;br&gt;     She got up and cleared files off a chair for me. To watch her move was a revelation. The bodies of certain women possess a kinetic force, a richness and joy of presence which make the very space around them move and sing and vibrate with life. Some men would like to close their eyes at last on a lovely sunset. Others overlooking a great range of mountains. If I were to be given the choice of some natural wonder to contemplate as the last breath flees my lungs, I would ask for an unclothed woman who need pay me no heed at all but simply go about whatever business she might be on in that condition, and ignore the last great sigh she would hear issuing from nothing more than a scattering of leaves and twigs stirred by the wind, only the wind. &lt;br&gt;      You see? Terry Novis drives me to indirection. Moses was blinded for three days seeing only the hinder parts of the Lord. Seeing the same portion of Terry made me blink at least. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;We&amp;rsquo;ve missed you, she was saying, and having spent years judging the credibility of witnesses, I believed she meant it. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Everybody over in state court says your being gone is like . . . losing their iron pills, she said.  &lt;br&gt;     I laughed. &amp;ndash;I guess it&amp;rsquo;s nice to be missed. But they don&amp;rsquo;t need me for metal. Judge Putnam&amp;rsquo;s a hanging judge . . . &lt;br&gt;55   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It&amp;rsquo;s not that. I&amp;rsquo;ve read some of your opinions. They . . . always go beyond the case.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Sounds bad. I always tried to keep em tight. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m not saying it right. I read &lt;i&gt;Leavis v. Snow&lt;/i&gt; . . . and I could see that lady, old Mrs. Snow . . . about to lose everything . . . and you said . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash; . . . we have here no contract, whatever appearances might suggest. This case sounds in quasi-contract, moved by facts rather than a flood tide of contrived paper . . .  &lt;br&gt;     We smiled together and she went on. &amp;ndash;The conscience of this court may not stand as self-appointed chancellor. Yet neither shall it suffer manifest self-interest to make use of the instruments of justice to work injustice . . . &lt;br&gt;     She nodded. &amp;ndash;It was . . . right. It&amp;rsquo;s . . . what all of us want, isn&amp;rsquo;t it? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I hope so. You know what happened?  &lt;br&gt;     Her face fell. &amp;ndash;You mean with the case? Please, judge, don&amp;rsquo;t tell me they reversed you . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes and no. They reversed on the reasoning with a mean little instruction to the effect that we don&amp;rsquo;t do equity in Louisiana. But they kept the result on other grounds they managed to invent . . . and Mrs. Snow kept her house . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Terry clapped her hands. &amp;ndash;See? They had to. You made them do it . . . You make the law live.  &lt;br&gt;     Her eyes dropped and she pulled up short as if she were embarrassed. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I guess that sounds like something they&amp;rsquo;d say in a retirement speech or an obituary, doesn&amp;rsquo;t it? &lt;br&gt;     I shrugged. &amp;ndash;Nobody at the testimonial was quite that eloquent. I think they were afraid I&amp;rsquo;d change my mind and stay . . . As for the obituary, if you&amp;rsquo;re going to go on like that about me, I&amp;rsquo;ll give you the job of writing it. &lt;br&gt;     Terry didn&amp;rsquo;t smile. For a moment I thought she felt she&amp;rsquo;d made an unkind comment on my age. I had not taken it so. Mortality and the path to it are no more indelicate than birth. Why, I wondered, should she be pained to raise that thought which I have never ceased to ponder since one pale sunlit afternoon in the French countryside near a town whose name I refuse to remember?  &lt;br&gt;     Then, for some reason that I do not recall, because it was no reason at all but the tug of mystery, and almost in spite of her long sleeves, I caught a glimpse of the pale underside of her left wrist. The scars were slight, but they were there. I recollected an extended vacation Terry had taken a while back. My eyes rose and met hers. If my own death, which dwells with me like a troublesome and insistent neighbor who irritates  &lt;br&gt;56   &lt;br&gt;me, but to whom I will not yield in fear until he comes to claim from In Here or Out There, is not a matter for concealment, neither is any other nor the threat of it either. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You don&amp;rsquo;t have to roll paper into that typewriter of yours just yet, I told her. &amp;ndash;The retirement is past, and I don&amp;rsquo;t expect to need the obituary yet awhile. &lt;br&gt;     Her smile returned then. I must have said some right thing. The mystery flowed on. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I know you don&amp;rsquo;t she said. &amp;ndash;They used to call you Old Ironass around the courts. I guess you knew . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I knew without knowing. I had never heard the name spoken by some clerk or court reporter unaware. I think it was Victoria who had mentioned it, laughing, enjoying it immensely. My wife, my love, had been hard on pretensions&amp;ndash;even on harmless mannerisms that in her opinion might open the floodgates of latent pomposity. You love the past and its forms and decent ceremony too much, she had told me. You will maintain those old things even if doing so hurts you, even if it lessens you, she had said. Let me decide about that, I had told her. Oh no, she had said, that effervescent laughter shaping in her throat. Oh no. Because I have to live with you, and you&amp;rsquo;re already worse than Cromwell. If I had a drop of Irish blood, you&amp;rsquo;d scare me to death.  &lt;br&gt;     I put all that away, thinking she who had laughingly called my attention to it was now part of that past I loved. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I expect they called me that because I set off airport alarms with the load of German steel I carry around with me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m sorry, Terry said. I didn&amp;rsquo;t think about . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Honey, neither do I. Except when the weather changes. Then I feel as if somebody had shot me full of popsicles. &lt;br&gt;     My little joke didn&amp;rsquo;t appear to make her feel any better. It seemed Terry was full of a great sadness. Given the choice of seeing the raucous absurdity or the dark melancholy in a situation, she would strike out to hide in the clouded dismal forest as surely as I would seek the brightest mountain peak from which to look down, observe, and laugh. I made a note to be careful with her, not to press her on anything. I had never done more before than look at her, pass the time of day with her for a moment or two as I waited for George Wesley to clear the decks for lunch. It crossed my mind to wonder how many of the men who stared at her, who desired her, had done more. Because I had never heard from any of them I knew, in the midst of idle conversation, that Terry Novis was a young woman on the edge of an abyss&amp;ndash;one whose spirit hovered above the darkness as certainly as the Lord&amp;rsquo;s had on that first morning, but with destruction, not creation, in mind.  &lt;br&gt;57   &lt;br&gt;     This new insight into Terry troubled me. I am not much inclined toward delicate women. I have no use for them. They are a poor breed, miserable unto themselves and a caution to others. They bring weak sons and demanding daughters into the world and God knows we have enough of both. That is what I was thinking just then, and thinking too that Victoria would have let me get away with none of it. You have a great capacity for pain, she used to tell me. And you use that capacity on others like a club. It isn&amp;rsquo;t fair. And I recalled that I had smiled to myself even as she spoke. Yes, the capacity for pain. Goddamn it, I paid the price for it. I paid and I won&amp;rsquo;t have it taken away from me or talked away, either. Not now. Not ever. Nor will I have the value of that capacity lessened or maligned or even questioned. It is what I am. Cromwell? Surely. And more. Savonarola, Pym, Calvin . . . even St. Just? All of which Victoria had read in my eyes without even bothering to comment, saying only, Your damned capacity to bear it makes you willing to give it too easily. Don&amp;rsquo;t you see? What you barely notice devastates others. You have to stop it. I demand you stop it. Do you hear? I heard. In my own way, I heard. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Look, I said to Terry at last, &amp;ndash;We&amp;rsquo;ve got some hard work to do. I want you to feel at ease with me. No reason you shouldn&amp;rsquo;t. If the Germans had been a little handier with that mortar, they&amp;rsquo;d have set me up for that obituary over thirty years ago. As it is, given that iron ass of mine, it could be another thirty. &lt;br&gt;     This time the smile was real. Lord, she was lovely. Maybe a weak woman could be of some use. After all, the time had passed for me to search out my own Alamo. Perhaps what was called for now was a rose garden where no one need feel threatened and pain was a word without a referent? I put that out of mind. I was retired. It was just that I had a few matters to put behind me and I would be back with Livy and Berlioz and all the bass I could lay a hook into. I didn&amp;rsquo;t need it any other way. I didn&amp;rsquo;t want it any other way. I took some notes out of my briefcase and set them down on Terry&amp;rsquo;s desk. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What&amp;rsquo;s it going to be? she asked. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Petition for a temporary restraining order and permanent injunction to the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana. Penniwell v. The United States of America . . .  &lt;br&gt;VIII    &lt;br&gt;It was evening when we were done and had a final draft in hand. There was the petition and a long affidavit for Gee to sign. His facts, his pain, my words. Terry had taken it down in shorthand and there was no way I could avoid seeing her reaction to the story I told. When I came to the  &lt;br&gt;58   &lt;br&gt;dry recital of Gee&amp;rsquo;s injuries, I kept my eyes on the papers before me, hearing her sharp intake of breath, trying to ignore it. Sadness had emptied her face of that animation that was part of her beauty. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That poor old man, she said softly &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He&amp;rsquo;s a man, I told her. &amp;ndash;And he&amp;rsquo;s old. But not poor. Not in any sense at all. I guess you&amp;rsquo;d need to meet him, know him. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;But . . . all his life . . . like that.  &lt;br&gt;     I shrugged. It was the image of a stoicism I didn&amp;rsquo;t feel.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He and I were raised to bear things, I said. &amp;ndash;He&amp;rsquo;s borne that&amp;ndash;and more. We can likely bear anything if we decide to. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Is he . . . religious? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Religious? Well, he has his place, his land. He hires a couple of boys off Billy&amp;rsquo;s and farms a little. He&amp;rsquo;s all right, Terry. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Billy . . . ? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Billy Wendell, I said. And only at that moment realized that in the course of the afternoon I had forgotten what I was actually there for to begin with and would not have called it to mind had Billy&amp;rsquo;s name not come up by accident. &amp;ndash;Gee was his granddaddy&amp;rsquo;s foreman. Will D., Billy&amp;rsquo;s father, and Gee and I were . . . friends. A long time ago . . . the very best of friends.  &lt;br&gt;     She didn&amp;rsquo;t even seem surprised. I was looking at her closely then, recalled to my reason for choosing her to do the petition in the first place. I wondered if perhaps she already knew of my relation to Billy, if in the nights they had spent together, all that long common past had risen up to be spoken of. After all, I was not the only man walking Caddo Parish with a genie punishing his spirit, bad faith rotting his soul.  &lt;br&gt;     I seemed to remember that Terry was from Plain Dealing, a town north of Shreveport toward the Arkansas border. She would understand how time in a place like this slowly winds together the lifelines of people, of families, like tendrils and creepers of morning glory. If there is someone of long residence in Shreveport that I do not know, then I know his cousin or his sister&amp;rsquo;s husband or his broker or his barber or his high school algebra teacher. Terry would understand&amp;ndash;whether she wanted to or not. She stared down at the completed petition and said nothing. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Billy and Loreen have always kept an eye on Gee, I said, to fill the silence, to press my purpose a little farther. &amp;ndash;They&amp;rsquo;re good people. No, Gee&amp;rsquo;s not poor. He&amp;rsquo;s all right. What he&amp;rsquo;s got, he won&amp;rsquo;t be losing . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I asked if she&amp;rsquo;d have some supper then. She simply nodded. We walked over to Fannin Street to pick up the jeep in the crisp autumn twilight. It occurred to me that I had not walked with a lovely woman on my way to a meal since Victoria died. I suppose I had never thought to again. That sense of order and form that Victoria had found too strong,  &lt;br&gt;59   &lt;br&gt;too overbearing in me had led me to suppose that life was done. What does a man do when the one woman he has loved goes on before him? He cannot forget; it is not permissible that he rush to join her. It is not possible that, as the soap operas put it, he simply go on with his life. All I had been able to figure out was to retire. Which, I thought, as I walked down Fannin Street with the loveliest woman in town, was my way of standing aside, waiting for nature or misadventure to supply what the Christian religion and my rearing forbade I take care of myself  &lt;br&gt;     We drove out to Brocato&amp;rsquo;s in the jeep. It seemed to cheer her up. Surely it did wonders for her complexion. The evening air had a tang in it, almost chill but not quite. It made me remember driving out years ago, before the war, on a date with Victoria, the scent of winter&amp;rsquo;s coming in the air. I put that out of mind, thinking as I did how many things we seem to collect over the span of our lives that we had best not think about, that must be placed in a locked and hidden room somewhere within&amp;ndash;lest we view them too often and suddenly, inexplicably burst into tears amidst strangers or neighbors or kin. &lt;br&gt;     We talked over supper and drinks. Terry had been a music major studying voice at Centenary College. But her father had died and the International Harvester agency he had owned had gone to someone else. There had been no money so she dropped out of school and attended Meadows-Draughon Business College. She had found she was very good at those skills that make a secretary more than competent, and her first job out of school had been with the federal district court. She liked the work and the quiet somber air of the place. In nine years she had never moved on. I got the feeling as she talked that she was where she reckoned to spend the rest of her life. It was true that once she had imagined herself on the stage at the Metropolitan, but her father&amp;rsquo;s dying had taken that from her. Most likely, she said, that had been an unreal kind of hope anyhow. For every hundred girls who imagine themselves singing Violetta perhaps one manages to do something in a provincial house somewhere. All in all, hers was a good life and she had few complaints. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Maybe one. One little one. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What&amp;rsquo;s that? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I . . . wanted to work for you. When the division Judge Wesley was appointed to came open, I thought you&amp;rsquo;d . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s quite a compliment, I said. &amp;ndash;I guess I just didn&amp;rsquo;t have the temperament for that kind of judging. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;One morning early, I was over at First Judicial Court. To deliver an order from federal court. It was some kind of civil rights mess, and there were attorneys sitting around in shirt sleeves and hunting jackets, called in from all over because of whatever it was, and everyone was  &lt;br&gt;60   &lt;br&gt;angry and no one had had any sleep. I think it was a Sunday, and you could feel the tension. They all just stared at me . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I remembered those days. When Federal Wisdom had come to supplant anything I understand as law and only the result mattered. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;d never had men look at you like that, had you? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Not ever. They looked like . . . they hated me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You know better. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I knew better then but it didn&amp;rsquo;t help. I walked out of the courtroom and down the corridor just wanting to be away from there. Then down that dark hall, from your office, I heard Brahms&amp;rsquo; Second Piano Concerto. I was so unhappy, I just sat down and listened all the way through, wondering what kind of person would be working at seven o&amp;rsquo;clock on a Sunday morning, listening to that. Then, when it was done and I was about to leave, there was a Mozart quartet. It must have been almost nine before I got out of the courthouse. But I was all right then. Maybe I didn&amp;rsquo;t even remember all the tension and hatred in that courtroom. Just the music . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I could almost remember that morning myself. One Sunday between the time Victoria had died and I had decided on retirement. I worked all hours then. I had to. Sometimes on weekends I would go to my office and redraft work already done. And drink and watch football on television&amp;ndash;anything not to remember. I had tried hard to abstract myself from that life I had lived and could live no more. I had wanted desperately to be someone else. One morning I had placed a sheet of paper in my typewriter and had written on it: &lt;br&gt;I HAVE LOST MY WIFE    &lt;br&gt;     I stared at the paper while music played in the background, thinking what a curious phrase it was. Had I mislaid Victoria, like a wallet or a watch or a fountain pen? Had she left me, angry, vowing never to return? Had she and I, like children in a railroad terminal, simply become separated? What could such a strange phrase possibly mean to convey? But feigned ignorance proved no better than certain knowledge. The pain of her absence was exquisite, transcendent, like the light of the stars in their slow inexorable march across the barren midnight sky over that place outside town where once I had been so happy and to which I now dreaded to return so profoundly that occasionally I would take a room at the Captain Shreve Hotel rather than go home. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Another morning I came by court and passed your office, Terry said. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It was Borodin. I almost came in and asked for a job. I knew you had to be special. I thought perhaps I could even tell your mood . . . &lt;br&gt;61   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I wish you had, I said. &amp;ndash;I believe if you&amp;rsquo;d asked me for a job, I might still be on the bench.  &lt;br&gt;     That embarrassed her a little and I thought that I had best keep my mind on what it was that I was supposed to be doing. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It seemed so . . . serene there, where you were, Terry said.  &lt;br&gt;     I almost laughed at that. The impressions we derive and the realities behind them are rarely congruent. Had she come into my office in those days, she would have found a ravaged man down near the end of his string, trying to do his duty for no better reason than the peculiar fancy that it was expected of him in certain quarters&amp;ndash;mostly inhabited by the dead who, arguably, expect nothing of us at all. Brahms and Borodin aside, she would not have wanted that job. Whatever had once pushed her even closer to the stark edge of things than I had been would have reacted badly to what I was just then&amp;ndash;before I resigned, retired, retreated, decided not to even attempt to live as other people do.  &lt;br&gt;     I took her home afterward. She lived in that warren of apartments between Fairfield and Southern Avenues that had been open land when I was young. I wondered how a girl from a small town could survive in that maze of efficiencies and one-bedroom cells. But then perhaps this generation glories in its closeness even as we loved the open space, acre after rolling acre with water and trees and no one within hearing of a shout. I climbed out of the jeep and started to see her to the door. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You don&amp;rsquo;t have to, really. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right, I said uncomfortably, trying to adapt myself to this new dispensation wherein the manners insisted upon by those women who were our mothers are despised by those who might be our daughters. After we said goodnight, I watched until she disappeared from view down a little fake?brick alleyway that must have run between the stamp-sized swimming pool and the combination recreation and laundry room.  &lt;br&gt;     I almost fell asleep on the way home but the wind was cold by then, and to the west I could see storm clouds building. I managed to get myself home, inside the house, one small drink poured, and Mozart&amp;rsquo;s Fortieth on the stereo. I even reached for the damned Livy, but I knew the words would run in front of my eyes. So I took my drink and went back to the bedroom and stared at the ceiling thinking nothing at all until finally sleep came. &lt;br&gt;IX   &lt;br&gt;It was early afternoon when I woke up. The rain had come and gone, but in place of the bitter northern cold I had expected, something else had come. The breeze outside on my gallery was as gentle, soft and buoyant  &lt;br&gt;62   &lt;br&gt;as April. I took that as an omen. I like omens. Over the long haul, they are not worth a damn, but short term they can do wonders for your morale. I undressed, showered, put on fresh clothes and fixed myself a cup of hot coffee. The place was silent. I wondered if Rowena had been there and gone. More likely, considering our last passage at arms, she was angry and would stay that way for up to a week, contemplating during her enforced leisure the wretched spectacle of me drowning in my own waste. Then, at what she judged to be the last possible moment, she would return, clean up the hoard of dirty dishes and shirts and underwear and coffee cups that had accumulated since we had had Words. She would be cheerful as a robin and nothing would be said. Rowena did not keep grudges and neither did I. They are a great pleasure and a solace to the mistreated soul, but wholly impractical in relations that have gone on for fifty years and more.  &lt;br&gt;     I finished my coffee and drove into town. That put me inside Shreveport two days in a row. A record since The Retirement. But I needed to look over Terry&amp;rsquo;s fair copy of the pleadings for Gee, get them filed and a copy in the mail to that cretinous troglodyte at the Pentagon who was determined to peddle his medals whether they were wanted or not.  &lt;br&gt;     She was sitting at her typewriter as I came through the door from the narrow corridor that led into chambers. She looked up, eyes widening, as if she were about to call out a warning&amp;ndash;or as if she had just as soon I left before I even arrived. I wondered if somehow, recollected in tranquillity, the evening before had been less splendid for her than for me. No matter, I thought. I need that petition, and I am by now surely proof against the slings and arrows of outrageous young women. But before I could round out that period in my mind, I realized that it did matter.  &lt;br&gt;     I didn&amp;rsquo;t get time to think about it just then. I was already in the office, almost to Terry&amp;rsquo;s desk, when I saw that one of the waiting room chairs was occupied. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;This, Terry faltered, &amp;ndash;this is . . . Mr. Waring . . . from Washington. He&amp;rsquo;s been waiting for you.  &lt;br&gt;     His eyes caught mine and held. He was the far side of thirty, built like a running back, dressed like a Boston lawyer with glistening hair and a moustache so fine that it was more an indication than a fact. His eyes were dark and hard and he was sizing up the competition faster than a mainframe computer. He looked like a man who could give you a long mean afternoon in court. And he was black as the ace of spades.  &lt;br&gt;     I couldn&amp;rsquo;t help smiling. Because while I was seeing him, he was seeing me, and I knew just what he was seeing. A hard-eyed redneck in pressed khaki workclothes, boots ten years old, and a Stetson so abashed  &lt;br&gt;63   &lt;br&gt;and degraded by the ravages of rain and sun that it lacked color and form altogether. A hick, a pushover, a mean dumb remnant of the past that it was his duty to waste along the way to the apotheosis of some equally dumb old black who possessed only the virtue of not being able to avoid his ignorance, chained as he was in this living, thriving, burgeoning center of crackerdom. I couldn&amp;rsquo;t have planned things better if I&amp;rsquo;d known Mr. Waring was on his way.  &lt;br&gt;     He went on staring at me wearing an expression somewhere between condescension and contempt. I had no idea what my face was revealing. I tried to call up Victoria&amp;rsquo;s admonition regarding humility and charity but I knew it wasn&amp;rsquo;t going to work. I was going to go through this bastard like a dose of salts. Terry couldn&amp;rsquo;t take her eyes off us. She looked something more than ill at ease. She looked almost frightened. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;re . . . the lawyer, Mr. Waring said. His voice was deep, flat, noncommittal. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m a member of the Louisiana bar, I answered. &amp;ndash;And you&amp;rsquo;d be . . . the bureaucrat . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m Michael Waring. Department of Defense, office of . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;ve read your letterhead. At least the first six or eight lines. Nice trip down?  &lt;br&gt;     Change of pace. Southern hospitality. It put him off balance. He rose then, standing, not posing. just on his feet, ready to start in on it as soon as he could make out whether this old farmer could do much better than read and write. Or perhaps he wasn&amp;rsquo;t sure the Louisiana bar required even that much of its members. It took him a moment to decide whether or not to hazard an exchange of pleasantries. He determined, whether he realized it or not, that he could not afford the risk.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Wendell says you represent him, that I should talk to you . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I do represent him, I said. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Then we&amp;rsquo;d better get a few things straight right up front . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I also represent Gaspard Penniwell, I cut in.  &lt;br&gt;     Why not? I had better things to do than fool around with him. Drop it all right in the pot and see what he&amp;rsquo;d do. If he was very bright, it might occur to him that there were a few things &lt;i&gt;he&lt;/i&gt; needed to get straight. The sooner I could put him in the right frame of mind, the faster we could get the business done.  &lt;br&gt;     He stared at me for a second or two, that ingrained hostility he had carried onto the plane and into economy class revving in his veins. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s a clear conflict of interest, he said at last.  &lt;br&gt;     I grinned. Mr. Waring&amp;rsquo;s emotions had made a patsy of him. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You think so? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I know so. You&amp;rsquo;ve got one client oppressing the other, and it&amp;rsquo;s easy to see whose side you&amp;rsquo;re on . . . &lt;br&gt;64   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Terry, I asked, &amp;ndash;have you got that petition typed up, honey? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes sir . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She handed me a file folder with the smallest of grins. She already saw how it was going to go. She wasn&amp;rsquo;t nervous or fearful any more. I looked through the petition and affidavit while Waring rattled on with some talk about the U.S. attorney, and allowing that even the Louisiana bar must have something like a committee on professional responsibility. I handed him the folder. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Before you make a complete ass of yourself, you might want to look at that, I said, deriving indecent pleasure from every syllable. &lt;br&gt;     He looked at the caption and frowned. Then, like a good lawyer, he riffled through the pages to the Prayer. Then he looked up at me, his dark eyes smoldering. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;This is . . . insane. You really think you can get away with this?  &lt;br&gt;     I was trying not to smile any more. At my age, you should be past hot blood, all that sort of thing. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Read it through, I said. &amp;ndash;Because I&amp;rsquo;m fixing to go down to the clerk&amp;rsquo;s office and file it in about ten minutes . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t have to read this . . . this rubbish . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, you sure as hell don&amp;rsquo;t. Not till they serve it on you and you have to drag ass back down here to try the rule, lose, and then go back north and explain to your betters how they&amp;rsquo;ll have to start hiring a smarter class of lackeys . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He looked less sure then. I cannot read minds, but I believe he was beginning to realize that, whatever else, Shreveport wasn&amp;rsquo;t Dogpatch, and maybe he&amp;rsquo;d better read that petition after all.  &lt;br&gt;X   &lt;br&gt;Terry and I were down in the cafeteria. It had only seemed decent to leave Mr. Waring alone with his problem. Anyhow a watched sycophant never toils, and a fine cup of coffee with Terry was going to be the high point of my day. Or so I thought. But she seemed withdrawn, depressed, now that the initial encounter with Waring was past. After a few almost silent minutes, she glanced over at me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He might be looking for you, she said distantly. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s true. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Don&amp;rsquo;t you think . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t want to make it easy for him. I don&amp;rsquo;t like him. I don&amp;rsquo;t like the way his mind works. He doesn&amp;rsquo;t give a damn about Gee. He came down here looking for revenge for something that never happened to him.  &lt;br&gt;65   &lt;br&gt;     Terry stared down at her cup. &amp;ndash;Something has happened . . . to all of us, she said softly. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s so. And we have to bear it. We have to stand whatever it is. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Some of us . . . can&amp;rsquo;t. We try, but we just . . . can&amp;rsquo;t. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes we can. We can bear what&amp;rsquo;s happened to us, what&amp;rsquo;s going to happen to us. We can even learn to bear what&amp;rsquo;s happened to other people . . . what&amp;rsquo;s happening to them right now.  &lt;br&gt;     Her eyes raised from the table top. Her face was flushed and she had the look of a stricken animal. I could hear Victoria saying out of the dustless empty room in my heart, Now you&amp;rsquo;ve done it, see?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It . . . isn&amp;rsquo;t what you think, Terry almost whispered.  &lt;br&gt;     I used to suppose I was rather good at transitions of thought, a leap from one plane to another by way of metaphor. Perhaps once when I was young and still reading Keats and Browning, I had been. But the law doesn&amp;rsquo;t traffic with intuitive transitions, and one learns to stay on the main road, moving slowly, stolidly from one clear stand to the next. I missed her point completely even though I had been looking for it, hoping it would rise between us. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m surprised you care about Waring, I said ignorantly. &amp;ndash;And it is what I think. He&amp;rsquo;s come down here to use us all. Gee knows it, and I know it. I expect Billy knows it too. But he&amp;rsquo;s not going to bring it off. I&amp;rsquo;m going to send that bastard home with a broken civil service rating . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I wasn&amp;rsquo;t talking about him. I was . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m sorry. What then?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Billy and me. It&amp;rsquo;s not what you think. It&amp;rsquo;s not . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I amazed myself. &amp;ndash;It&amp;rsquo;s not my business, is it, I said almost harshly. Not because it was not my business since God knows I had tried to make it my business, had come to her to have a job of typing done that any steno in any law office in town would have been happy to do&amp;ndash;that I could have done myself in an hour. Because, I realized in my amazement, now that I was in it up to my ears, I did not want it to be my business, did not even want it to be true. No longer because of Billy and Loreen and the children but because in the luxurious absurdity of my latter days I could still respond to beauty and to a woman. Perhaps even more richly, more fully than before. I fell silent then, tranced by the revelation. Christ in heaven, if I were a young man, if the road ahead were long and wide and open, I might have supposed that what I felt for Terry Novis was love. No wiser, no better informed than any other love, but love still. I looked away. I think I was embarrassed. Or pained. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It is. It &lt;i&gt;has&lt;/i&gt; to be your business . . . because I don&amp;rsquo;t think I can manage it much longer. I don&amp;rsquo;t think I can bear it alone.  &lt;br&gt;     I looked back at her like an injured suitor who has suddenly been told that there is Another. &amp;ndash;Then tell him to go back home where he  &lt;br&gt;66   &lt;br&gt;belongs, I said, trying to soften the words, trying at least not to let my own freshly discovered feelings about her supercharge what I would have said in any case. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I can&amp;rsquo;t. I can&amp;rsquo;t do that. You don&amp;rsquo;t understand. He hasn&amp;rsquo;t told you anything, has he?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, I said. &amp;ndash;I wouldn&amp;rsquo;t expect him to . . . talk about it. Would you?  &lt;br&gt;     She didn&amp;rsquo;t answer at once. I could feel her drawing away from me as tender flesh moves from the honed edge of a saber. She had admired that touch of steel in me on the bench. Up close, directed at her, it was another thing altogether. Cold, ancient as Nordic ice, unyielding. Even under fire, should it melt and run, it would freeze once more in the climate of its own rectitude. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;d better talk to him, she said dully, her eyes lightless. &amp;ndash;I really think you&amp;rsquo;d better. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I can&amp;rsquo;t see pulling him into his own barn and asking for details of . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I broke off and tried again. &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t have any power over Billy Wendell, I said. &amp;ndash;We&amp;rsquo;re not even blood kin. There&amp;rsquo;s nothing but old times and long convention between us, Terry. If you&amp;rsquo;ve had enough and want shut of him . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I broke off once more. The pain in her face was too sharp to be feigned. But if she didn&amp;rsquo;t want rid of Billy, if that wasn&amp;rsquo;t it, what the hell was going on? It appeared I had not only lost such facility with transitions as once I might have had&amp;ndash;I couldn&amp;rsquo;t even draw logical conclusions any more. &amp;ndash;If his father were alive, I finished lamely. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s how he thinks of you. He&amp;rsquo;s told me. I know he wants to talk to you, but . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I stood up. Whatever this business between them was about, it had got somehow tangled in an endless loop of nuance and inference that was doing neither of us nor Billy any good. If he wanted to talk to me, he had surely not lost his recollection of how to find my house. What were we to talk about? The games people play? How to sanitize a divorce and make it painless? What to tell the children? How to manage community property so as to preserve the land? Or maybe Billy Wendell just wanted an invitation to whimper&amp;ndash;perhaps even have someone tell him what to do, how to decide. Someone maybe, but not me. I had already figured out what he was going to do in the end and so had he. Judging from this conversation, from the expression on her face, so had Terry. Or was I misreading that expression? I couldn&amp;rsquo;t be sure. Was it her own realization that Billy would sooner or later, by hook or crook, end up going home? Or was it something else? Something more, something deeper? But what is deeper to a woman than possession of the man she loves? &lt;i&gt;La Traviata&lt;/i&gt; aside, women do not hand over men  &lt;br&gt;67   &lt;br&gt;they love&amp;ndash;not even to their wives. Whatever she was feeling, she felt it deeply. I could tell that much for sure. I knew her that well at least. But what was she feeling? And what had I to do with it? I seemed to be wading up to my neck in emotional riptides I couldn&amp;rsquo;t begin to read. I wondered for a frantic moment why the hell I&amp;rsquo;d started coming into town again. Then I looked at her with eyes I hadn&amp;rsquo;t had in almost forty years and remembered what, besides duty, had brought me away from the lake, Berlioz, and the numberless pages of Livy. I held out my hand to her. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Come on, I said softly. &amp;ndash;We&amp;rsquo;ve got us a bureaucrat upstairs to observe.  &lt;br&gt;XI   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t believe a goddamned word of it, Waring was blustering. &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t believe a word in the petition or a word in the damned affidavit, either . . .  &lt;br&gt;     That was one way to look at it, I thought with amusement. Waring could believe it or not. Either way, he was in a tight dark corner. All by himself.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m glad you feel so upbeat about white America in 1944, I said with a shark&amp;rsquo;s grin. &amp;ndash;In other words, all that blather about racism is just politics with you people. You can&amp;rsquo;t imagine a white officer shooting down a black soldier the way Gee says it happened . . . So the old man is a liar, right? But then they&amp;rsquo;re all liars, aren&amp;rsquo;t they?  &lt;br&gt;     Waring looked like an inch and a half and one deep breath from apoplexy. He had flown down from Fairyland, D.C., to strike the fear of God into a rabble of rednecks and now, in a single hour, his whole mythological kingdom was collapsing around him. He could either believe or not believe. If he believed, he would, by the very nature of the case, have to go to the Justice Department or some branch of military intelligence and demand an investigation. The newspapers would surely get hold of it, and it would be like whirling a sack of manure with a hole in it around his head. Everyone would get hit with some. No one would thank him for it. And, nine chances out of ten, the investigation would come to nothing. All that bad publicity and no resolution. No justice done? The army given the worst possible kind of publicity for nothing? Too bad for Waring.  &lt;br&gt;     On the other hand, just suppose that by some miracle of ratiocination there should be discovered a slender track of evidence left over, uneffaced after more than thirty years? Suppose that anonymous lieutenant should be found out? Portly, gray, a deacon in the church, president of the local bank, Rotary International, town council,  &lt;br&gt;68   &lt;br&gt;grandchildren in college&amp;ndash;hoicked suddenly out of his comfortable ordinary American life to face an incredible charge before an international spotlight. For what? Could he be tried? By whom? Where? By court martial? For what crime?  &lt;br&gt;     On the third hand, Waring could simply write off Gee as a crazed old man who had suffered horribly in a whirling churning confusing battle in which thousands had suffered even worse. That, I was betting, was where he would come down. It was much the easier course and bureaucrats, when not obsessed with covering their miserable worthless asses, will as invariably leap for the easy way as a hog runs to slop. My smile held as I watched Waring&amp;rsquo;s belligerence begin to sway, to totter. He wasn&amp;rsquo;t stupid. He saw approximately the same gritty future for his endeavors as I did. And no gain for himself at all. Loss of one sort or another on every band. Even the price of his plane ticket down here would be held against him on the third hand. I was pleased mightily. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;We&amp;rsquo;ve got to think about this, he said quietly. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, I said. &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t have to think about it at all. You do. You&amp;rsquo;re the one who started threatening one of my clients because he wouldn&amp;rsquo;t pester my other client about accepting some piece of tin you were bound and determined to force on him whether he wanted it or not. I don&amp;rsquo;t have to think about a damned thing. All I have to do is file that petition and watch you squirm . . .  &lt;br&gt;     His face was angry, very angry indeed. I wondered if he was up to making the terminal error of swinging at me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;The Congressional Medal of Honor isn&amp;rsquo;t . . . a piece of tin, he said coldly, evenly. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right. I&amp;rsquo;ll give you that. But Gee doesn&amp;rsquo;t want it. And that&amp;rsquo;s the end of it for me.  &lt;br&gt;     We were sitting in the federal court library. Panelled walnut and thick carpets, row after row of uniform tan volumes containing between their buckram covers a serial dumb show of human folly and greed and cruelty, stupidity, suffering, madness, pettiness. &lt;i&gt;The Federal Reporter&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Federal Supplement&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Supreme Court Reports&lt;/i&gt;. Two hundred years of our collective disagreements and wranglings from Jay and Marshall through Taney and Holmes to Black and Frankfurter&amp;ndash;the pathetic often ill-conceived attempts to resolve what we have done to one another. Rowena could have done better without a clerk. I swear she could.  &lt;br&gt;     I turned my eyes back to Waring. His hands rested on the conference table top, his fingers tightly woven together. He possessed that tense tight nasal Yankee accent that I find especially disconcerting in a black. He was staring down at the table the way Terry had done in the cafeteria. He looked as if he had an awful admission to make. Sure enough, he did. &lt;br&gt;69   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right, goddamnit, if it gives you any satisfaction, he began.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well, I&amp;rsquo;ll be damned . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I hope so. I don&amp;rsquo;t believe it happened. I don&amp;rsquo;t know why Mr. Penniwell is saying it, but I &lt;i&gt;don&amp;rsquo;t &lt;/i&gt;believe it. And I guess I don&amp;rsquo;t believe you&amp;rsquo;re dumb enough to file that petition unless you have it all down cold as last week&amp;rsquo;s pork roast . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;re not from up there, I said with surprise. &amp;ndash;Are you? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;My people come from Tennessee, he said, his mind still on his problem. &amp;ndash;I still get home now and again . . . I know you think I&amp;rsquo;m taking the easy way, but I truly don&amp;rsquo;t believe it. I just can&amp;rsquo;t . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I expect I am a patsy for repentance. All of a sudden I was beginning not to loathe Waring quite so much. When you shoved as hard as you could shove, backed him up as far as he could be backed, he still believed somehow in the decency of his fellows. Even the white ones. All things considered, that is not an attitude to discourage. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Neither do I, I admitted after a moment. &amp;ndash;But my problem is a little more complicated than yours. It runs deeper. Gee Penniwell doesn&amp;rsquo;t lie. I&amp;rsquo;ve known him fifty years. He doesn&amp;rsquo;t lie . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Waring couldn&amp;rsquo;t let it pass. &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s quite an encomium, he smiled ironically. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Isn&amp;rsquo;t it? Beggars the imagination. An honest nigger, and a redneck to vouch for it.  &lt;br&gt;     He stiffened, his jaw going hard. Then, just as suddenly, he relaxed and smiled ruefully. &amp;ndash;You are a mean old geezer, he said with something like delight. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Don&amp;rsquo;t go soft on me, I said. &amp;ndash;You may end up meaner than you came before we close this thing down. It could have happened . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I thought you said . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I know what I said. I &lt;i&gt;don&amp;rsquo;t&lt;/i&gt; believe it. But things happen all the time I don&amp;rsquo;t believe. More now than five years ago. More then than twenty-five. What you and I believe isn&amp;rsquo;t good enough. There are loons out there who&amp;rsquo;ll do anything. Put a gun in their hands and . . . It was that way in 1944. Or 1844. It&amp;rsquo;s that way now. You know it and I know it. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;But . . . not like that. Not in the midst of battle . . . You lose that shit in battle. My God, I remember . . . it was us against them . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He sounded like a man who knew what he was talking about. &amp;ndash;You were in Vietnam?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Three tours. They damned near shot my legs off. A white guy brought me to the chopper. I still don&amp;rsquo;t believe it, you hear? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right, fine. Let&amp;rsquo;s see where we stand. You don&amp;rsquo;t believe it and I don&amp;rsquo;t believe it. Gee never lies. And white men have been known to shoot blacks for no damned reason better than the humidity in deep August . . .  &lt;br&gt;70   &lt;br&gt;     We both lapsed into silence. Finally he looked over at me, not challengingly. Sincerely. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Will Mr. Penniwell testify? he asked. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He will. He doesn&amp;rsquo;t want to. He probably hasn&amp;rsquo;t been inside the Shreveport city limits in thirty years. But if I file this petition he will . . . No judge in this district would grant an order like this without giving the U.S. a chance to cross. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;About that filing, Waring said slowly, unable to hide his chagrin at having to ask, &amp;ndash;could you hold off a day or so? I need to check this out . . . &lt;br&gt;     He surely did. Even the Shreveport papers have courthouse reporters, stringers for national news services who look over the daily court filings, who have friends in the clerk&amp;rsquo;s office to flag an interesting suit. Gee&amp;rsquo;s petition would be, to say the least, newsworthy. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t know, I said. And I suppose I didn&amp;rsquo;t. I had come loaded for bear, ready to drop that petition in the hopper and watch the fireworks&amp;ndash;not knowing that Waring was in town with some fireworks of his own in mind. Now I had him square in the bull&amp;rsquo;s-eye. If I filed, he was in trouble no matter what the upshot of the hearing. Why not file? It wasn&amp;rsquo;t going to cost Gee or Billy any money. I was going to pay the costs myself. With glee. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I need two, three days, he went on. &amp;ndash;And you have an obligation to your clients, don&amp;rsquo;t you? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes, I said. &amp;ndash;Gee wouldn&amp;rsquo;t like a bunch of strangers asking him questions, tramping through his yard. And the media sure as hell couldn&amp;rsquo;t use any of his answers. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Three days? I&amp;rsquo;d appreciate it. I really would.  &lt;br&gt;     Waring smiled then, and it occurred to me that Michael Waring was a handsome man. It seemed even his accent had softened. A trick he had learned down home in Tennessee? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t think any of us want to hear his answers, do we? Three days?  &lt;br&gt;     I smiled back despite myself. Michael Waring wasn&amp;rsquo;t that damned alien infernal machine we call a government. He wasn&amp;rsquo;t even a sufficient symbol of it. He was just like the rest of us, trapped in one illusion or another, condemned to living with our own opinions, however inadequate. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I believe we can do business, Mr. Waring, I heard myself say. &amp;ndash;Three days.  &lt;br&gt;XII   &lt;br&gt;I was on my way out of the courthouse. If I could get my jeep through traffic and pushed the speed limit out Ellerbe Road, I could get home in time to take a turn around the lake before the sun went down. It was still mild and the bass were likely already feeding wherever they could find patches of deep shade and a run of minnows. I was almost out the door when Terry caught up with me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You didn&amp;rsquo;t come back through my office. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I thought you&amp;rsquo;d be busy. I&amp;rsquo;ve taken up a lot of your time . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She looked at me as if she were trying to read my mind. Don&amp;rsquo;t bother, I thought. Give it up. Whatever I&amp;rsquo;m thinking is coming out in cuneiform. I don&amp;rsquo;t even know what I&amp;rsquo;m thinking. If I did, I&amp;rsquo;d probably try to stop. I have no idea what she read in my expression, but her eyes clouded and there was no light in them at all. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Billy wants to know if you&amp;rsquo;ll meet him . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He&amp;rsquo;ll be at the Cub. Around four-thirty.  &lt;br&gt;     I must have looked as if it was one of the world&amp;rsquo;s worst ideas. It was. I was in a retiring mood. I wanted to go home and let the emotions and problems, the old anguish and the new, drain away. I wanted to fish a little and read a little and go to bed early and not dream at all. Which, when I considered, was a fine and intricate circumlocution for the fact that I didn&amp;rsquo;t want to think of her with Billy, and I sure as hell didn&amp;rsquo;t want to talk to him about it. I had as soon go out to the country club and bruit her name around the locker room. I understand the new attitudes toward sex. If I were twenty years younger, I might even approve of them in a seedy silent underhanded way. What man ever had his fill of commerce with the bodies of lovely women? But I was not twenty years younger, and there seemed to me to be a certain desperation about the new morality&amp;ndash;as if its practitioners were keeping score, telling one another what a fine time they were having, and that so long as they managed to avoid the two abysses of conception and love, they surely had it made. My own sort of desperation was constructed after an older pattern. It was, if you will, metaphysical. And preposterous and utterly out of style. I was jealous of Billy Wendell whether just then I realized it or not. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;ll go talk to him . . . ?  &lt;br&gt;     I didn&amp;rsquo;t say anything. If I did, it was going to come out mean and testy. I stood there giving, I hope, the appearance of one lost in thought, considering, weighing. I believe I was trying to figure out a rock-solid excuse for not meeting Billy, not talking to him. Because if I felt cross toward Terry, I was feeling downright hostile toward my godson. All the  &lt;br&gt;72   &lt;br&gt;anger that I had meant to turn loose on Michael Waring, which his sudden turn had averted, was still in store. If I went to meet Billy, he was going to have a long wretched guilt-ridden judgmental autumn afternoon. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Judge, please . . . It&amp;rsquo;s important. There&amp;rsquo;s no one else. I tried to talk to him last night . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He was waiting for you when I brought you home? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No . . . yes . . . Oh, what difference does it make? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;None. None at all . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He finally agreed he&amp;rsquo;d talk to you . . . Don&amp;rsquo;t let him down . . . please . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Let him down? I may knock him down. And stomp him afterward. &amp;ndash;All right, Terry, I said. &amp;ndash;It&amp;rsquo;s a bad idea, but I&amp;rsquo;m not going to leave him on a barstool feeling sorry for himself . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She gave me a peculiar stricken look. I would understand that look better in a little while. Then she put out her hand awkwardly for me to shake. Her smile, such as it was, seemed to be the best that she could muster. &amp;ndash;Thank you . . . and it was fun working with you . . . even for one day . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She walked back toward the elevators then and I seemed to be able to feel her warmth departing after her like the odor of her perfume. Was it perfume or the scent of her body? That, I thought, is that. One more fantasy to be retired. Who knows? Maybe the very last. How we do go on. I looked at my watch. It was just after four. The bass were home free for this evening. I wished I could say as much for myself.  &lt;br&gt;XIII   &lt;br&gt;The Cub is a neighborhood bar sitting just off Kings Highway at the Youree Drive extension. It is old now. It was already a fixture in the area back in the 1930s. Students from the nearby Methodist college refer to it sardonically as the Christian Union Building and have shed their sensible homegrown inhibitions there generation after generation.  &lt;br&gt;     As such places go, it is pleasant enough. Older people walk to it from the nearby streets of Broadmoor and delivery men and truck drivers and merchants who own or work at the small businesses along Kings Highway tend to drop by in the afternoons for a draught beer or a quick glass of whiskey before they vanish into the suburbs for the night.  &lt;br&gt;     I pulled up out front and parked under an enormous sycamore tree that has not grown perceptibly since I first drank beer at the Cub. Next to me, some college boys and girls sat in a van drinking and listening to what passes amongst them for music. Instead of getting out of the jeep, I sat awhile thinking. Not about Billy and Loreen. Their troubles seemed  &lt;br&gt;73   &lt;br&gt;small enough and now that I was out of Terry&amp;rsquo;s sight I expected I could likely do my duty and shame Billy into doing what was right. From what Terry had been saying, I reckoned his bad faith had caught up with him and all it would take to send him home with his tail between his legs was a harsh look and some sharp words on the topic of what sort of man runs off from his family with a woman little more than half his age. Yes, I could say that to him with a straight face. At least I reckoned I could. After all, I wasn&amp;rsquo;t running off with her. I only wished I could. But that wasn&amp;rsquo;t foremost in my mind.  &lt;br&gt;     No, I sat there thinking on that other, more impenetrable triangle: Gee, Michael Waring, and me. It was an impasse. Either a white officer had shot down an heroic black soldier in the presence of the enemy or Gee Penniwell was an unconscionable liar. Now Waring had been drawn into it almost as deeply, as personally, as I was. Neither of us could believe the first possibility, and there was no way I was going to believe the second. What I was fumbling for was some third alternative, something that would in one way or another save the appearances. All I wanted was that the lieutenant had not done it, and that Gee was telling the truth. I have been given to understand that both limbs of a paradox cannot be true. That is inconvenient. I would have to think some more. The answer had to be there. Gee had been in shock, bleeding and confused. Perhaps all his injuries had been caused in the fire fight with the German tank crew and infantry. He had been delirious after that, had dreamed the rest, his unconscious drawing up that archaic horror that every black man has always harbored as he passed even a sober peaceful group of white men around the courthouse on Texas Street on a Saturday afternoon.  &lt;br&gt;     I shook my head. It was horseshit. Cheap psychological rubbish of the kind I would have ruled out of court when I was on the bench. Gee had seen what he had seen. There had been done to him what had been done. Surely there had been nightmares afterward. God only knows how many times he had awakened in terror down the years seeing before him those cold eyes in a white face above that Thompson submachine gun, heard that apocalyptic question: &lt;i&gt;You made . . . all this&lt;/i&gt;?  &lt;br&gt;     Just then something rattled in the junkroom of my memory. There might be a third alternative. I already knew something important from a winter long past when snow had begun to fall in the hedgerows and across the fields and on the small empty villages. Something I had heard long ago. Something I had been told. But I could not draw it up into the light of consciousness. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Mister, you all right? one of the college boys in the van called out to me. I snapped back out of history into the present. The snow vanished. That high distant lethal whistle of a mortar round coming in  &lt;br&gt;74   &lt;br&gt;was cut off miraculously in mid-flight. I looked across at the boy. He was slender and blond with cool eyes, his face tanned and mildly concerned. I believe he thought I might have had a stroke as I sat motionless, tranced by a memory I could not quite touch amidst the welter of days and snowfalls, terror, boredom, loss and sorrow and pain that had been my war. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m fine, son. But thanks for asking, I answered as I climbed down out of the jeep and started inside.  &lt;br&gt;     In there it was dark and cool. They had a Miller&amp;rsquo;s High Life sign blinking behind the bar, no jukebox at all, and no electronic games. The Cub was where you went to drink and talk. They had even taken out the shuffleboard game after there had been a shooting over a bet on it one night nine years ago. A cluster of men were strung along the bar, anonymous, ageless, mostly dressed much as I was. They talked to one another softly and watched a television with the volume turned down. There, a silent baseball game was underway, and now and again the watchers would mumble approbation or groan disapproval as a batter swung or an infielder made his play. Lord, I thought, it&amp;rsquo;s either the playoffs or the series, and I&amp;rsquo;m so retired I don&amp;rsquo;t even know who&amp;rsquo;s playing. I don&amp;rsquo;t even recognize the uniforms.  &lt;br&gt;     He was already there, sprawled out in a booth in back with his boots up on the seat opposite and a double shot of something alongside a draft beer sitting in front of him. I don&amp;rsquo;t think he saw me coming as he poured the whiskey into the beer and took a long pull on the mixture. I paused a moment and looked at him. Loreen was right. He had lost weight in the last few months. A man living two or more lives will tend to do that. Or a man determined to look young and feel young for the sake of a beautiful woman. Or a man caught up in the swells and straits of profound bad faith.  &lt;br&gt;     His face was expressionless, dark from the past summer&amp;rsquo;s sun up to where his Stetson had blocked it. Just below the hairline, a circle of white stood out like a white sweatband tied around his forehead. He looked pensive, tired, distracted, and I could not for the life of me see so much as a trace of old man Wendell or Will D. or Alethia either in him. He could as well have been Victoria&amp;rsquo;s son and mine and, considering that, I wished I knew more certainly what I should say to him when it came down to the issue at hand. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Billy, I said for openers. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Uncle Albert, he replied, pulling his boots off the seat across from him, hardly looking up from his boilermaker. &amp;ndash;Sit down. What are you drinking? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I believe I could do with a draft. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You want a little something to sweeten it? &lt;br&gt;75   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t think so. I only drink whiskey at home nowadays. If I fall out, it&amp;rsquo;s on my own floor.  &lt;br&gt;     Billy tried to smile and gestured to the bartender who had watched my progress from the front door to the back booth as if he had some stake in my arrival. Billy pointed at his beer, then at me. The bartender nodded, then moved out of my line of sight. I turned back to Billy. I could tell by his speech that he&amp;rsquo;d been at it a while. He was not drunk, but he was, as you might say, quite comfortable. Boilermakers ease things. Like good martinis or vodka in orange juice, by the time you feel them, it is too late.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;ve been waiting for me, I said. He tried that smile again. No luck. &amp;ndash;Yeah, he said. &amp;ndash;I got here when they opened. I helped Edgar take the chairs off the tables and knock down the cardboard boxes after we restocked the bar . . . I&amp;rsquo;m cheap help . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s a long time. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Not fucking long enough, he answered, keeping his eyes away from mine. &amp;ndash;I thought when I left Terry&amp;rsquo;s it would be long enough, but . . .  &lt;br&gt;     His voice trailed off and for no reason I could think of, it occurred to me that quite possibly Will D., had he lived, would not have been enraged at Billy&amp;rsquo;s conduct at all. Lord knows he had loved women and hankered after them, searched out the local beauties and brought them to ground when he could. I had no idea whether Will D. had run around on Alethia or not. We would not have talked about that kind of thing. Anyhow, he hardly had time considering that our war had called before either of us had had a chance to settle down, to discover whether the ladies of our choice were the right ones, or whether we would end up bored, sorry, restless, and prone to rove for the balance of our days.  &lt;br&gt;     Never mind that. It seemed in memory I had cast Will D. in bronze, making him over somehow in the image of his father, W. D., the patriarch. A man who died for his country or his pride or for the sheer untrammeled love of a hunt in which the game might turn and kill you deserved better than that. And perhaps Billy deserved better than to be beaten around the head and ears with a fake bronze statue of his father by his bloodless, retired, no-kin godfather uncle, too. I was almost pleased with myself for the insight until I realized that I had had no insight: not me, but Victoria dwelling, working in me. Fair enough. Let her come back to me in that way. Any way at all. So long as she visits, for that long I can stay my hand and bite my tongue and live in the decent imitation of a compassionate man (retired). &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Well, I said, &amp;ndash;Terry told me you wanted to talk.  &lt;br&gt;     Billy shrugged as the beer came. &amp;ndash;I need another double rye and a draught, he said. The bartender hesitated just the least fraction of a  &lt;br&gt;76   &lt;br&gt;second, but it was long enough for Billy to look up at him, a challenge in his eyes.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;This here is my uncle Albert Finch. He&amp;rsquo;ll see me home, Edgar . . .  &lt;br&gt;     The bartender looked me over, nodded, and departed. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, Billy said. &amp;ndash;Terry got it wrong. I don&amp;rsquo;t want to talk . . .  &lt;br&gt;     That made it simple. I took a drink of my beer and started to slide back out of the booth. &amp;ndash;Then why don&amp;rsquo;t you just kill that last order and I&amp;rsquo;ll drive you out home . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I &lt;i&gt;got&lt;/i&gt; to talk. I got no choice . . . It&amp;rsquo;s gone too far . . .  &lt;br&gt;     That made it complicated again. I sat back down. Billy looked more miserable than drunk. In fact he looked almost frightened. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I left Terry&amp;rsquo;s this morning. After she went to work. My stuff is out in the truck. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right. Whenever you&amp;rsquo;re done talking, we&amp;rsquo;ll drive out in the truck. I&amp;rsquo;ll catch a lift in with one of your boys in the morning and pick up the jeep . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m not going home. I can&amp;rsquo;t . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I see what you&amp;rsquo;re saying, but I expect Loreen will let you in. At least long enough to pick up some clothes, and if you talk fast . . . Anyhow, she&amp;rsquo;ll want to tell you what kind of rotten sonofabitch you are. No woman could pass up a chance to do that . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You reckon she wants to cuss me? No need for her to bother . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It won&amp;rsquo;t be any bother.  &lt;br&gt;     He shook his head dully. &amp;ndash;I can&amp;rsquo;t go home cause if I go, I&amp;rsquo;ll have to talk to her, and if I talk to her I&amp;rsquo;m bound to tell her. Which is why I stayed over at Terry&amp;rsquo;s anyhow. I&amp;rsquo;d rather . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t believe she wants a blow-by-blow description, Billy. Generally they don&amp;rsquo;t. I think she&amp;rsquo;d like to find out if youall have anything left to hold on to . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No . . . I can&amp;rsquo;t talk to her &amp;rsquo;cause . . .  &lt;br&gt;     That made me mad. I cut him off. &amp;ndash;Well, I sure as hell don&amp;rsquo;t mean to tell her that, so you better get yourself a lawyer and then your lawyer can tell her lawyer and he&amp;rsquo;ll tell Loreen and youall can figure out how you want to divide up the place and divide up the kids and divide up your lives. It&amp;rsquo;ll come to the same thing, one way or the other, but some lawyers are going to make a few dollars and you&amp;rsquo;re going to end up doing the next thing to cropping shares . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I thought that reference to the land was my hide-out punch. It should have dropped him like pig iron, but he never changed expression. It continued a strong nine on the misery scale. The low bastard hasn&amp;rsquo;t got the guts to go home and face his wife, I thought. He&amp;rsquo;d rather lose his land than own up to her. I had been mistaken. That insight of mine, wherever it had come from, was wrong, too. If Will D. was there, he&amp;rsquo;d  &lt;br&gt;77   &lt;br&gt;whip the shit out of Billy. It is surely one thing to indulge the glands against duty, against vows, but it is another thing altogether to stand away from the consequences, from the payment due for the indulgence. The man does not live and walk and breathe who has not at least contemplated the first; I am persuaded there remain those who are not guilty of the second. So it appeared things were simple again. I was not obliged to sit and listen to this man tell me he could not face the wife he had wronged to tell her that he regretted the wrong of it&amp;ndash;if not the act itself&amp;ndash;not even to save his land, his home place, and the tatters of his marriage.  &lt;br&gt;     I shrugged, got up, leaving my beer unfinished. I could retire again. At least from the problems of Billy Wendell.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;We&amp;rsquo;d better get moving, I said coldly. &amp;ndash;You want me to drive your truck back over to Terry&amp;rsquo;s? Or did you have some other plans? Or any plans at all for when Edgar there closes up and puts you out in the street?  &lt;br&gt;     He looked up at me. There were tears in his eyes and something akin to terror on his face. And nothing, nothing of Will D. at all. I could feel contempt welling up inside me, but something held it at bay. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;ll do whatever you want, he said woodenly, his voice steadier, more resonant than before. &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;ll even go home. But I can&amp;rsquo;t tell her, Uncle Albert. It&amp;rsquo;ll wreck her. She won&amp;rsquo;t be able to manage . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;She seemed to be doing all right the last time I saw her, I lied wryly. &amp;ndash;I expect somehow she&amp;rsquo;ll pull through . . . It&amp;rsquo;s a common enough disease in this society . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He looked up at me sharply, his expression changed utterly. &amp;ndash;She told you . . . Goddamnit, she told you, didn&amp;rsquo;t she? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Who? Told me what?  &lt;br&gt;     He looked away from me then and somehow, at least for a moment, I was put in mind of Victoria at the train station so long ago when she had bent down to tell me that Will D. was dead, her eyes averted because, though she must be the messenger, she was not obliged by duty or custom to look me in the eyes as she broke my heart. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Terry . . . She said it was up to me, but she told you . . . It&amp;rsquo;s all right. I&amp;rsquo;m glad. And if you can stand it all that well, I reckon Loreen can too. And if she can, I can . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What the hell . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It&amp;rsquo;s true, Uncle Albert . . . I&amp;rsquo;m dying.  &lt;br&gt;XIV   &lt;br&gt;The sun was coming up over the lake by the time I got Billy to bed. No use for me to lie down. I could not even imagine when next I might sleep.  &lt;br&gt;     It was going to be a fine day. The air was cool and crisp, somewhere in the low sixties. I did not notice. I walked down by the water watching a swirl, an eddy where bass and perch were beginning to pool, looking for minnows or an odd fallen insect dying out of season. I had not shed a tear. Surely not in front of Billy who would have been amazed and disheartened&amp;ndash;who had, it seems, grown up supposing that virtue and emotional expression had nothing whatsoever to do, one with the other. I expect I was to blame for that. I hoped it would at least stand him in good stead for what lay ahead. &lt;br&gt;     My boat stood empty on the water. It was the same boat Billy had fallen out of drunk. I almost smiled. Then I did smile. If I was not to cry, then that. The boat swayed, shivered slightly as if it were waiting to be loosened, boarded. Out toward where the sun was rising from behind tall trees, up from the dark voiceless waters, I could hear someone firing a motor, trying to make it catch and run after the long chill night.  &lt;br&gt;     It was leukemia of some sort or another. Billy had known about it for over a year, had borne the knowing alone, and the treatments. He had hoped for a remission but now the destruction of his blood was thundering onward at a pace that left no hope at all. He would soon have to begin a regimen that could not be concealed, managed in a day or two a week away from the place. He had lost weight, but that perennial suntan had kept him from appearing as weak as he really was.  &lt;br&gt;     At first, the doctors had told him he had a year or so. Now they were saying months. At the start there had been an altercation between Billy and his doctors. They had demanded that he tell his wife, his people&amp;ndash;draw them into the struggle. Billy had told them no. He would manage on his own. Maybe things would get better. But even if they didn&amp;rsquo;t, he was determined that Loreen know nothing until things were so bad that she could not help but know. He could not eradicate the pain for her but he could ward it off, hold it at bay, buy her months of some kind of peace against the nightmare that was coming on for them both.  &lt;br&gt;     Doctors had removed themselves from the case. Others had shaken their heads. Billy shouldn&amp;rsquo;t insist on doing his dying alone, they had said. How the hell do you reckon I&amp;rsquo;m gonna die, Billy had retorted. Did youall plan to come along? Is the whole goddamned parish gonna up and die with me?  &lt;br&gt;79   &lt;br&gt;     He told me he had thought of his father, and that had strengthened him. He would close his eyes and evoke that bitter cold at twelve thousand feet, the distant soundless gun-chatter of an ME-109F or an FW-190 as it sent lines of angry fireflies arching toward the lumbering B-17 and chopped the fuselage to bits, the engines to shreds. He had always supposed his father was still alive as the Flying Fortress slowly spiraled and then began to cartwheel down toward the tiny pitiless enemy earth below. Billy imagined that his father had known it was coming, made it up inside himself, and just tried to keep his eyes on the ground until it ended. Is that possible, Uncle Albert? Could a man do that?  &lt;br&gt;     Yes, I told him. A man could do that. And I knew it was so. I had once heard in litigation a tape made of a test pilot reading off his instruments calmly, coolly, as his X-15 broke up and plunged into the ground. His voice had been level, smooth, almost ethereal, until the sound stopped altogether. I remember asking the Lord for that grace above all other, that strength, that character, that terminal sense of Self that was larger than self, that made one proud and humble to be a man. Will D. could have done that. Gee could have. I had not the least idea about myself.  &lt;br&gt;     I had driven his pickup out to my place with Billy half conscious in the passenger seat. I had said nothing, too lost in my thoughts and hoping that the liquor would put him to sleep. It didn&amp;rsquo;t. He was not only awake when we reached my house, he was almost sober. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Uncle Albert, can I sleep over here? I can&amp;rsquo;t go busting in over home at this hour. I got to think . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;If that&amp;rsquo;s what you want. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Shit, nothing&amp;rsquo;s what I want. It isn&amp;rsquo;t ever again going to be anything I want. I&amp;rsquo;m fixing to . . .  &lt;br&gt;     His voice trailed off. I expect I was too ashamed of what I had been thinking all afternoon to make conversation. No, not ashamed. Regretful. Had the circumstances been as I supposed, my feelings would have been right enough. Of course, I could hear Victoria whispering. You are a lovely man, but a mean person. Of course, I answered her back. Bear with me, my love. This generation of men is fading; after us there will be no other. Nothing but sheep. Everyone&amp;rsquo;s consciousness will be raised; everyone will be warm and caring&amp;ndash;to conceal being vacant and gutless. As for me, I mean to approach that good night with a tire iron behind my back and a blistering vulgarism on my lips. By way of experiment, Victoria, my darling.  &lt;br&gt;     Just then all I could do was listen. Later, when he had said it all, talked it through, recreated it outside himself so that the two of us could look at it, then perhaps there would be something more. Some non- &lt;br&gt;80   &lt;br&gt;canonical rite to be observed, some benediction to bestow&amp;ndash;if I could find a worthy one amongst the rags and tatters of my own bad faith. I could do that, I thought. I could absolve Billy of anything. That question was resolved long ago in another forum. Even a sinful priest, even a priest lost in doubt and bad faith can absolve. He must be able to, or every one of us would have to wait upon His returning once again to be relieved. But we can&amp;rsquo;t wait. Some of us are impatient. Others of us have hardly any time at all.  &lt;br&gt;     We were drinking coffee by then. The alcohol had not done him much good. It seemed, he said, that he could not hold enough down to knock himself out, to pass from unconsciousness to sleep. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;See, I just never thought of this, Billy said. &amp;ndash;Shit, I&amp;rsquo;m thirty-eight years old and strong as a damned ox. I can tote hundred-pound feed sacks from can&amp;rsquo;t see to can&amp;rsquo;t see. I got a place and a woman and kids and money put back to see em through as much school as they can use. I got it made. I&amp;rsquo;ll think about that other later on . . . Maybe when you get older, religion just kind of comes over you, and maybe you&amp;rsquo;re ready . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, I told him. &amp;ndash;Religion goes away. Something else comes . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yeah, Billy nodded, misunderstanding, looking worn-out and used up. &amp;ndash;It&amp;rsquo;s coming for me . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That too, I said. &amp;ndash;Billy, you&amp;rsquo;ve got to go home.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Not now, Uncle Albert. You said . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He sounded like a little boy told he can forget the church picnic on account of some transgression. &amp;ndash;Not now, I said, &amp;ndash;but soon. You can&amp;rsquo;t camp out over here and let this go on. It&amp;rsquo;s not that you need Loreen, I lied stoutly. &amp;ndash;She needs you . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He had been doing all right until he called her to mind again. It seemed to break him every time. He shook his head, buried his face in his hands. &amp;ndash;I can&amp;rsquo;t . . . I just can&amp;rsquo;t do it to her . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;ve &lt;i&gt;been&lt;/i&gt; doing something to her.  &lt;br&gt;     He stared at me in astonishment. &amp;ndash;Don&amp;rsquo;t you reckon she&amp;rsquo;d rather think I was fooling around on her than know I was gonna . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He couldn&amp;rsquo;t quite bring himself to say it again. That was all right. You get used to the words. I saw that piece of paper in my typewriter again. Just to remind myself, I let the words pass across my mind once more. &lt;i&gt;I have lost my wife&lt;/i&gt;. There you are. See? Still, I saw what he was getting at. Saying it to himself was hard; saying it to a woman he had loved since grade school was almost past bearing. Yes, Loreen would likely rather see Billy collect a harem of harlots, install every bimbo and drab off the Bossier City strip in their barn than hear what he was going to have to tell her. She might not know it, but it was so. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Hell, Billy said, getting up and walking over to the kitchen window, staring out into the darkness. &amp;ndash;We come in and we go out and we don&amp;rsquo;t  &lt;br&gt;81   &lt;br&gt;know a damned thing more going than coming. Except nothing lasts. When I was down to the university, this geology professor told us . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I know what he told you, I said shortly. &amp;ndash;He was a goddamned liar. They don&amp;rsquo;t hire them to teach any more if they&amp;rsquo;re not liars.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, Billy said softly as if he already knew something. &amp;ndash;Even this land is gonna go one day . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s crap, I said louder than I meant to. &amp;ndash;The land isn&amp;rsquo;t going anywhere . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He shrugged, tried a smile again. &amp;ndash;All right, have it your way. But I&amp;rsquo;m going and Lord I surely do hate it . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What are you going to do?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Hell, I&amp;rsquo;m gonna . . . I don&amp;rsquo;t know. I had this idea last year when they first told me. I thought I might just kind of drop out of sight, drift over to Texas. I got a cousin or something on my momma&amp;rsquo;s side over there. Works for a TV station. He&amp;rsquo;s got a little place outside Carthage. He said I could stay there till . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He looked at me expectantly. I didn&amp;rsquo;t say anything. He nodded. &amp;ndash;Yeah, that&amp;rsquo;s what I decided, too. Look, tell you what . . . I&amp;rsquo;ll get good and loaded this afternoon and go over home and . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;If you come in drunk, she&amp;rsquo;ll hit you with a skillet and call the sheriff.  &lt;br&gt;     He laughed. &amp;ndash;Yeah. She would. Well, I can&amp;rsquo;t see just strolling up cold sober and saying, Listen, baby, you&amp;rsquo;re gonna have a hard time believing this and a worse time when you do, but . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I am not stone deaf. Only high-gravel deaf. I knew what he wanted. Reparation time seemed to be at hand. Beyond listening. That word to be spoken. Now I had a fairly clear handle on who I would be speaking it to. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right. You go on back and sleep in the spare room . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;ll . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What the hell choice have I got? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It&amp;rsquo;s a kindness, Billy said. &amp;ndash;If you&amp;rsquo;ll just kind of get her ready . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;By the time she&amp;rsquo;s ready, she&amp;rsquo;s going to know all there is to know. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yeah. I guess she will . . .  &lt;br&gt;     He had gone back and gotten himself some sleep then and I had walked outside to consider my commission, my message, and the manner of its deliverance. Then it occurred to me that I had let him go to bed before he had told me enough. I had no better idea of what had passed, what there was between Terry and him, than I had had before. Which, somewhere along the line, impending death and loss aside, Loreen might want to know. And so did I.  &lt;br&gt;     I was so tired by then that I was lightheaded. And so lightheaded that I considered getting my spinning gear and fishing for an hour or &lt;br&gt;82   &lt;br&gt;two. I do not understand why fishing calms the nerves and gives one an enormous sense of well-being, but it is so. When Victoria died, I fished for weeks on end, from dawn deep into the night. As if, with an abundance of fortune, I might draw her back up like a mermaid from those great depths. The waters below resonate with the waters above, I suspect. They are different and non-different. The truth lies amidst the waters and every catch is an astonishment, a revelation. We know already what we cannot say. There is some kind of knowing unfitted for words which words attempt and approximate and lose again like a lover&amp;rsquo;s whisper vanished in the wind, a beloved&amp;rsquo;s name scrawled on the water.  &lt;br&gt;     But I didn&amp;rsquo;t go out. I sat on a cypress stump and watched the sun come up in the distance like a bronze lantern left over from long night&amp;rsquo;s frolic. It was good to feel lightheaded. It distanced me from what I had just heard, a rumor of mortality, that haunting chorus that sounds more and more frequently as the years bunch up behind, thin out ahead&amp;ndash;that rot-strewn suspicion that beginnings begin in the world. And endings end here, too. &lt;br&gt;     But gone without food, bereft of sleep, having given the bodily creature nothing it requires to stand forth in the light, the rumor, the chorus, that mere suspicion seemed of no consequence at all. Standing there, brooding over the water, it was as if the scroll of time rolled open before me, backward into darkness, forward into light&amp;ndash;or was it the other way around? Mortality seemed to mean no more than that oak leaf, exhausted and dry, meant turning and turning through the chill autumn morning air, falling at last to the rich winecolored water where it would float and sink and disintegrate and find itself again in some other form, some other time.  &lt;br&gt;     I have no idea how long I sat there watching the sun rise, the pattern of light and shadow on the water change. It was long enough for that lightheadedness to fail me, all my visions of eternity to crumble and the weight of mortality shared to return with a vengeance. My godson was going to lose his life. He was about to journey into those distances where all our fathers and mothers, physical and spiritual, had gone on before.  &lt;br&gt;     Then Rowena was standing beside me. She was wearing an electric-blue sweater I had given her the Christmas before, and a knit cap pulled down over her ears. I noticed how incredibly delicate she looked, how her skin was stretched taut across the bones of her face and how her iron gray hair protruded in sprigs from under the cap. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I done turned off that damned record player and it&amp;rsquo;s coffee and some breakfast ready.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s good of you. &lt;br&gt;83   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Lord, you notice how early it&amp;rsquo;s getting cold? Didn&amp;rsquo;t used to. When I was a chick we swum in Bayou Pierre till November . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It&amp;rsquo;s not that cold. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes, it is.  &lt;br&gt;     We walked back up to the house together. I ate my biscuits and eggs, grits and ham in silence. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Reckon I ought to wake him up and feed him? Rowena asked with elaborate casualness. &amp;ndash;Course I don&amp;rsquo;t know what he can eat . . .  &lt;br&gt;     An alarm bell rang amidst the jumble of my thoughts but I ignored it. By and large, I am rational. Let the record reflect that I set no store by second sight, telepathy, conjuring and such. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, I said, &amp;ndash;let him sleep. We talked late. As far as what he can eat, I expect he can manage anything you fix. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Oh . . . You reckon?  &lt;br&gt;     I put down my coffee and stared across the table at her. Good Christ, I thought, she knows. She does know. Either by reading it in my mind or feeling it in the walls of this place or by raising some archaic African familiar of hers that tells her everything she wants to know, and who specializes in white people.  &lt;br&gt;     Her eyes held mine and we must have sat like that for thirty seconds. She wasn&amp;rsquo;t going to say a damned thing more and I wasn&amp;rsquo;t going to ask her, much less volunteer anything at all. Lord, aren&amp;rsquo;t things cluttered and scary enough without finding out that ancient black women can reach out, get hold of the nape of reality and shake it till the one small inconsequential fact they want to know tumbles out of the Manifold like a possum out of a tree? I would go on suspecting whatever I was bound to suspect, but I would be damned three times on a Saturday night if I would take judicial notice of it. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You fixing to go over and see Loreen? Or was you gonna wait a day or so and kind of get up for it?  &lt;br&gt;     I put down my cup so quickly that it almost cracked the saucer. &amp;ndash;Why would I be going to see Loreen, I asked her, my voice tight, fooling no one, not even me&amp;ndash;much less Rowena. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;She got to know, and he put you up to telling her, right? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Goddamnit to hell . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s right. I know how you feel. Me too. But it don&amp;rsquo;t change nothing. Maybe you ought to go out on the water like you was thinking about when I come got you for breakfast. You go on and whip up on them fish today. Tomorrow be just as good for Loreen and . . .  &lt;br&gt;     For some reason, probably because I had turned my head away from Rowena in hopes that I might thereby give away something less than everything, I noticed that she had brought a bundle of clothing with her, including an umbrella and a heavy man&amp;rsquo;s overcoat I had tried to get her  &lt;br&gt;84   &lt;br&gt;to throw away until I realized it was one of my father&amp;rsquo;s, given her after his death by my mother. She is going to stay somewhere other than her own place, I thought. She had not done that since Victoria&amp;rsquo;s dying time. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right. How did you find out? Lodestone? Toad guts? High John the Conqueror Root?  &lt;br&gt;     Rowena fixed me with a contemptuous stare. &amp;ndash;You given to superstitions in your waning years, ain&amp;rsquo;t you? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What have you got? A crow? I know you can&amp;rsquo;t stand cats. It must be a black dog from down amongst those damned Creoles . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She shook her head, doing her best to look embarrassed for a grown man who had truck with that kind of nonsense. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Remember Helen Lane? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes. She used to clean chicken and fish at Fielder&amp;rsquo;s grocery on Fairfield . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Right. Died last year in the spring. Very nice service at the Free Will and Christ Rising Baptist Church. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash; . . . now you&amp;rsquo;ve got hold of her soul, and she&amp;rsquo;s coming back on weekends and telling you . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;If I &lt;i&gt;was&lt;/i&gt; to commune with some spirit, Rowena said, haughtily, &amp;ndash;I believe I&amp;rsquo;d likely have a message for you. And you know who from. No, I ain&amp;rsquo;t communing. Helen&amp;rsquo;s daughter a nurse out to P and S Clinic. Still comes to church. Said she saw Billy and found out and didn&amp;rsquo;t tell nobody but me cause I was close with the family and maybe they was going to have need . . .  &lt;br&gt;     So much for mysticism. But the reality carried with it a mystique all its own. Word passes. Lord, is it so? Are we ourselves the revelation? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What did she say? Is it as bad as Billy makes out? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Who knows? Them doctors&amp;rsquo; mouths ain&amp;rsquo;t no prayer books. I know a man at Free Will was told he had to die in June of 1947, and that man is . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What do &lt;i&gt;you&lt;/i&gt; think, I asked as sincerely as if I had paid for a return fare to Delphi. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I thought him and Loreen might want some time, she said obliquely.&amp;ndash;He can still move around, can&amp;rsquo;t he? I mean if he give over the whiskey and stop pouting. Kids too small to know anything. I believe him and Loreen ought to go off somewhere . . .  &lt;br&gt;     The best idea, I thought. The very best idea anyone could have. Billy&amp;rsquo;s place ran itself in winter. Nothing to do. Florida, the Greek Isles, Tahiti, a world cruise. Anything at all but sitting here in the dead of winter. Waiting. Anything at all. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I know them little ones. They&amp;rsquo;ll mind me. You tell Loreen I be over directly. That is, if you going now . . .  &lt;br&gt;85   &lt;br&gt;     I said nothing. I was as ready to go now with a full belly and a clear head as I was going to be whether I waited one day or ten years. But I still didn&amp;rsquo;t know enough. If I had to tell Loreen the worst, I had just as soon tell her all of it, whatever all of it might be. But I couldn&amp;rsquo;t because each time I brought it to mind, turned it over and over, I realized all the questions I hadn&amp;rsquo;t asked. I could hear Terry saying, &lt;i&gt;It isn&amp;rsquo;t the way you think&lt;/i&gt; . . . That much was certain. Whatever had passed between them had moved under the shadow of doom, a privileged questionless place where the doings of people are surely, inevitably, other than their wont&amp;ndash;no questions asked by the wise, none answered by the bereaved&amp;ndash;whatever one takes that word to mean.  &lt;br&gt;     Still, how had they met and where? During that damned lawsuit of his, I reckoned. But how had they gotten so close that he had come to tell her what he could not bring himself to tell Loreen, had not even told me until circumstances had pressed him past bearing?  &lt;br&gt;     Maybe the oracle had information on that, too. I thought. Maybe I needed neither to go off to Loreen unready nor wait for Billy to awaken. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What do you know about Billy and Terry Novis? I asked Rowena. Rowena went on drinking her coffee &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You know something, I told her. &amp;ndash;You knew they were together, but you hadn&amp;rsquo;t talked to Helen Lane&amp;rsquo;s daughter then. What else did you find out?  &lt;br&gt;     Rowena put down her cup and looked positively evasive. I had thought I knew every mood, every variant of expression she possessed. I had seen them all already, seen them all in the span of half a century. Or so I thought&amp;ndash;forgetting, it seems, that if age had not dimmed her, as indeed it had not, she maintained as well that infinite variety that goes simply with being a woman&amp;ndash;if a woman is smart enough to find it out and use it. Here was a brand new expression. Oh, she had an armory of looks, gazes, stares, grins, smirks, frowns, and what&amp;ndash;not to turn away questions, interrogatories, entreaties and demands. Her best and most useful was what I had inventoried as her Indian Stoic gaze. It was a neat blend of Epictetus and Patanjali hiked into position when you required the answer to what she regarded as a particularly inexpedient question. Rowena would simply depart. Her spirit would absent itself, leaving you to inquisite the frail bodily husk she had vacated for the duration of your tedious enquiry. It was amazing how long she could remain thus distanced, eyes fixed on some invisible horizon.  &lt;br&gt;     But it was not her Indian Stoic gaze I encountered then. It was more Evasive Bad Faith with a Vengeance. She knew something, all right. Something she knew I had a need to know, something at least I thought I had a need to know. Something she was not going to tell me. And I could not figure out why not. &lt;br&gt;86   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Nothing, she said at last, wearying of that unaccustomed expression of hers. &amp;ndash;I mind my business. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Good God Almighty, I roared &amp;ndash;You? Mind your business? I reckon you do if you count your business as the general and unlimited affairs and goings?ons of this parish since 1920 . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I never said I didn&amp;rsquo;t hear things. What am I suppose to do? Stuff cotton seeds in my ears?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What you are supposed to do right now is tell me what I need to know before I have to go over and tell a woman she&amp;rsquo;s going to lose her husband all right, but not the way she thinks she is. That&amp;rsquo;s what you&amp;rsquo;re supposed to do.  &lt;br&gt;     I believed I could see the onset of the Indian Stoic gaze.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No you don&amp;rsquo;t, I said quickly, before she could establish it. &amp;ndash;You go off on me this time and I&amp;rsquo;m going to Colorado to fish this afternoon. And you can stay here yourself and tell Loreen Wendell what somebody has got to tell her . . .  &lt;br&gt;     It was a weak and sorry sally but it was the best I could come up with just then. Rowena came on back, frowned, and poured us both some more coffee. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It ain&amp;rsquo;t my place . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Your place is whatever you decide it is. You just don&amp;rsquo;t want to have to do it. You&amp;rsquo;re just like Billy. You want to wish it off on me, and that&amp;rsquo;s all right, fine. Somewhere along the line of succession to bitter tasks and awful visitations my name has got to come up and I&amp;rsquo;m not going to argue with you for pride of place. But if I&amp;rsquo;m going to tell her, I&amp;rsquo;m going to be able to answer whatever she asks, you hear? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Sure I hear. You yelling like that. You know what you need to know whether you think you do or not. It wasn&amp;rsquo;t like they was shacked up or nothing. It wasn&amp;rsquo;t no romance . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Are you telling me you know whether the two of them . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I never said I &lt;i&gt;knew&lt;/i&gt; nothing. You doing all the talking. I don&amp;rsquo;t &lt;i&gt;know&lt;/i&gt; what they done, but I &lt;i&gt;do&lt;/i&gt; know what it meant. If strangers is freezing in the woods, they gonna move close together . . . Ain&amp;rsquo;t they?  &lt;br&gt;     Indeed they are. Which was probably good enough to go to Loreen with, since it had to be, because I could not see myself probing Billy any deeper for details even if he had been awake. But not good enough for me with my own need to know, outrunning duty and obligation, telling me I had not quelled that fantasy. Not yet. Not quite yet. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right. But how did they meet? How did whatever it was get started?  &lt;br&gt;     Rowena shook her head. &amp;ndash;Never mind. Loreen ain&amp;rsquo;t gonna ask that. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m asking . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Ah, Rowena said, and spoke no more.  &lt;br&gt;87   XV   &lt;br&gt;I walked to the Wendell place. It had warmed up by then, and the road between my place and theirs was as dry as if no rain had fallen in these parts for a hundred years. Now and again a flurry of breeze would rise and a handful of leaves detach from a gum tree or a sycamore and arch downward following the course of the wind.  &lt;br&gt;     Loreen was alone when I got there. She had been drinking a little, but it was still early and she had just gotten done with the kids so she was not pie-eyed. She had not even yet turned on the TV to search for some serial telling a story exactly like hers. She had had just enough liquor to take the bare edge off a terrible pain&amp;ndash;as when you have suffered a great injury or made an awful mistake or lost somebody who was your whole world. On each count, I knew precisely how she must feel.  &lt;br&gt;     I got her up and moving and we walked out over the barren fields amidst cotton stubble and soybean roots left drying in the autumn sun. She listened without a word as I told her what I had to tell her. We went on walking down to a little bayou that drained the place and fed into the lake. An old black man from one of the places nearby sat on the far bank fishing with a cane pole and worms, looking as if he had been sitting there when the land and the water, the sky and the trees had been made. He smiled and waved to us, the early sun glinting off his sweating forehead. We waved back. There were still a few leaves on the trees, a bee or two flying sluggishly between late flowering weeds, and the slow water was hazed with pollen and dust from the harvest just past &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Where is he? Loreen asked, her voice hopeless and lost and dead. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He&amp;rsquo;s still with her, isn&amp;rsquo;t he? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, I told her. &amp;ndash;He&amp;rsquo;s over at my place. He was asleep when I left. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;What about her? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t know what you&amp;rsquo;re asking me. What is it you want to know? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You know her, don&amp;rsquo;t you?  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Some. She works for a friend of mine. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Then you have to know why he went to her when he found out. Instead of coming home to me.  &lt;br&gt;     It was not a question. It was a statement of fact. A mistaken statement of fact but a statement still. I knew it was going to come to that, had known it going in. Perhaps because I knew Loreen or because, being some kind of lawyer, whatever else, I knew that the one question, the single issue certain to be raised by the other side, was the one you had not prepared for. I had never seen it fail. It is a cardinal rule of the game. What game? You name it. &lt;br&gt;88   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, I said pausing, reaching down to draw up a handful of that rich soil that had sustained us and all our forebears for a hundred and fifty years and more. &amp;ndash;No, I don&amp;rsquo;t know that. I know why he didn&amp;rsquo;t-couldn&amp;rsquo;t-talk to you. I don&amp;rsquo;t know why he picked her. Maybe because he hadn&amp;rsquo;t gone to grade school and high school and college with her, married her and made love for the first time with her, watched her children grow. Maybe because be didn&amp;rsquo;t love her at all . . . &lt;br&gt;     We walked on. There were cattle grazing up against a levee that was supposed to protect the land from the Red River that almost never threatened. A line of denuded cottonwoods shivered in a sudden distant burst of wind that neither of us could feel. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It doesn&amp;rsquo;t matter, does it, Loreen said.  &lt;br&gt;     That wasn&amp;rsquo;t a question either. I relaxed a little and shook my head. I doubt she could sense my relief. She was paying me no mind by then. The messenger ceases to be of interest when the horror of his telling is absorbed, carried stinging to the heart. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Rowena thinks youall should go off somewhere for a little, I said. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;She&amp;rsquo;s coming over to see to the children anyhow . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Loreen nodded. &amp;ndash;Why don&amp;rsquo;t you come over to my place to see him, I said. &amp;ndash;It might be easier . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;re not going to be home? she asked matter-of-factly. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, I&amp;rsquo;ve got business in town. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Gee? she asked, her mind not on the question. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s coming along. There&amp;rsquo;s nothing to worry about.  &lt;br&gt;     Loreen smiled. She did not especially appreciate ironies. She simply recognized them. &amp;ndash;Nothing to worry about. That&amp;rsquo;s good, she said. &amp;ndash;You going back by the house first? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I can. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No. Never mind. I&amp;rsquo;ll go. No need sending notes back and forth the way we used to do in the fifth grade when we first . . .  &lt;br&gt;     Without any warning, she burst into tears. She began weeping as if her life had been torn to shreds and handed back to her piece by piece so that she could examine all the years, each day, every hour the two of them had spent together and see that none of them had meant what she supposed they did, that each and every one of them had been pointed like a black-feathered shaft toward this enormous bull&amp;rsquo;s-eye just arrived. With zero at the center. I held her, trying not to think of anything, least of all this living sobbing target of anguish in my arms.  &lt;br&gt;     After a few minutes she drew back, made use of my handkerchief. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I guess I&amp;rsquo;ll have to cry for the sixth grade and the seventh, the eighth, the ninth . . . Lord God, do you know how many days and nights I&amp;rsquo;ve got to mourn for . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes, I said. &amp;ndash;I have an idea.  &lt;br&gt;89   &lt;br&gt;     She kissed me quickly. &amp;ndash;Of course you do, she said, and started back across toward the house walking quickly, not meaning for me to follow. Either because she was in a hurry to go to Billy, to collect even more hours and days to mourn&amp;ndash;or because she did not want to visit upon me the next gust of pain when it came, as surely it would, as hard and wrenching as the first.  &lt;br&gt;XVI   &lt;br&gt;I drove along the lake that afternoon, surveying it as if I had been away for years. It was as fine a day as the morning had promised, with great white summer clouds building and hinting at showers as if it were July or August once more. Only when I parked and walked down to the water and passed under the shade of old cypresses and oaks and magnolias did I feel that tinge of metallic chill lingering from the night that warned this was only Indian summer and a great cold was on the way.  &lt;br&gt;     On the far side there was a fisherman in a wooden bateau moving slowly through pools of sun and shade, paddling with one hand from beside a fallen tree to a patch of hyacinth leaves floating clustered in the shadows, bunched close to shore. He was silent in his work, casting a lure out to tremble on the motionless surface, to twitch a time or two, then dive and run beneath the tiny waves farther out where wind chopped the deeper water, the vexed reflecting darkness, sending across to me a thousand splinters of mirrored sunlight.  &lt;br&gt;     What I wanted out of the afternoon was a sign. I wanted to see in that nameless distant fisherman whom I could not recognize but doubtless knew, some fusion of us all&amp;ndash;my people, myself, old W. D., Will D. and Alethia, Billy, Loreen, Gee. Victoria. I wanted to want nothing but the assurance that no matter who of us came or went, the land, the water, the sun and trees would stand forever with one&amp;ndash;any One&amp;ndash;to perceive them, to treasure them above the distant sweating cacophonous self-betrayed bricked and girdered and asphalted other anonymity that could not possibly stand.  &lt;br&gt;     So I reckoned. But in fact I wanted more. I could sense how the spinning rig would feel under my hand, the smooth gliding boat beneath me. I could feel the small minnow dancing at the end of my line and the power deep in the water that might reach suddenly up into the light, take down the minnow and begin the soundless struggle again. &lt;i&gt;He&amp;rsquo;s not doing it right&lt;/i&gt;, I heard myself whispering to myself. &lt;i&gt;Damn it, you&amp;rsquo;ve got to get in close, you have to brush the shore, risk the bait. You can&amp;rsquo;t just stand off and throw&lt;/i&gt; . . .  &lt;br&gt;90   &lt;br&gt;     You see? I was not so retired, so withdrawn as I had thought. Even that elegant empty room within begged for occupancy, for music, for laughter and voices, the sound of wine being poured, a sigh, a smile. &lt;br&gt;     I walked back up to the jeep and sat there in the sun for a long time like a turtle on a stump. I could not make out whether I was confused or ashamed. Most likely both. Or was it in some sense neither. I was surely coming to doubt the possibility of moving aside and watching the world and time go on as I stood by. Observing. Something Einstein had proved with the special theory: there are no privileged observers. The observer is part of the observation. Not because he wishes to be or chooses to be: because he must be. Because he is the observation. Observation? Revelation? Such thinking did not help and it occurred to me that if that college boy in the van should happen upon me now, he would surely think once more that I was in need of help. And this time he would be right.  &lt;br&gt;     It was close to sundown when I headed into town. The air was beginning to cool, that incipient chill flowing out from the shadows to usurp those territories given over by the sun. I was wearing an old and shaggy flight jacket Alethia had given me years before. It had belonged to Will D. He had forgotten it in the rush of departure at the end of his last furlough. She had sent it on to him, but it had arrived too late. They had sent it back with the rest of his things. I made a mental note to give it to Billy if he and Loreen decided to take a trip. After all, it had proven luckier than its owner.  &lt;br&gt;     When I reached the apartment complex it was already dark and the wind was rising. A voice on the jeep radio said a new cold front was on the way, that the fine weather was over and that a line of rain and thunderstorms would be coming in from the northwest again. I believed it was so. You could smell the moisture in the air. That was all right. I didn&amp;rsquo;t mind the prospect of driving back to the country in the rain. I almost welcomed it. Rowena would go hog-wild at the very prospect, but a finely wrought martini and a warm fire would take care of me. Rain or no rain, I expected I would be able to use both of those by the time I got back home. Rowena was too careful of me. If you are that careful, you may get your own unspoken wish. You may live for a long long time.  &lt;br&gt;     It took some walking to find Terry&amp;rsquo;s apartment. It was a little cubbyhole of a place under a stairway, but the single front window was large and looked out on a pint-sized swimming pool in the courtyard. The pool was lit from under the water, and I could tell that it was heated by the swirls of mist that rose from the water and shimmered away. In a week or so they would turn off the heat, let the water cool. It would be too cold to swim then, even on sunny afternoons.  &lt;br&gt;91   &lt;br&gt;     When I found her door, I paused. I reckon I always pause at such times. If I have no insight into human frailty as Victoria accused, at least I have a sense of epoch, I know when things are about to change. No, that&amp;rsquo;s wrong. I do not know. I am already in some sense on the far side of the change looking backward, seeing the future as history, imbibed, ingested, lived with, grasped, reduced to a utensil of the mind, even though I cannot specify a detail of its contents. It doesn&amp;rsquo;t take a weatherman. I began my retirement in spirit the day Victoria&amp;rsquo;s tests came back from the laboratory. &lt;br&gt;     Now something else was happening, about to happen. I could not yet say what it was, could not even speculate on the destiny buried in that future. But if I knocked, it would be opened to me, I was convinced, and nothing would be the same again. I had brought myself to that blank door pretending I needed still to know more of what had passed between her and Billy. As if I were still confronted with the task of explaining to Loreen why she had been suffering for months past. As if, failing to know all, I could say nothing. Which had never been true and now was not even a theoretical need since the task of explaining was behind me and by now Billy and Loreen were back together demanding nothing of one another, such demands as they yet might have directed toward a tenuous future they must face together&amp;ndash;of which nothing can be demanded at all.  &lt;br&gt;     So I had not come in pursuance of some avuncular duty to Billy and Loreen. I had come for myself. If there remained a need to know, it was my need, not theirs. Thus I paused to think on my need, to judge, if I could, whether it was a need that should be responded to or simply one more appetite to be set aside. Nothing was revealed as I stood there. I smiled to myself. Why should the messenger stand awaiting a message of his own? From that room somewhere inside me, hidden in the jumble of years, there came nothing but silence. Even my appetites stilled themselves, paused hushed with me. Waiting. Listening.  &lt;br&gt;     Then my hand was raised and I had crossed over the boundary of that epoch, knocking on a door I had never stood before, wondering whence came the power for the raising, the knocking. In the wake of the knock, there was nothing but silence. I knocked again. The same. I found myself blushing and forlorn to have made so much of a single visit to a young lady who might be supposed to be lonely and thoughtful this night, a closer than close friend having been called back to his own particular destiny.  &lt;br&gt;     My hand was raised to knock a third time. Poised but not knocking. I had no need of an epoch in my life, did I? I had need of quietude and the lake, long evenings involved in shadow and music, reaching out to touch every past except my own. But as I started to turn away, I heard  &lt;br&gt;92   &lt;br&gt;from somewhere a voice that in the absence of anyone else nearby, must be directed at me. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;She&amp;rsquo;s not there. She&amp;rsquo;s . . . gone away. On a long trip . . . I don&amp;rsquo;t think she&amp;rsquo;s coming back . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I turned to look for the source of the voice. The courtyard was dark. Only the light from the pool itself welled up to illuminate the blank walls of the surrounding buildings thick with ivy, broken in their monotony here and there by a lighted window behind which nothing could be seen. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Are you referring to Miss Novis? I asked no one. The silence went on so long I wondered if I had actually heard anything before. I was dog-tired, a little lightheaded again, breakfast long since drained of its strengthening power. Perhaps that voice had risen from within me. Perhaps it had been the message I had sought, expected, all day long. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Oh, the voice came at last. &amp;ndash;It&amp;rsquo;s . . . you . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I managed to fix its origin that time and walked toward a huddle of lawn chairs and recliners near the deep end of the pool. She was hunched in one of the chairs turned away from her apartment as if indeed she had already begun a journey. The glow of the pool was on her face, pearly, lurid, shaking as the autumn breeze thrilled the water. She did not look up when I walked over but continued to stare into the pool, trying to discern the source of the light down there. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He&amp;rsquo;s home now, she said quietly, her voice distanced, choral in sound, as if it were disembodied, too. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes. No, he&amp;rsquo;s at my place. Loreen is with him. They needed to be alone.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Alone, she repeated. &amp;ndash;Is that what people need? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t know. I used to think . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash; . . . you needed to be alone? You were right. That&amp;rsquo;s what we need. If we&amp;rsquo;re alone long enough everything will be fine . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I sat down on one of the loungers. I did not look at the pool. It seemed in that surrounding darkness to be hypnotic. Across the way, amidst the curled and knotted ivy, one of the windows was dark. There must be people behind such windows, I thought. People together, people alone. I almost wanted to think about them, but I was thinking of her. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I &lt;i&gt;am&lt;/i&gt; going away, you know, Terry said after a while. &amp;ndash;I wrote a letter to the judge . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Where would you go? I asked her. &amp;ndash;Back to Plain Dealing?  &lt;br&gt;     She shuddered, shook her head. &amp;ndash;No. There&amp;rsquo;s no one back there. Everyone knows me and it doesn&amp;rsquo;t matter. My folks are gone. They stay out in the Shady Grove cemetery now . . . The boy I used to go with married somebody from El Dorado, and they live in Corpus Christi . . .  &lt;br&gt;93   &lt;br&gt;     In the distance I heard thunder. The wind rose a little more, and the water of the pool shivered, its luminosity shaking across her features, making her look as if she were about to cry. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It&amp;rsquo;s hard to find a place to go . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I think you should stay. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Why? You know, I started to leave a while back . . . I really did. I almost left. Then Billy . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She stopped talking, and I couldn&amp;rsquo;t start. I felt as I had standing before her door, waiting to see if my hand would raise, my knuckles move forward to knock. A long time ago, I had simply done things. Now it seemed I waited. Perhaps I had forgotten in my loneliness how to do things, say things of any consequence. Or perhaps I had come, even as a judge, before my retirement, to realize the immutability, the gravity of things done and said. &lt;i&gt;You made . . . all this&lt;/i&gt;, I thought, looking not at Terry but at the opposite blank shadowed wall crazed with patterns of ivy. Only one lighted window remained and the sound of the thunder was close then and of differing pitch like that of tuned tympanies.  &lt;br&gt;     Terry looked up at the dark sky. &amp;ndash;Is it going to rain? Did they say anything about rain? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I believe so. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;And you&amp;rsquo;ve got that silly jeep . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;It doesn&amp;rsquo;t matter. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Of course it matters. Don&amp;rsquo;t you see? You shouldn&amp;rsquo;t get wet and cold . . . you could . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I didn&amp;rsquo;t look away then. My eyes caught hers and I could tell it was not the dappled pattern of the pool that made her appear to be crying. I saw that she was wearing only a thin summer robe pulled tight around her, arms locked across her chest. Her legs were bare far up her thighs, her feet curled under her. I noticed how her legs seemed to glow in the diffused light from the pool. I realized that she must be cold. I took off the old Army Air Corps jacket and put it around her shoulders as one might do for any lovely young woman in such a circumstance. But then I realized that I wasn&amp;rsquo;t doing it for a nameless cold young woman and it was all I could do to keep from taking her up into my arms, caressing her luminous thighs, telling her what had been happening to me in my loneliness and what I had been waiting impatiently for. But, ever the counselor, I compromised. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I wish you wouldn&amp;rsquo;t leave, I said as diffidently as I could. But the night wind and the moisture in the air had filled my throat and the words did not sound diffident, commonplace at all.  &lt;br&gt;     Just then I felt a drop of rain on my forehead and saw another drop fall like a tear on Terry&amp;rsquo;s thigh. Before either of us could move, the storm had arrived and the surface of the pool seemed to turn into a translucent  &lt;br&gt;94   &lt;br&gt;cauldron, bubbling, steaming, flaring as icy rain spattered down into the warm water. I pulled her up from the lawn chair, drew her close, and then we were running for cover together, out of the storm.  &lt;br&gt;XVII    &lt;br&gt;Inside her apartment it was warm. There was some sort of electric heater in the wall that glowed deep scarlet in the dark. Terry did not reach to turn on the lights and I didn&amp;rsquo;t ask her to. We paused for a moment just inside the door, leaving it open, listening to the rain drumming down, watching the pool bubble and steam out there as if it were implicated in some sort of magic associated with the storm. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;You&amp;rsquo;re soaked, she said. &amp;ndash;You have to dry those clothes. Take them off. I have a robe you can . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m not on furlough from an old folks&amp;rsquo; home, I told her testily. &amp;ndash;And I don&amp;rsquo;t need his goddamned robe . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I think she smiled then. Her back was to the wall heater and all I could see was the remarkable silhouette of someone with long auburn hair in a flight jacket with a frowsy fur collar and what looked like a skirt that almost reached the floor. Her hand was still outstretched and she took the shirt I handed her and put it on the back of a chair near the wall heater. She leaned down toward that warm glow as she arranged the khaki shirt so it would dry, and her face and hair were for an instant a composition done by some anonymous Flemish master, a perfect profile shining in dark tones that of right should not shine at all. Then she turned toward me and there was still glow enough to see that she was smiling for sure. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;ll have the pants now, she said.  &lt;br&gt;     She made coffee and we drank it sitting near the warm dark light of the heater. The storm had not eased and it was so cold outside now that we had closed the door and raised the single wide front window just enough so that we could hear the rain falling. I was wrapped in a loathsome plaid robe bought at Penney&amp;rsquo;s or Sears, pulled off a rack for utility&amp;rsquo;s sake, God knows, and not for love. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I don&amp;rsquo;t want you to leave, I said again when we had settled down. I was in a chair. She had found herself a place on the floor just outside the range of the heater&amp;rsquo;s glow. I could see her there, even make out her face, but nuances of expression were hazed, indecipherable. Her face was in shadow. I expect she knew that. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Have you got more work for me? she asked. It sounded like a sensible question the way she asked it. I almost answered, but then something came to mind. Perhaps it was that luscious pink glow on her  &lt;br&gt;95   &lt;br&gt;long legs. I rose, took a step or two toward her, and lifted her into the light.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Don&amp;rsquo;t make me say any more than I&amp;rsquo;m ready to say right now, I told her. &amp;ndash;And don&amp;rsquo;t pretend you&amp;rsquo;ve got any place to go. You didn&amp;rsquo;t put a letter on George Wesley&amp;rsquo;s desk and you weren&amp;rsquo;t going to mail him one, either. You were going to let them find it . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I couldn&amp;rsquo;t believe what I was saying. No, that&amp;rsquo;s wrong. I believed it all right. I was mortally certain of it. I just couldn&amp;rsquo;t believe I was saying it. Her head snapped away as if I had slapped her. If I had harbored any doubt about the nature of her travel plans, it vanished then like steam from the surface of the pool. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Judge, please . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;My name is Al, and I&amp;rsquo;m not a judge any more. If I didn&amp;rsquo;t stop when Victoria died, I did when I stepped through the door of Gee&amp;rsquo;s cabin. I impeached myself right then. When I came out, I was an advocate again. Right now I&amp;rsquo;m not even that. I&amp;rsquo;m not judging, and I&amp;rsquo;m not lawyering. I think I&amp;rsquo;m . . . trying to save two lives. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;There&amp;rsquo;s nothing to save, Terry said softly. She might have used the same tone to say I love you. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes there is. I don&amp;rsquo;t mean keep from dying. Nobody can do that. I meant . . . save life. Make something of it while it&amp;rsquo;s here. Nobody ought to die until they&amp;rsquo;re . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash; . . . dead. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That&amp;rsquo;s right, I said, and drew her to me and kissed her, trying to send across the barriers of years and situation and even flesh itself what I was feeling for the first time. The first time in years? No. Because it is never the same and whatever you may have felt you will not feel again for better or worse. For the very first time. Which is what I had not realized and which was blowing open the pain-barred doors of that room, that conservatory within, with no hesitation, no possibility of profanation at all because this was, once more, the very first time.  &lt;br&gt;     She kissed me, too. But it was like a feeble ray tossed from a distant star. By the time it reached me, only the form remained. It was not nearly enough to preserve life. Either she had not heard me, I thought, or had not cared. She turned in my arms slowly, her face averted from the heater&amp;rsquo;s glow. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Wasn&amp;rsquo;t there anything you wanted to ask me? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Was there supposed to be something? I answered, pressing down the guilt, the bad faith.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Didn&amp;rsquo;t you come . . . wanting to know about Billy and me? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I didn&amp;rsquo;t ask you, did I? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I think you got . . . put off. I could tell when you said what you said . . . about his robe.  &lt;br&gt;96   &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;That was stupid and I didn&amp;rsquo;t mean it, and it hasn&amp;rsquo;t got anything to do with . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Yes it does. You want to know how we met and . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He had some suit about tractors in federal court . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;We met at the P&amp;amp;S Clinic . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right, I said, my voice not faltering at all, &amp;ndash;so it was the clinic instead of court . . .  &lt;br&gt;     But I was seeing Rowena&amp;rsquo;s face before me, that utterly unfamiliar expression on it. I could hear her again not telling me anything. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;We . . . had the same doctor.  &lt;br&gt;     I almost answered again. As in the hedgerows and lonely snow-filled country roads of France, we talked and talked to push away what we feared most. But she turned back to face me then, her eyes hard and glittering, and before she could say anything else, I already knew more than I wanted to know. Almost more than I could bear. Rowena had done right. I could hear the rain still failing outside. I could even hear the element in the wall heater crackling as it took the current, transformed it, and sent forth its mechanical warmth. I could hear her breathing and mine. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;He was standing in the hall outside Dr. Tom Smith&amp;rsquo;s office. He was . . . crying. I thought, Oh God, it&amp;rsquo;s got him too. He&amp;rsquo;s so big and strong. Nothing like this has ever happened to him before. If someone doesn&amp;rsquo;t . . . he might . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She drank cold coffee from the cup. Outside the rain faltered, slackened. It made her voice seem louder. &amp;ndash;So I spoke to him and we had supper, and I told him what . . . what it had done to me . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She broke off, hand trembling, to take another sip she didn&amp;rsquo;t want. Then she laughed. Not a bitter laugh. Only distant and emotionless, another garbled transmission from a nameless star. &amp;ndash;So he came home with me and we talked all night and I told him what you just said. I told him we should live . . . until we die.  &lt;br&gt;     She put down the cup so hard I recoiled from the harsh hollow clatter. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Then we saw each other a lot. Sometimes, if it got too late, he&amp;rsquo;d spend the night there on the sofa . . . He needed me so much, I . . . I changed my travel plans . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She walked to the window then and stared out toward the pool which had grown almost calm as the rain tapered off. Even as she stood there, the lights in the pool went out, quenched by some unseen hand or a timing device equally invisible. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;And that&amp;rsquo;s how we . . . made love. Some kind of love. The ruined helping the dying. The mutilated caring for the doomed. Oh hell, the dead burying the dead . . .  &lt;br&gt;97   &lt;br&gt;     She began to cry softly then, and it may be that I did too. That is the risk Cromwell runs when he steps down from the bench, no longer demanding penances when the appearances are not, cannot possibly be, saved.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;She didn&amp;rsquo;t have very much to be jealous about, Terry said finally. &amp;ndash;Not much at all. Or to be jealous of, either . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Terry . . .  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Please, Judge . . . Al . . . There isn&amp;rsquo;t anything else. I did what I could and he&amp;rsquo;s going to be . . . what? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right, I said. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;All right. She can do for him now. But . . .  &lt;br&gt;     I tried to draw her to me, but she pulled away.  &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, I can&amp;rsquo;t. It was . . . They took everything, everything . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She turned and her arms dropped to her sides. For the first time I realized that her robe lay across her chest as Billy&amp;rsquo;s did across mine. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;There&amp;rsquo;s nothing left, don&amp;rsquo;t you see? Billy wanted to . . . He . . . I don&amp;rsquo;t have anything left. If there was . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Christ Jesus, do you think that matters? &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I know it does. It matters a lot. It&amp;rsquo;s been months and nothing&amp;rsquo;s happened. But it could. They might have to come back and take . . . They could take a little more time after time . . .  &lt;br&gt;     She shuddered, supporting herself against the window casement. Behind her, in the strengthless pale light from outside, the steam still eddied up from the darkened pool, vanished in the cold night. &amp;ndash;I should have made that trip a long time ago . . . &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;Don&amp;rsquo;t you reckon there&amp;rsquo;s always time enough for that?  &lt;br&gt;     She shrugged, walked back toward the heater a little unsteadily. &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;m very very tired, Al. It&amp;rsquo;s late. Would you like to stay the night?  &lt;br&gt;     For the shortest of moments I thought we had reached ground, that at least there was some chance, that perhaps in her very desperation she would move toward me as a kind of hopeless bitter experiment to prove to herself that her worst and most destructive suppositions were true. That would be enough. I could override that, wipe it out of her mind once and for all. There was nothing she could reveal worse than I had seen. Along distant rainy village streets where water and blood, not Christ&amp;rsquo;s but that of his children, ran into the careless gutters. At a graves registration post close to the lines, on a small road just inside a tangled hedgerow. And much more recently. But she stepped past me and started toward her bedroom. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;ll bring you a blanket. It&amp;rsquo;s a foldout couch. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;I&amp;rsquo;d rather we stay together. &lt;br&gt;     &amp;ndash;No, you don&amp;rsquo;t. You really wouldn&amp;rsquo;t. It would . . . make you feel the way it does me.  &lt;br&gt;98   &lt;br&gt;     She brought a blanket and stood for a moment looking at me. &amp;ndash;I just want to say . . . If there was anyone, she began awkwardly. &amp;ndash;But there isn&amp;rsquo;t . . . Goodnight . . .  &lt;br&gt;XVIII    &lt;br&gt;Somehow I slept. Most likely because I couldn&amp;rsquo;t stay awake any longer even if I had wanted to. It was deep in the night when I dreamed and, if you will believe it, I dreamed not of Terry or Billy or Loreen, nor did my dreaming take me back to that old time when I was living as well as alive, when Will D. and Alethia, Victoria and I would ride out north past town in Will D.&amp;rsquo;s Packard convertible and eat at Worm&amp;rsquo;s Hilltop House. As we had done, for instance, on the evening of September 1st, 1939.  &lt;br&gt;     No, none of that. Rather I was in dark woods with the snow falling. Before dawn or after twilight, I could not tell. Down the ridge to my right I could hear firing. Not a shotgun or even a deer rifle but automatic weapons fire. I realized that these were not my woods at all, that the looming trees were larch and some odd kind of fir, birches and lindens and elms. Down there I could see smoke and tiny wrecked vehicles and the brief red spatter of muzzle blasts. As I came off the ridge and drew closer, I thought I could hear the deep bass of a Browning Automatic Rifle, but when I came to the final precipitous slope, all the firing stopped and it became so quiet that after a few moments I could hear the snow whispering into the laden branches above, a branch somewhere cracking suddenly under the weight of the colle